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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Polyurethanes plastic sheets and foams synthesized from aromatic triols

Dumont, Marie-Jose 06 1900 (has links)
Novel plastic sheets and foams from vegetable oil-based monomers were produced. These new polyurethanes were synthesized from aromatic polyols, with erucic acid as the starting material. These monomers have the unique feature of containing an aromatic ring which was hypothesized to improve the rigidity of the polyurethane matrices and the overall physical properties of the plastics and foams. The benefits of the aromatic ring were proposed to be enhanced due to three terminal primary hydroxyl groups within the structure of the polyols. Reactions to produce hexasubstituted benzene derivatives containing alcohol groups in positions 1,2,4- and 1,3,5- around the benzene ring were suitably scaled up to provide amounts necessary for polyurethane production and characterization. These isomers (asymmetric and symmetric triols) were separated using chromatography. The pure triols were crosslinked with 4,4-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) into polyurethanes sheets (asymmetric and symmetric polyurethane respectively). The physico-chemical properties of these PUs were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction,, differential scanning calorimetry dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile analysis. The asymmetric polyurethane sheet and the symmetric polyurethane sheet differed in their glass transition temperatures and crosslinking densities. This variation could be explained by the differences in crosslinking densities, related to the increase in steric hindrance between adjacent hydroxyl groups of the asymmetric triol monomers. It was found that both polyurethanes had similar mechanical and thermal properties. Due to the similar properties of the asymmetric polyurethane and symmetric polyurethane sheets, the monomers were combined together in order to synthesize PU foams. The physical properties of these foams were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and were analyzed for close cell content and compression strength. The effect of the benzene ring in the monomer structure on the physical properties of these new polyurethane foams was mainly compared with high density canola polyurethane foams previously investigated. It was demonstrated that the physical properties of polyurethane foams made with aromatic monomers are comparable to those made with aliphatic monomers when enhanced with glycerol. / Bioresource and Food Engineering
22

Polyurethanes plastic sheets and foams synthesized from aromatic triols

Dumont, Marie-Josée Unknown Date
No description available.
23

Genetic and pharmacological approaches to study the role of the polyol pathway enzymes in diabetic and ischemic retinopathy

Cheung, Kwok-ho, Alvin, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Also available in print.
24

Polyol pathway contributes to iron-induced oxidative damage in ischemia-reperfused rat hearts

Tang, Wai-ho, Jack. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available in print.
25

Polyol pathway contributes to hyperglycemia-induced cardiac dysfunction

Cheng, Wing-tim. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-111) Also available in print.
26

Novel Biobased Resins using Sucrose Esters of Plant Oils

Pan, Xiao January 2011 (has links)
Interest in using renewable raw materials to prepare biobased monomers, polymers, and materials is rapidly increasing. The goal of the research described is to develop branched polyesters of plant oil fatty acids, using different core pol yo ls (i.e. sucrose, dipentaerythritol, and tripentaerythritol) and plant oils (i.e. linseed, safflower, and soybean), into curing systems that have potential uses in applications such as coatings, composites, and adhesives. This study is mainly focused on the use of sucrose as the core polyol in the soyate resins. Sucrose esters and their derivatives have a compact structure, high density, and high functionality-double bonds, epoxides, or hydroxyls. When considering the use of sucrose ester compounds to form cross linked materials, the rigid core of sucrose can potentially impart hardness to the thermoset, and the high functionality can lead to rapid gelation and high cross link density. Thus, these novel biobased resins using sucrose esters of plant oils have the potential to be a significant advance in biobased resin technology, as well as to be competitive with the conventional petroleum-based resins.
27

One-pot catalytic reaction of crude glycerin for biopolyols and polyurethane foam production

Zhang, Xiang 25 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
28

Synthèse et évaluation des propriétés physico-chimiques de nouveaux hydrotropes biosourcés / Synthesis and evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of new biosourced hydrotropes

