Plants and herbivores influence each other for more than million years. Most studies are focused on interspecific variability in herbivory intensity, but little i known about intraspecific variability and what controls it. Environmental conditions can determine intraspecific variation. Goal of this thesis is to examine importance of environmental conditions and interspecific variation for invertebrate herbivory preferences. Plant material that was used in experiments comes from several species from subfamily Carduoideae. Preferences of invertebrate herbivores are tested in food-choice experiments. Plastic arenas are made for these experiments, in which leaves are put in small tubes that are placed along the periphery. After herbivores are placed in to arena, arena is covered by net to ensure that herbivores can't escape. Plant material for experiments was grown in experimental garden and was also brought from field. Plants from garden differ in productivity of soil and water regime. In experiments with field material, plant leaves were collected from eight localities, four fields and four grasslands. Leaves were scanted before and after each experiment. Scans were processed and the amount of consumed leaf tissue was determined. For plant characteristics I measured plant functional traits, specific...

The Unfit Preparation and Attempt of Criminal Offence Abstract The topic of the unfit preparation and attempt of criminal offence is one of the most disputable domains of criminal law. The conflict concerns mainly punishability of an act, which cannot really result in committing a crime, and punishment of perpetrator. In the study of criminal law, two basic approaches have developed. Other theories are derived from them. The first od basic approaches is the subjective theory, which emphasizes a malice of the perpetrator. In its radical form, it omits completely an act in the world. The second approach is represented by the objective theory, which constitutes the opposite of the subjective theory. This theory emphasizes mainly dangerousness of the perpetrator's act for society. The preference of theories has been changing, that is also represented by the difference of laws. The unfit attempt can be divided in three basic groups according to what is unfit: attempt on unfit object, attempt with unfit tools, attempt by unfit subject. The thesis is divided into several parts. In the first part, the unfit preparation and the unfit attempt are introduced as evolutional stadiums of a criminal act mainly from the point of view of current law. Than unfit forms and detailed explanation of both theory follow. Also such...

The thesis focuses on the rendering of the poetics of Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva in Czech translations. The first part deals with the phenomenon of poetesses in the Russian literature and subsequently with Akhmatova's and Tsvetaeva's life, works, style and reception. The second part is focused on contrastive translatological analysis of different approaches to their poetry and detailed analysis of existing Czech translations of Akhmatova's poem Rekviem and Tsvetaeva's work Popytka revnosti. It defines the approach of all translators to translation and evaluates the quality and adequacy of individual translation solutions in relation to the author's style and intention.

The study is focused on comparative ecology of three closely related species from Myosotis palustris group. Importance of various functional traits of individual species was evaluated experimentally in the greenhouse (germination experiments), in the pot experiment and in the reciprocal transplant field experiment. Germination, production of clonal structures and response to various environmental conditions (competition, moisture conditions, etc.) were studied. The experimental data are supplemented with an analysis of phytosociological relationships of the studied species.

The main goal of the thesis is to describe a position of the real experiment in chemistry at the beginning of the 21 century and to contribute to solution of speculations if this didactic tool is or is not at current schools such a rarity as it's often described. The starting point of the thesis is extensive research of the literature related to history of natural science literacy which is condition not only for the right experiment interpretation but also of its suitable usage in the lessons. The theoretical part observes also the ensuring of the chemical experiment in the curricular documents and its position in the chemistry teaching in recent past. The experiment is a dynamic visualia therefore the visualias are classified in particular part of the thesis and their occurrence and function are described - in today's information society, chemistry textbooks, as a part of hypermedia programs for chemistry teaching and in lessons in general. The thesis focuses partly on hypermedia programs, especially then on materials for chemistry teaching that proved to be helpful in e-learning. Through the questionnaire inquiry at primary and secondary schools in Czech Republic were discovered not merely material also personal options of the schools and chemistry teachers in relation to the experiment...

The scope of the presented master thesis was the experimental study of multi-filament yarns made of AR-glass and used for textile-reinforced concrete. The behavior under the tensile loading was investigated by laboratory tests. A high number of yarn specimens (over 300) of six different lengths (from 1 cm to 74 cm) was tested to obtain statistically significant data which were subsequently corrected and statistically processed. The numerical model of the multi-filament bundle was studied and applied for prediction of the yarn performance and for later results interpretation. The model of n parallel filaments describes the behavior of a bundle with varying parameters representing different sources of disorder of the response and provides the qualitative information about the influence of their randomization on the overall bundle response. The aim of the carried experiment was to validate the model presumptions and to identify the model parameters to fit the real load-displacement curves. Unfortunately, due to unsuccessful correction of measured displacements devalued by additional non-linear contribution of the unstiff experiment device the load-displacement diagrams were not applicable to model parameters identification. The statistical evaluation was carried only for the maximal load values and the effect of the specimen size (length) on its strength was demonstrated. The size effect curve did not exclude the existence of spatial correlation of material mechanical properties modifying the classical statistical Weibull theory.

This master thesis is devoted to Jana Stroblova, the Czech poet, novelist and translator from Russian language. The thesis is aimed at several goals: 1) to summarize and unite the known facts about life of this author and try to capture her personality, 2) to describe the relationship of Jana Stroblova to the Russian poet Marina Tsvetaeva, as the vast part of Stroblova's translations is dedicated to her, 3) to establish the similarities between the personalities of Stroblova and Tsvetaeva as well as to find the parallels in their poems, and, afterwards, to clarify the reasons that led Stroblova to decision to translate Tsvetaeva, 4) to summarize the reflections of Stroblova's translations while emphasizing the translations of Tsvetaeva's work and to use these reflections to define Stroblova's translation methodology, 5) to confront the findings of the thesis with opinions of Jana Stroblova during an interview with her. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Plant invasions represent a major ecological and socio-economical issue and understanding the drivers as well as consequences of plant invasions is thus one of the main goals of plant ecology. It is equally important to reveal general patterns underlying plant invasions and to understand the details of biology of individual invaders. In this thesis I explored plant-soil feedback (PSF) as a possible general mechanism underlying plant invasiveness, and also focused in detail on drivers and consequences of Impatiens parviflora invasion. The aims of this thesis were to i) assess the differences in intraspecific PSF between invasive and alien non-invasive species using a large set of species; ii) explore the relationship between PSF, residence time and phylogenetic novelty of the alien species; iii) compare the importance of PSF and other plant characteristics for plant invasiveness; iv) compare PSF between invasive and native congeners of similar level of dominance in the field; v) evaluate the effect of cultivating conditions on results of PSF experiments; vi) describe invasion dynamics and determine factors affecting spread of invasive I. parviflora using a method of monitoring its natural spread in several types of habitats, and vii) assess the impact of I. parviflora on native vegetation of oak-...