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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Vývoj experimentálního systému založeného na Cre/LoxP rekombinaci pro produkci polyomavirových mutant. / Development of the experimental system based on Cre/loxP recombination for polyomavirus mutant production.

Hron, Tomáš January 2013 (has links)
Murine polyomavirus is an important member of Polyomaviridae family offering potential applications in gene therapy and immunotherapy. Viral mutant analysis is crucial for study of the virus, however, commonly used methods of its production are laborious and give low yields. This thesis involves development of the new experimental system that can produce intact viral genome from recombinant plasmid in vivo using Cre/loxP-mediated recombination. One loxP site is unavoidably introduced into newly generated viral genome during recombination. Two variants of production plasmids generating wild type viral genome with incorporation of loxP between the poly(A) signal sites of early and late genes or into the intronic region of early genes were prepared. LoxP insertion between the poly(A) signal sites has a dramatic effect on viral gene expression and leads to complete loss of virus infectivity. Conversely, the infectious virus was obtained from the viral genome containing loxP site in the early intronic region. To ensure expression of Cre recombinase I also prepared stably transfected cell lines which can simplify the virus production. This thesis shows that newly designed system gives satisfactory yield of the virus, solves restrictions connected with commonly used methods and can be used for low infectious viral...
42

Detecção do DNA do Poliomavírus Humano JC em amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano de pacientes com AIDS e lesões não expansivas de substância branca do sistema nervoso central / Detection of human polyomavirus JC in cerebrospinal fluid samples from aids patients with non-expansive focal lesions of CNS white matter