Herbinski, Aurélien 27 November 2017 (has links)
Les hydrotropes sont de petites molécules amphiphiles utilisées dans de nombreux domaines d'applications (détergence, extraction, solubilisation, etc …). Les hydrotropes sont principalement d'origine pétrosourcée et des molécules alternatives d'origine biosourcée ont été synthétisées selon des voies de synthèse éco-compatibles.Deux tétraols, l'érythritol et le pentaérythritol, ont été utilisés comme tête polaire. La partie apolaire est incorporée via une liaison éther car celle-ci est plus résistante en milieux salins. L'alkylation réductrice directe de dérivés carbonylés conduisant à des résultats non satisfaisants, une synthèse en deux étapes d'acétalisation puis d'hydrogénolyse a donc été développée, conduisant aux éthers de tétraols avec de bons rendements. Les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces éthers sont meilleures que celles d'hydrotropes standards, mais non suffisantes pour l'application visée. Ainsi, des éthers de glycérol fonctionnalisés par une fonction carboxylate ont été synthétisés. Une première étape d'alkylation réductrice permet d'accéder aux mono-éthers de glycérol. Une réaction en cascade d'acétalisation puis d'hydrogénolyse à partir de céto-esters permet de greffer la fonction carboxylate. L'alcool libre peut ensuite être méthylé à l'aide du phosphate de triméthyle. Cette méthode de méthylation a ensuite été étendue à de nombreux polyols (érythritol, glycérol, diglycérol, acide tartrique, etc …). Les produits de perméthylation sont obtenus avec de bons rendements, et le catalyseur acide est une résine recyclable / Hydrotropes are small amphiphilic molecules with applications in numerous fields such as extraction, detergency, solubilization, etc … Generally, hydrotropes are petrosourced, thereby biosourced alternatives molecules have been synthesized using eco-compatible synthesis.Two tetraols, erythritol and pentaerythritol, were used as polar head. Ethers bond was retained to link the two parts of the amphiphilic molecule due to its better resistance in saline media. Using carbonyl derivatives, the reductive alkylation didn’t allow to reach the corresponding ethers. A two-step strategy of acetalisation and hydrogenolysis was developed to reach good yields in ethers. The physico-chemical properties of these compounds are better than standard hydrotropes, but they are not sufficient for the targeted application. Thereby, functionalized glycerol ethers with a carboxylic acid have been synthesized. First, reductive alkylation led to glycerol mono-ethers in good yields. Then, acetalisation/hydrogenolysis cascade using ceto-ester enable the addition of carboxylic acid in good yields. Free hydroxyl group can be methylated using trimethylphosphate. This methylation process has been extended to other polyols (erythritol, pentaerythritol, glycerol, diglycerol, etc …). The permethylated products have been obtained in good yields, and the acid catalyst is a recyclable resin
29

Modélisation d’effets de solvant pour des réseaux réactionnels étendus de la biomasse en catalyse hétérogène / Modeling solvent effects for extended reaction networks of biomass derived compounds heterogeneous catalysis

