I conducted an amplitude vs. offset (AVO) analysis on newly acquired 3D seismic reflection data to detect elevated pore fluid content and pore fluid pressure along the Costa Rica convergent margin to address dewatering processes of subduction zone sediments. These data provide the highest quality 3D seismic data acquired to date along a convergent margin for detailed analysis of geophysical properties along the plate boundary fault interface. In 2011, a 55 km by 11 km 3D seismic reflection survey was completed using the R/V Marcus G. Langseth offshore western Costa Rica at the convergent margin of the Cocos and Caribbean plates. We applied pre-stack Kirchhoff time migration to a subset of these data across the frontal prism where amplitude versus offset (AVO) attributes were extracted along the decollement. When pore fluid pressure, l , exceeds 0.7, the pressure at which Poisson’s ratio begins to approach that of water, the AVO response of a fluid-filled, clay-rich decollement requires a high Poisson’s ratio and an excessively low seismic P-wave and S-wave velocity. Acute wedge taper, undercompacted subducted hemipelagic and pelagic sediments, and a smooth decollement in the northwest half of the survey correspond with decollement AVO response of relatively high values of Poisson’s ratio. These findings suggest increased pore fluid content and vertical containment of near-lithostatic pore fluid pressures within the decollement. In contrast, increased wedge taper angles, thin hemipelagic and pelagic sediments, and a rugose decollement beneath the southeastern frontal prism produce an AVO response interpreted as due to lower pore fluid contents and pressures. We propose that large-offset subducting basement normal faults in this area, as close as 20 m from the decollement, induce vertical fractures within the decollement that allow for fluid expulsion into the frontal prism and lower fluid pressure. Lateral variability of overpressure within the decollement shear zone of subduction margins is important in understanding the evolution of frontal prism strain accumulation and seismogenic rupture. / text

Sudarytas Puasono lygties sprendimo per „rutuliukų“ potencialus algoritmas. Šiuo metodu Puasono lygties sprendimo uždavinys suvedamas į tiesinių algebrinių lygčių sistemos sprendimą. Sudaryta ir išbandyta matematiniu paketu MATHCAD to sprendimo programa. Palyginti gauti sprendiniai su tais, kurie gaunami analiziškai, įvertintas gautų sprendinių tikslumas. Šį sprendimo būdą galima panaudoti realiems fizikiniams potencialams paskaičiuoti, turint galvoje realų potencialą su kuriuo realūs krūviai. / It consists of Poisson equation solution in the "ball" potential algorithm. In this method the Poisson equation, the decision problem are reduced to linear algebraic equations system solution. Created and tested a mathematical package MATHCAD program for that decision. Compared to solutions with those obtained analytically, estimated to obtain accurate solutions. This solution can be used to calculate the real physical potentials, given the real potential of the real workloads.

Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2001.

Resumo: Modelos de geração de precipitações são de extrema importância nos dias atuais, pois com o conhecimento do padrão de precipitação em certa área, pode-se planejar obras de forma a minimizar os efeitos das precipitações de grande intensidade. No presente trabalho, aplica-se o modelo de Neyman-Scott e, particularmente, o de Poisson na geração de precipitações de grande intensidade na região da Bacia do Tietê Superior, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Essa região sofre anualmente com as enchentes devido às fortes precipitações e a alta densidade populacional nesta área. Para a aplicação dos modelos de distribuição espacial de precipitações Neyman-Scott e Poisson, foram considerados os dados coletados de 1980 a 1997 de uma rede pluviométrica constituída de treze pluviômetros. / Abstract: Models related with precipitations generation have extremely importance nowadays because with the standard knowledge about an specific area, we can plan projects to minimize the effects caused by high intensity precipitations. At the present work, we applies Neyman-Scott’s model and particularly the one from Poisson, in the precipitations generations with high intensity in the Superior Tietê Bays’ region, São Paulo state, Brazil. This region suffer annually with the floods due to the strong precipitations and the high human density. To use the Neyman-Scott and Poisson models related to spatial precipitations distribution, we have considered data collected during 1980 to 1997 from a pluviometric network consisted by thirteen rain gauges. / Orientador: Roberto Naves Domingos / Coorientador: José Silvio Govone / Banca: José Manoel Balthazar / Banca: Marco Aurélio Sicchiroli Lavrador / Mestre