Fink, Maria Cristina Domingues da Silva 25 March 2004 (has links)
Doenças neurológicas focais em pacientes com aids podem ser causadas por vários patógenos oportunistas. Dentre estas se inclui a encefalite por Toxoplasma gondii, os linfomas primários do sistema nervoso central causados pelo vírus Epstein-Barr, as encefalites virais (CMV, HSV, VZV) e a leucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva (LEMP), causada pelo vírus JC (VJC). O presente estudo teve por objetivos detectar o DNA do vírus JC em amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano de pacientes com aids e lesões não expansivas de substância branca do SNC, bem como caracterizar esses pacientes com relação ao número de células TCD4+, sexo, idade e ocorrência de outros diagnósticos etiológicos. A detecção do DNA do VJC foi realizada através da técnica de reação em cadeia por polimerase. O protocolo de PCR empregado, anteriormente descrito, utiliza um par de primers complementar à região precoce do vírus JC (antígeno T), resultando em um fragmento de 173 pb. Todas as amostras positivas foram submetidas a etapa posterior de tipagem com enzima de restrição Bam H1, resultando em dois fragmentos menores (120 e 53 pb), característicos do vírus JC. Com o intuito de estimar a sensibilidade da técnica empregada, um controle positivo qüantificável foi padronizado. O fragmento de 173 pb amplificado de uma das amostras de líquor estudadas foi inserido em plasmídio, e o recombinante obtido foi quantificado através de espectrofotometria, titulado e submetido a PCR. Através desta metodologia foi possível estimar que o teste é capaz de detectar a partir de 200 cópias/ µl. A especificidade do teste foi avaliada através da análise de amostras de líquor de pacientes com e sem aids e outros diagnósticos neurológicos, não compatíveis com LEMP. A pesquisa do DNA do vírus JC foi negativa em 119 de 120 amostras testadas, demonstrando uma especificidade de 99,17%. Foram incluídas no estudo 56 amostras de líquor de pacientes com lesão focal não expansiva de substância branca, compatível com LEMP, sendo positiva em 27/56 (48,2%) e negativa em 29/56 (51,8%). Em 23 dos 29 (79,3%) pacientes negativos para o vírus JC foi possível estabelecer um diagnóstico diferencial para os quadros encefalíticos: Toxoplasma gondii (nove casos), complexo cognitivo motor do HIV (CCMHIV) (cinco casos), tuberculose (três casos) e outros diagnósticos (oito casos). Em seis pacientes DNA-VJC negativos não houve um diagnóstico final. A caracterização da população avaliada, dividida em dois grupos, de acordo com o resultado da PCR (DNA-VJC positivo ou DNA-VJC negativo), não demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante no que diz respeito ao sexo ou idade. No grupo de pacientes DNA-VJC positivos, o número de células TCD4+ foi significativamente mais baixo. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram uma alta prevalência do DNA do VJC (48,2%) nesse grupo de pacientes. Foi possível concluir também que, em pacientes com aids e encefalite focal com lesões não expansivas de substância branca do sistema nervoso central, com PCR negativa para o VJC, é necessária uma investigação diagnóstica mais aprofundada já que a maioria desses casos apresenta outros agentes etiológicos, na maioria das vezes passíveis de tratamento. / Focal neurological diseases in aids patients can be caused by a range of opportunistic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, EBV-associated primary CNS lymphomas, viral encephalitis (CMV, HSV, VZV) and JC virus causing the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In the present study, we evaluated the detection of JC virus DNA in CSF samples from aids patients with white matter non-expansive lesions of CNS by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and characterize this finding in relation to the number of TCD4+, age, gender, and other etiological diagnosis. The primers used to amplify the T antigen region of JC virus resulted in a fragment of 173 base pairs. Since JC virus harbor a BAM H1 restriction site in this region, digestion of the PCR product with the enzyme resulted in two fragments of 120 and 53 base pairs, characteristic of JC virus. To estimate the sensitivity of the assay, the 173 bp fragment obtained from one of the samples was inserted into a plasmid and the recombinant quantified by spectrophotometry. The sensitivity of the PCR was 200 copies / µL. The specificity of the assay was evaluated in CSF samples from patients with and without aids and other neurological conditions, not suggestive of PML. The PCR resulted negative in 119 of the 120 CSF samples tested showing a specificity of 99,17%. In 56 CSF samples from patients with neurological symptoms and radiological signs of PML, JC virus was detected in 27 (48.2%) by PCR. In 23 of the remaining 29 patients (79.3%) other neurological conditions were diagnosed: T. gondii encephalitis (9 cases), HIV encephalitis (5 cases), tuberculosis (3 cases) and other diagnosis (8 cases). In six patients no neurological disease diagnosis could be established. In the group of patients characterized as JC virus-DNA positive the mean number of TCD4+ was significantly lower as compared to the JC virus-DNA negative patients. No statistical difference was seen in relation to gender or age distribution between the two groups. The results of the present study demonstrated a high prevalence of JC virus DNA (48,2%) in patients with clinical and radiological signs of PML. We concluded that the polymerase chain reaction for JC-virus DNA detection can represent an advance in the diagnosis of PML. aids patients with non-expansive focal lesions of CNS white matter and JC virus-DNA negative by PCR probably have other treatable neurological conditions that must be extensively investigated.
43

Determinação da incidência e caracterização molecular do poliomavírus humano BK em pacientes submetidos a transplante renal / Incidence and molecular characterization of human polyomavirus BK in patients undergoing renal transplantation