Schweitzer, Benjamin 11 July 2018 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation multi-échelle des réactions en catalyse hétérogène de polyols sur une surface de platine 111, en phase aqueuse. Ce travail s’inscrit dans l’utilisation de la biomasse lignocellulosique. Les réseaux réactionnels issus du traitement de cette matière première sont très grands en taille, et en complexité. D’autre part, la nature même des molécules la composant impose une chimie en phase aqueuse. Il n’est donc pas possible de cartographier l’ensemble des ces chemins réactionnels avec des méthodes de calcul ab initio, tant les conditions aqueuses et le grand nombre de simulations que cela impliquerai demanderaient d’effort computationnel. Le changement d’échelle de simulation peut répondre à ce problème. Nous avons ainsi développé un modèle d’additivité par groupes permettant la prédiction des propriétés thermodynamiques de réactions de polyols sur platine 111 en phase aqueuse, à partir de la seule structure topologique des réactifs. Ce modèle a été construit sur un jeu de données issus de calculs en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité. Nous avons également étudié la cinétique de réactions de mêmes types, afin d’en prédire l’énergie d’activation à partir de leur thermodynamique. En parallèle, nous avons décrit l’influence de la micro-solvatation par rapport à un modèle de solvant implicite sur la réactivité d’alcools sur platine 111, ce qui couplé avec le modèle d’additivité par groupe permettra des simulations micro cinétiques complètes. Enfin, la réactivité des isomères du butanediol a été traitée afin de comprendre l’influence de l’espacement des fonctions alcools sur la réactivité d’un polyol. / This thesis focuses on multi scale simulations heterogeneous catalysis reactions of polyols on platinum (111) in aqueous phase. This work is about lignocellulosic biomass valorisation. The reaction networks raising from these materials are extremely large and complex. Also, the properties of the molecules forming this biomass make aqueous conditions mandatory. Ab initio methods as we know them forbids us to treat entire networks at the finest calculation level, the computational cost would be way beyond feasibility. Changing the simulation scale can tackle this problem. Thus, we developed a group additivity model assessing for thermochemical properties of polyols at a platinum (111) surface under aqueous conditions, with a topology as the only input. This model was built upon a density functional theory set. Kinetics of reactions was also covered, and the difference in terms of impact was investigated between implicit and explicit micro solvation models, in order to predict reaction barriers. The two models might be used together in order to feed a micro kinetic simulation, allowing a drastic decrease of reaction networks complexity. Finally, the influence on reactivity and selectivity, of hydroxyl groups on butanediol isomers was investigated.
30

Valorisation catalytique d’un acide carboxylique issu de l’industrie sucrière / Catalytic valorization of a carboxylic acid derived from sugarcane industry

Hneine, Waël 21 June 2016 (has links)
Ces travaux de thèse ont porté sur la conversion catalytique de l'acide aconitique (un co-produit de la filière canne à sucre) en molécules d'intérêt industriel. Par deux voies catalytiques. 1) Par catalyse homogène, hydrogénation de l'acide en polyols, a été étudiée dans un réacteur Batch à l'aide d'un complexe catalytique actif à base de Ru [Ru(acac)3/Triphos]. L'optimisation des différents paramètres réactionnels a été effectuée sur une réaction modèle, l'hydrogénation de l'acide succinique en 1,4-butanediol. Ultérieurement, ces conditions réactionnelles optimales ont été utilisées pour l'hydrogénation de l'acide aconitique et ont permis l'obtention d'un produit majoritaire, le 2-méthyl 1,4-butanediol. 2) Par catalyse hétérogène, la réaction d'hydro-cyclisation de l'acide aconitique en MTHF ou en lactones, a été réalisée en réacteur continue en présence de catalyseurs à base de cuivre en partant de solutions d'acide aconitique dans l'éthanol. Les conditions de test catalytiques et la synthèse du catalyseur ont été optimisées. Les caractéristiques des différents catalyseurs testés ont été réalisées en faisant recours à des techniques analytiques complémentaires (SBET, Analyse chimique, DRX, XPS et MET) afin de corréler les propriétés de surface à l'activité catalytique / This thesis is focused on the catalytic conversion of aconitic acid (a co-product of sugarcane industry) into molecules of industrial interest, by two catalytic ways. 1) By homogeneous catalysis, the acid hydrogenation into polyols, was carried out in a batch reactor using a Ru complex [Ru(acac)3/Triphos]. The various reaction parameters was optimized in the model reaction of hydrogenation of succinic acid into 1.4-butanediol. Subsequently, these optimal reaction conditions were used for the hydrogenation of aconitic acid and resulted to a predominant formation of 2-methyl 1,4-butanediol. 2) By heterogeneous catalysis, the hydro-cyclization reaction of aconitic acid into MTHF or lactones, was performed in a continuous reactor in the presence of copper catalysts, using aconitic acid solutions in ethanol as substrate. The different conditions of the catalytic test and catalyst synthesis was optimized. Furthermore, the different catalysts tested in this thesis work was characterized using complementary techniques (BET, Elementary analysis, XRD, XPS and TEM) in order to correlate the superficial properties to the catalytic activity

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