This study focuses on developing novel modeling techniques for fiber-reinforced composites with polymer and ceramic matrix based on Peridynamic approach. To capture the anisotropic material behaviors of composites under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions, a new peridynamic model for composite laminate and a modified peridynamic approach for non-uniform discretization are proposed in this study. In order to achieve the numerical implementation of the proposed model and approach, a mixed implicit-explicit solver based on GPU parallel computing is developed as well. The new peridynamic model for composite laminates does not have any limitation in fiber orientation, material properties and stacking sequence. It can capture the expected orthotropic material properties and coupling behaviors in laminates with symmetric and asymmetric layups. Unlike the previous models, the new model enables the evaluation of stress and strain fields in each ply of the laminate. Therefore, it permits the use of existing stress- or strain-based failure criteria for damage prediction. The computation of strain energy stored at material points allows the energy-based failure criteria required for delamination propagation and fatigue crack growth. The capability of this approach is verified against benchmark solutions, and validated by comparison with the available experimental results for three laminate layups with an open hole under tension and compression. The modified peridynamic approach for non-uniform discretization enables computational efficiency and removes the effect of geometric truncations in the simulation. This approach is a modification to the original peridynamic theory by splitting the strain energy associated with an interaction between two material points according to the volumetric ratio arising from the presence of non-uniform discretization and variable horizon. It also removes the requirement for correction of peridynamic material parameters due to surface effects. The accuracy of this approach is verified against the benchmark solutions, and demonstrated by considering cracking in nuclear fuel pellet subjected to a thermal load with non-uniform discretizations. Unlike the previous peridynamic simulations which primarily employs explicit algorithm, this study introduces implicit algorithm to achieve peridynamic simulation under quasi-static loading condition. The Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) and Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRES) algorithms are implemented with GPU parallel computing technology. Circulant preconditioner provides significant acceleration in the convergence of peridynamic analyses. To predict damage evolution, the simulation is continued with standard explicit algorithms. The validity and performance of this mixed implicit-explicit solver is established and demonstrated with benchmark tests.

In der Aufbau und Verbindungstechnik von mikroelektronischen Komponenten finden vermehrt polymere Werkstoffe Einzug. Zum Beispiel wird klassisches Metalllot durch elektrisch leitfähige Klebstoffe ersetzt, beziehungsweise werden zur Fixierung von oberflächenkontaktierten elektronischen Bauelementen schnell härtende Epoxidharzklebstoffe eingesetzt. Insbesondere im automobilen Einsatzbereich werden hohe Anforderungen an die Funktionszuverlässigkeit an die elektronischen Komponenten gesetzt. Große Temperaturschwankungen sowie unterschiedlichste mechanische Lastfälle wirken auf die Elektronik ein. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Beschreibung des viskoelastischen Materialverhaltens am Beispiel eines Epoxidharzklebstoffs zur Fixierung mikroelektronischer Bauelemente in einem ausgedehnten Temperatur- und Zeitbereich. Es werden unterschiedliche experimentelle Vorgehensweisen zur Ermittlung des Relaxationsverhaltens diskutiert und eine für den großen Temperaturbereich optimierte Zeit-Temperaturverschiebung präsentiert. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse des Relaxationsverhaltens werden mittels einer Vielparameteranpassung unter Zuhilfenahme genetischer Algorithmen in ein Materialmodell übertragen. Zur Beschreibung des dreidimensionalen viskoelastischen Stoffverhaltens wird neben dem E-Modul auch die Poissonzahl mit unterschiedlichen Messmethoden in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Zeit untersucht. Insbesondere die berührungslose Messung von Längs- und Querdehnung im Zugrelaxationsversuch und anschließender Auswertung mittels Grauwertkorrelation wird als zielführend bewertet. Es wird ein Funktionsansatz vorgestellt, mit dem sich die Poissonzahl in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Zeit beschreiben lässt. Damit lässt sich das Relaxationsverhalten für sowohl den Schub- als auch dem Kompressionsmodul darstellen. Dies erhöht die Aussagegenauigkeit von numerischen Beanspruchungsanalysen und verbessert somit auch die Präzision der darauf basierenden von Lebensdauerprognosen.