Oliveira, Renato dos Reis 08 April 2013 (has links)
Atualmente é reconhecida a importância clínica dos poliomavírus, especialmente a morbidade relacionada à infecção por BKV em pacientes submetidos a transplante renal. Apesar de já bem estabelecidas no exterior, existem em nosso meio poucas informações disponíveis sobre a incidência do poliomavirus BK nestes pacientes. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi o de determinar a incidência do poliomavírus BK em amostras sequenciais de urina e plasma de pacientes submetidos a transplante renal da Unidade de Transplante Renal do HC-FMUSP. Outros objetivos foram a genotipagem dos vírus circulantes, o sequenciamento da região VP1 do vírus para avaliar se a origem da infecção no receptor é oriunda do doador e ainda a investigação se rearranjos na região NCCR do BKV estariam associados a evolução para viremia. Os resultados mostraram que a densidade de incidência do BKV em receptores de transplante renal é de 8,1 casos de viruria por 100 receptores/mês e, entre os receptores virúricos, a densidade de incidência de viremia foi de 3,5 casos observados por cada 100 receptores/mês. A distribuição dos genótipos do BKV entre os receptores mostrou predomínio do genótipo I, em sua maioria pertencentes ao subgrupo Ia. Foram identificados os genótipos III e IV, considerados raros no exterior. A origem da infecção pelo BKV parece não ser exclusiva do doador, podendo estar relacionada à reativação de vírus do próprio receptor. Houve predomínio das formas arquetípicas de NCCR do BKV no sangue, sugerindo que formas rearranjadas do vírus não são uma condição para evolução para viremia. Outros estudos que incluam a análise sorológica, imunossupressão e dados clínicos devem ser elaborados para sustentar tais resultados / Currently, the clinical importance of polyomaviruses, especially the morbidity related to BKV infection in renal transplant patients, is well recognized. Although established abroad, in Brazil there is a lack of information available about the incidence of polyomavirus BK in these patients. The main objective of this study was to determine the incidence of BK polyomavirus in sequential samples of urine and plasma of patients undergoing renal transplantation at the Renal Transplant Unit of HCFMUSP. Other objectives were genotyping of circulating viruses, sequencing of VP1 region of the virus to assess the source of BKV infection from the donor and determine if BKV NCCR gene rearrangements would be associated with progression to viremia. The results showed that the incidence of BKV viruria in kidney transplant recipients was 8.1 cases per 100 receptors/month and, within the positive viruria receptors, the incidence of viremia was 3.5 cases per 100 receptors/month. The distribution of genotypes of BKV among recipients showed a predominance of genotype I, mostly belonging to subgroup Ia. Genotypes III and IV, which are considered rare abroad, were identified. The origin of BKV infection seems not to be exclusively from donor, and may be related to reactivation of BKV from the receptor. There was a predominance of archetypal forms of the NCCR BKV in the blood, suggesting that rearranged forms of the virus are not a mandatory condition for progress to viremia. Other studies including a serological analysis, immunosuppressant schedules and clinical data should be undertaken to sustain such results
44

Determinação da incidência e caracterização molecular do poliomavírus humano BK em pacientes submetidos a transplante renal / Incidence and molecular characterization of human polyomavirus BK in patients undergoing renal transplantation

Renato dos Reis Oliveira 08 April 2013 (has links)
Atualmente é reconhecida a importância clínica dos poliomavírus, especialmente a morbidade relacionada à infecção por BKV em pacientes submetidos a transplante renal. Apesar de já bem estabelecidas no exterior, existem em nosso meio poucas informações disponíveis sobre a incidência do poliomavirus BK nestes pacientes. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi o de determinar a incidência do poliomavírus BK em amostras sequenciais de urina e plasma de pacientes submetidos a transplante renal da Unidade de Transplante Renal do HC-FMUSP. Outros objetivos foram a genotipagem dos vírus circulantes, o sequenciamento da região VP1 do vírus para avaliar se a origem da infecção no receptor é oriunda do doador e ainda a investigação se rearranjos na região NCCR do BKV estariam associados a evolução para viremia. Os resultados mostraram que a densidade de incidência do BKV em receptores de transplante renal é de 8,1 casos de viruria por 100 receptores/mês e, entre os receptores virúricos, a densidade de incidência de viremia foi de 3,5 casos observados por cada 100 receptores/mês. A distribuição dos genótipos do BKV entre os receptores mostrou predomínio do genótipo I, em sua maioria pertencentes ao subgrupo Ia. Foram identificados os genótipos III e IV, considerados raros no exterior. A origem da infecção pelo BKV parece não ser exclusiva do doador, podendo estar relacionada à reativação de vírus do próprio receptor. Houve predomínio das formas arquetípicas de NCCR do BKV no sangue, sugerindo que formas rearranjadas do vírus não são uma condição para evolução para viremia. Outros estudos que incluam a análise sorológica, imunossupressão e dados clínicos devem ser elaborados para sustentar tais resultados / Currently, the clinical importance of polyomaviruses, especially the morbidity related to BKV infection in renal transplant patients, is well recognized. Although established abroad, in Brazil there is a lack of information available about the incidence of polyomavirus BK in these patients. The main objective of this study was to determine the incidence of BK polyomavirus in sequential samples of urine and plasma of patients undergoing renal transplantation at the Renal Transplant Unit of HCFMUSP. Other objectives were genotyping of circulating viruses, sequencing of VP1 region of the virus to assess the source of BKV infection from the donor and determine if BKV NCCR gene rearrangements would be associated with progression to viremia. The results showed that the incidence of BKV viruria in kidney transplant recipients was 8.1 cases per 100 receptors/month and, within the positive viruria receptors, the incidence of viremia was 3.5 cases per 100 receptors/month. The distribution of genotypes of BKV among recipients showed a predominance of genotype I, mostly belonging to subgroup Ia. Genotypes III and IV, which are considered rare abroad, were identified. The origin of BKV infection seems not to be exclusively from donor, and may be related to reactivation of BKV from the receptor. There was a predominance of archetypal forms of the NCCR BKV in the blood, suggesting that rearranged forms of the virus are not a mandatory condition for progress to viremia. Other studies including a serological analysis, immunosuppressant schedules and clinical data should be undertaken to sustain such results
45

