<p>Human rights as codified in international documents are claims every human being have by virtue of being a human. Meaning that every state must ensure, through its laws, that each individual is guaranteed these claims or rights equally. Islamic principles like other religions are obligations that its members (Muslims) must perform rather than claims. Therefore, it is possible that individual rights may not be respected within Islamic principles because, of the differences in their origin and emphasis, one is a claim and the other a duty of believers.</p><p>The concern of violating rights of other people within Islamic law calls into attention how Islamic principles can be applied in a state while guaranteeing human rights as universal principles.</p><p>This study discusses various approaches proposed by Muslim authors on how human rights can be justified in Islam. Since human rights are political concepts, in the sense that each state must ensure that human beings go about their life freely, they should be the focus of consensus among different doctrines in a modern state. That is a principle to justify human rights in Islam must consider the fact of pluralism of religious doctrines and how all are included in the political process of the state.</p>

Human rights as codified in international documents are claims every human being have by virtue of being a human. Meaning that every state must ensure, through its laws, that each individual is guaranteed these claims or rights equally. Islamic principles like other religions are obligations that its members (Muslims) must perform rather than claims. Therefore, it is possible that individual rights may not be respected within Islamic principles because, of the differences in their origin and emphasis, one is a claim and the other a duty of believers. The concern of violating rights of other people within Islamic law calls into attention how Islamic principles can be applied in a state while guaranteeing human rights as universal principles. This study discusses various approaches proposed by Muslim authors on how human rights can be justified in Islam. Since human rights are political concepts, in the sense that each state must ensure that human beings go about their life freely, they should be the focus of consensus among different doctrines in a modern state. That is a principle to justify human rights in Islam must consider the fact of pluralism of religious doctrines and how all are included in the political process of the state.

Submitted by Cristiane de Melo Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@unifesp.br) on 2018-04-13T20:55:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 guilherme-tadeu-de-paula.pdf: 699804 bytes, checksum: 3d098adb3ca4895cf32a9c546b301250 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diogo Misoguti (diogo.misoguti@gmail.com) on 2018-04-17T18:06:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 guilherme-tadeu-de-paula.pdf: 699804 bytes, checksum: 3d098adb3ca4895cf32a9c546b301250 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T18:06:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 guilherme-tadeu-de-paula.pdf: 699804 bytes, checksum: 3d098adb3ca4895cf32a9c546b301250 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-05 / Este trabalho pretende analisar o conceito de terrorismo a partir de uma perspectiva crítica. O desenvolvimento dos argumentos nele encontrados se dará através de uma análise histórica, especialmente voltada para quatro períodos que mereceram especial atenção: o Terror Jacobino da Revolução Francesa, os atentados praticados por anarquistas na virada do século XIX, a imprecisão conceitual do século XX e o pós 11 de setembro e as políticas estadunidenses da época, essencialmente a Guerra ao Terror. Partindo de um pressuposto metodológico de que é a história social e as relações de poder que os homens estabelecem em sociedade que pautam e determinam os conceitos, esta pesquisa ainda dialogará com outras noções de terrorismo que apareceram no debate de nosso tempo, com o intuito de, a partir desta síntese, fundamentar uma melhor percepção que ajude a explicar as principais inquietações que motivaram este esforço analítico. O argumento central que conduzirá toda a abordagem se fundamenta no caráter político da conceituação de terrorismo, que não é um conceito límpido, científico e frio, mas sim um dispositivo de poder político em disputa em cada determinada sociedade. / This research aims to exam the concept of terrorism in a critical perspective. The development of these arguments will be found through a historical analysis, especially focused on four eras that deserve special attention: the “Reign of Terror” of the French Revolution, the attacks perpetrated by anarchists in the last decade of the nineteenth century, the broad concept of terrorism in the twentieth century and post September 11 and the U.S. policies in the age of War on Terror. Our methodological assumption is that the social history and power relations among people whitin societies that determine and rule the concepts. This research will dialogue with different ideas of terrorism that emerged in the debate of our days, and from that, to create a basis for a better perception that helps explain the main concerns that motivated this analytical effort. The main argument that lead our whole approach is based on the political aspect of terrorism concept, which is not a cloudless, pure and scientific but a kind of device of political power that can be found in each particular society.

This essay deals with translation issues arising when translating a political newspaper article from Spanish into Swedish. The identified issues are strongly related to cultural differences between the culture of the source text and the culture of the target text. Thus, the aim of the study is to identify and explore how cultural references, political concepts and metaphors are translated in the following newspaper article, “Adiós clase media, adiós”. The study is partly based on a quantitative method, which shows that the four most common translation techniques in the present translation are the following: transposition, direct translation, couplet and established equivalent. However, the qualitative analysis, focusing on the social context and the cognitive processes of the translations, proves that several other strategies are useful when translating political concepts. Furthermore, the study verifies that it is necessary that the translator bears in mind that by using one strategy or another, he or she can influence the way the target text will be perceived by the receptor. Some translations are more faithful to the source text while others are more closely related to the target culture. Likewise, some are strongly influenced by the author or publisher and others by the translator’s own ideological purposes.