The present document is the final master thesis report written by Marc PILORGET,student at SUPAERO (home institution) and KTH (Royal Institute of Technology,Exchange University). This six months internship was done at DASSAULT AVIATION(Airframe engineering department) based in Saint-Cloud, France. It spanned from the 5thof July to the 23rd of December. The thesis work aims at developing an SPH (SmoothParticle Hydrodynamics) calculation method for ditching and implementing it in the finiteelement software ELFINI® developed by DASSAULT. Ditching corresponds to a phasewhen the aeroplane is touching the water. The problematic of ditching has always beenan area of interest for DASSAULT and the whole aeronautical industry. So far, only testsand simple analytical calculations have been performed. Most of the work was carried bythe NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) in the late 70's. However in thepast decade, a new method for fluid-structure coupling problems has been developed. Itis called SPH. The basic principle is the following: the domain is represented by means ofparticles and each particle of fluid is treated separately and submitted to the Navier-Stokes equations. The particle is influenced by the neighbouring particles with a weightfunction depending on the distance between the two particles. Particles are also placed atthe interface solid-fluid: they are called limit particles. The final purpose of this SPHmethod is to access to the structural response of an aircraft when ditching. The crucialinterest of such a method compared to methods used so far is the absence of mesh. Theanalysis of large deformation problems by the finite element method may require thecontinuous remeshing of the domain to avoid the breakdown of the calculation due toexcessive mesh distortion. When considering ditching or other large deformationsproblems, the mesh generation is a far more time-consuming task than the constructionand solution of a discrete set of equations. For DASSAULT-AVIATION, the long termobjective is to get a numerical tool able to model ditching. The SPH method is used tosolve the equations for the fluid and is coupled with a finite element method for thestructure. So far, the compressible solver for 2D geometries has been implemented.Tests are going to be performed to ensure the program’s robustness. Then theincompressible solver for 2D geometries will be studied both theoretically andnumerically.

No description available.

No description available.

Complex moduli and Poisson’s ratio have been estimated using extensional and torsional wave experiments. The data were used for assessment of linearity and isotropy of two polymers, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polypropylene (PP). The responses of both materials were found to be close to linear and isotropic. A statistical analysis of different estimation approaches for complex modulus and Poisson’s ratio was conducted. It was shown that a joint estimation of complex modulus and Poisson’s ratio improves the estimated results. Considerable improvement was achieved in the frequency range 5-15 kHz for Poisson’s ratio. A non-equilibrium split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) procedure for identification of complex modulus has been developed. Two simplified procedures were also established. Both overestimated the magnitude of the complex modulus. The complex modulus of PP was identified using PMMA and aluminium bars, and the estimated complex modulus was in good agreement with published results. The procedure was found to be accurate regardless of the specimen size or the specimen-to-bar impedance ratio. The procedure was also used to analyze the mechanical response of four compacted pharmaceutical tablet materials. A Debye-like relaxation was observed for all tested materials. Utilizing SHPB effectively requires knowledge about the impact process that is normally used for excitation. Therefore the impact between a cylindrical striker and a long cylindrical bar of viscoelastic material was studied theoretically and experimentally. Strains measured at three locations along a PMMA bar impacted by strikers of the same material agreed well with the theoretical results. A method for identification of complex shear modulus from measured shear strains on a disc subjected to a transient torque at its centre has been established. The two-dimensional wave solutions used are exact in the sense of three-dimensional theory. The results from experimental tests with different load amplitudes and durations agree well with each other.