Detecção do DNA do Poliomavírus Humano JC em amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano de pacientes com AIDS e lesões não expansivas de substância branca do sistema nervoso central / Detection of human polyomavirus JC in cerebrospinal fluid samples from aids patients with non-expansive focal lesions of CNS white matter

Maria Cristina Domingues da Silva Fink 25 March 2004 (has links)
Doenças neurológicas focais em pacientes com aids podem ser causadas por vários patógenos oportunistas. Dentre estas se inclui a encefalite por Toxoplasma gondii, os linfomas primários do sistema nervoso central causados pelo vírus Epstein-Barr, as encefalites virais (CMV, HSV, VZV) e a leucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva (LEMP), causada pelo vírus JC (VJC). O presente estudo teve por objetivos detectar o DNA do vírus JC em amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano de pacientes com aids e lesões não expansivas de substância branca do SNC, bem como caracterizar esses pacientes com relação ao número de células TCD4+, sexo, idade e ocorrência de outros diagnósticos etiológicos. A detecção do DNA do VJC foi realizada através da técnica de reação em cadeia por polimerase. O protocolo de PCR empregado, anteriormente descrito, utiliza um par de primers complementar à região precoce do vírus JC (antígeno T), resultando em um fragmento de 173 pb. Todas as amostras positivas foram submetidas a etapa posterior de tipagem com enzima de restrição Bam H1, resultando em dois fragmentos menores (120 e 53 pb), característicos do vírus JC. Com o intuito de estimar a sensibilidade da técnica empregada, um controle positivo qüantificável foi padronizado. O fragmento de 173 pb amplificado de uma das amostras de líquor estudadas foi inserido em plasmídio, e o recombinante obtido foi quantificado através de espectrofotometria, titulado e submetido a PCR. Através desta metodologia foi possível estimar que o teste é capaz de detectar a partir de 200 cópias/ µl. A especificidade do teste foi avaliada através da análise de amostras de líquor de pacientes com e sem aids e outros diagnósticos neurológicos, não compatíveis com LEMP. A pesquisa do DNA do vírus JC foi negativa em 119 de 120 amostras testadas, demonstrando uma especificidade de 99,17%. Foram incluídas no estudo 56 amostras de líquor de pacientes com lesão focal não expansiva de substância branca, compatível com LEMP, sendo positiva em 27/56 (48,2%) e negativa em 29/56 (51,8%). Em 23 dos 29 (79,3%) pacientes negativos para o vírus JC foi possível estabelecer um diagnóstico diferencial para os quadros encefalíticos: Toxoplasma gondii (nove casos), complexo cognitivo motor do HIV (CCMHIV) (cinco casos), tuberculose (três casos) e outros diagnósticos (oito casos). Em seis pacientes DNA-VJC negativos não houve um diagnóstico final. A caracterização da população avaliada, dividida em dois grupos, de acordo com o resultado da PCR (DNA-VJC positivo ou DNA-VJC negativo), não demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante no que diz respeito ao sexo ou idade. No grupo de pacientes DNA-VJC positivos, o número de células TCD4+ foi significativamente mais baixo. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram uma alta prevalência do DNA do VJC (48,2%) nesse grupo de pacientes. Foi possível concluir também que, em pacientes com aids e encefalite focal com lesões não expansivas de substância branca do sistema nervoso central, com PCR negativa para o VJC, é necessária uma investigação diagnóstica mais aprofundada já que a maioria desses casos apresenta outros agentes etiológicos, na maioria das vezes passíveis de tratamento. / Focal neurological diseases in aids patients can be caused by a range of opportunistic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, EBV-associated primary CNS lymphomas, viral encephalitis (CMV, HSV, VZV) and JC virus causing the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In the present study, we evaluated the detection of JC virus DNA in CSF samples from aids patients with white matter non-expansive lesions of CNS by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and characterize this finding in relation to the number of TCD4+, age, gender, and other etiological diagnosis. The primers used to amplify the T antigen region of JC virus resulted in a fragment of 173 base pairs. Since JC virus harbor a BAM H1 restriction site in this region, digestion of the PCR product with the enzyme resulted in two fragments of 120 and 53 base pairs, characteristic of JC virus. To estimate the sensitivity of the assay, the 173 bp fragment obtained from one of the samples was inserted into a plasmid and the recombinant quantified by spectrophotometry. The sensitivity of the PCR was 200 copies / µL. The specificity of the assay was evaluated in CSF samples from patients with and without aids and other neurological conditions, not suggestive of PML. The PCR resulted negative in 119 of the 120 CSF samples tested showing a specificity of 99,17%. In 56 CSF samples from patients with neurological symptoms and radiological signs of PML, JC virus was detected in 27 (48.2%) by PCR. In 23 of the remaining 29 patients (79.3%) other neurological conditions were diagnosed: T. gondii encephalitis (9 cases), HIV encephalitis (5 cases), tuberculosis (3 cases) and other diagnosis (8 cases). In six patients no neurological disease diagnosis could be established. In the group of patients characterized as JC virus-DNA positive the mean number of TCD4+ was significantly lower as compared to the JC virus-DNA negative patients. No statistical difference was seen in relation to gender or age distribution between the two groups. The results of the present study demonstrated a high prevalence of JC virus DNA (48,2%) in patients with clinical and radiological signs of PML. We concluded that the polymerase chain reaction for JC-virus DNA detection can represent an advance in the diagnosis of PML. aids patients with non-expansive focal lesions of CNS white matter and JC virus-DNA negative by PCR probably have other treatable neurological conditions that must be extensively investigated.
46

Concepts in DNA immunization : overcoming viral diversity and enhancing plasmid immunogenicity /

Rollman, Erik, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
47

Marqueurs pronostiques dans une cohorte historico-prospective de carcinomes de Merkel / Prognostic markers in a historical prospective cohort of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma

Samimi, Mahtab 27 January 2016 (has links)
Le carcinome de Merkel est un cancer cutané de différenciation neuroendocrine rare, mais agressif, dont le facteur étiologique principal est le polyomavirus de Merkel (MCPyV). L’objectif de ce travail a été d’identifier des marqueurs virologiques et cellulaires pronostiques ou théranostiques à l’aide d’une cohorte historicoprospective de patients ayant un carcinome de Merkel. Les patients ayant des titres élevés d’anticorps dirigés contre la protéine de capside VP1 du MCPyV ont un pronostic favorable, tandis les anticorps dirigés contre les oncoprotéines virales reflètent l’évolution tumorale. Par ailleurs, il existe une hétérogénéité d’expression des récepteurs à la somatostatine dans les carcinomes de Merkel. Ce marqueur cellulaire peut constituer un outil théranostique lors de thérapies ciblées utilisant les analogues de la somatostatine. Enfin, nos travaux actuels portent sur l’évaluation de l’immunité cellulaire chez ces patients, avec une étude ayant montré la valeur pronostique du ratio neutrophiles/lymphocytes sanguin. / Merkel Cell Carcinoma is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. The Merkel cell polymavirus has been identified as the main etiological agent of such cancer. We aimed to identify viral and cellular markers relevant as prognostic and theranostic tools in patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Using serological immunoassays, we observed that patients with high levels of serum antibodies against the MCPyV major capsid protein at baseline had better outcomes, whereas antibodies directed against the MCPyV oncoproteins reflected the tumor burden and course of disease. We also demonstrated that Merkel Cell Carcinoma tumors displayed a heterogeneous expression of receptors to somatostatin, which could constitute a theranostic tool for the use of targeted therapies using somatostatin analogs. Finally, current studies focus on the assessment of cellular immunity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma patients. Our results indicate that the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent marker of mortality in Merkel Cell Carcinoma patients.
48

Vliv posttranslačních modifikací minoritních proteinů a acetylace mikrotubulů na průběh infekce myším polyomavirem / The role of posttranslational modifications of minor proteins and acetylation of microtubules in mouse polyomavirus infection

Mariničová, Zuzana January 2017 (has links)
Mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) capsid is composed of the main capsid protein VP1 and minor capsid proteins VP2 and VP3. Minor proteins are not essential capsid assembly, but they are key for efficient viral infection. The first part of this thesis studies the modifications of VP2 and VP3, the deamidation of Asn at 253 of VP2 (137 of VP3) and N-terminal acetylation of Ala of VP3, which could be the cause of double bands for VP2 and VP3 on SDS-PAGE. Mutated genomes of MPyV N253D (Asn to Asp) and N253E (Asn to Glu) simulating deamidation and A117V (Ala to Val) with reduced acetylation were prepared previously. We prepared three isolations of the mutant viruses and we confirmed that the deamidation is the cause of the double bands. Mutant viruses were compared to the wild type in terms of efficiency of infection, but the role of deamidation could not be proven. Virus A117V is noninfectious either due to lowered acetylation or the substitution of amino acid at this position. This thesis also studies the role of -tubulin acetylation in the infection of MPyV. The role of -tubulin acetylation in viral infection is being investigated to find new antiviral strategies. Acetylation rises after MPyV infection, but this is not due to a change in mRNA expression of tubulin acetylating (TAT1) or deacetylating enzyme...
49

Příprava polyomavirových nanostruktur pro diagnostiku BK virových infekcí / Preparation of polyomaviral nanostructures for diagnostics of BK virus infections

Sekavová, Alžběta January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
50

Chemicky modifikované částice z myšího polyomaviru a jejich interakce s membránově vázaným nádorovým antigenem specifickým pro prostatu (PSMA) / Chemically modified Murine Polyomavirus-like particles and their interaction with Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)

Blažková, Kristýna January 2014 (has links)
Prostate cancer is one of the most abundant types of cancer among men and the demand for a specific treatment is very high. In this thesis, I have focused on using Glutamate Carboxypepti- dase II (GCPII), as a target for a proof-of-principle delivery system. GCPII is a transmembrane protein that internalizes after a binding of a ligand and is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Virus-like particles from Murine polyomavirus (VLPs) are a suitable nanocarrier for the delivery of imaging agents and drugs. Here I describe modifying these VLPs with inhibitors of GCPII and fluorescent dyes and characterize their binding to GCPII on surface plasmon resonance and to cells expressing GCPII on confocal microscopy. VLPs carrying a GCPII inhibitor show specific binding to GCPII on surface plasmon reso- nance, however they bind non-specifically to cells that don't express GCPII. Several approaches have been tried to avoid that. The substitution of BC loop on the exterior surface of VLPs that is partially responsible for the binding of sialic acid did not seem to affect specificity on cells. Another approach tested was coating of the wild-type VLPs with large polymer carrying a flu- orescent label and a GCPII inhibitor. After the conjugation of the polymer to the VLP, specific binding and internalization in GCPII-positive...

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