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The work reported in this thesis involves the synthesis of a series of monometallic and polymetallic complexes incorporating the tridentate polypyridyl bridging ligand tpp (where tpp = 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine) and an investigation of their ground and excited state properties. A series of ruthenium monometallic chromophore complexes has been prepared varying the ligands coordinated on the metal center. The systematic alteration of the ligands has enhanced the understanding of the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of ruthenium polypyridyl tridentate complexes. In contrast to [Ru(tpy)₂]²⁺ (where tpy = 2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine), these monometallic complexes and many of the polymetallic systems emit in solution at room temperature. Methylation of one of the remote pyridine nitrogens on tpp has been accomplished forming a covalently coupled viologen that can potentially function as an electron acceptor. Two classes of synthetically useful bimetallic complexes of the form [(tpy)M(tpp)RuCl₃]⁺ and [(tpy)M(tpp)Ru(tpp)]⁴⁺ have been prepared (where M = Ru(II) or Os(II)). Synthetic methods have been developed for the stepwise construction of tpp bridged systems by a building block approach. In all bimetallic complexes, the tpp bridging ligand is the site of localization of the LUMO. In the [(tpy)M(tpp)RuCl₃]⁺ systems, the ruthenium metal coordinated to tpp and three chlorides is the easiest to oxidize and is the site of localization of the HOMO. In contrast, for the [(tpy)M(tpp)Ru(tpp)]⁴⁺ systems, the HOMO is localized on the metal being varied, either Ru or Os. This gives rise to complexes which possess a lowest lying excited state that is always a MLCT state involving tpp but can be tuned to involve Ru or Os metal centers. Bimetallic systems that incorporate this tpp ligand have long lived excited states in solution at room temperature (t >100 ns). The bimetallic complex [(tpy)Ru(tpp)IrCl₃]²⁺ has been studied and shown to be an electrocatalyst for the reduction of CO₂ to CO and formate. The synthesis of the monometallic complexes has advanced the understanding of the ground and excited state properties of tridentate compounds. Incorporation of these complexes into bimetallic systems has aided in the understanding of the perturbations of these properties that occur upon formation of a polymetallic system. / Ph. D.

This thesis reports the design, synthesis, optical resolution of polypyridyl metal complexes and their molecular recognition of DNA. These metal complexes have been synthesised to bind DNA intercalation in a sequence selective manner. Modifications have manipulated the intercalative segments to bind to DNA in a rigid fashion by appending chemical groups directly to the aromatic extensions of the fragment. Also the ancillary non-intercalative ligands comprised of either bidentates or tetradentates, have been specifically chosen to deliver appended groups along the DNA sugar phosphate backbone, for hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Classical and chromatographic separation methods were investigated to separate the optical isomers of these ruthenium (II) complexes. A liquid recycling chromatography system was most successfully employed. Stereoselective synthesis was also investigated. Ultimately, it has been shown that the systematic modification of simple metal complexes is a useful method in determining the interactions of simple metal for nucleic acids. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Les complexes de ruthénium à ligand nitrosyle sont très connus pour posséder des propriétés photochromes qui résultent des changements de coordination du fragment Ru-NO sous irradiation à basse température. Ce phénomène comporte de nombreuses applications telles que le stockage optique de données. Ces complexes ont aussi la capacité de délivrer l'oxyde nitrique de manière photo-contrôlée. Cela présente un grand intérêt car NO est impliqué dans de très nombreuses réactions physiologiques. Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des facteurs qui influencent les propriétés photochromes et la photolibération de NO dans les complexes de nitrosyle de ruthénium avec des ligands pyridine ou bipyridine. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse se concentre sur une étude bibliographique approfondie. Dans le second chapitre, la synthèse et la caractérisation des complexes de nitrosyle de ruthénium avec des ligands pyridine de formule trans(X, NO)-[Ru(R-py)4XNO](PF6)2 (R-py = pyridine, 4-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-vinylpyridine, 3- carboxaldéhydepyridine et 4-chloropyridine, X= Cl, Br, I ou OH) sont étudiés. Dans le troisième chapitre, la synthèse et la caractérisation des complexes de ruthénium nitrosyle avec le ligand bipyridine de formule cis(X, NO)-[Ru(L)2XNO] Y2, (L= 2,2'-bipyridine ou 4,4'-diméthyl-2,2'-bipyridine, X= Cl, NO2 ou Br, Y= PF6 ou Br) sont discutés. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous présentons les résultats sur l'étude de photoisomérisation des complexes présentés dans les chapitres précédents. La conversion Ru-NO/Ru-ON est estimée par spectroscopie infrarouge après irradiation par une lumière bleue à basse température à l'état solide. Le taux de population Ru-NO/Ru-ON varie entre 1 et 76%. Nous avons étudié les effets de la position cis/trans et de la nature du ligand par rapport au nitrosyle, des substituants (groupe donneur ou attracteur d'électrons) sur le ligand pyridine ou bipyridine sur la réponse photochrome. Des calculs théoriques par DFT ont permis de rendre compte des propriétés photochromes différentes entre le complexe parent avec un ligand pyridine et le ligand 4-chloropyridine. Le cinquième chapitre est consacré à l'étude de la photolibération de NO. Le rendement quantique (NO) se trouve dans la gamme 0.2-0.7. Le test de Griess a confirmé le relargage de NO. / We are interested in the photoactive properties of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes. Ruthenium nitrosyl complexes are well known to possess photochromic properties which arise from the coordination changes of Ru-NO under irradiation at low temperature. This phenomenon has many applications such as high optical data storage and sensors. Ruthenium nitrosyl complexes are also very promising candidates because the photochemical delivery of bioactive small molecules such as nitric oxide (NO•) from ruthenium nitrosyl complexes presents the possibility of controlling the location, timing and dosage of NO• to physiological targets. Nitric oxide photorelease have gained wide attention after the discovery of several nitric oxide physiological functions and its involvement in different cellular processes. This thesis was devoted to studying the factors which affect the photochromic properties and NO photorelease in ruthenium nitrosyl complexes with pyridyl or bipyridyl based ligands. The first chapter of this thesis focuses on a survey of the literature related to both photoisomerization and photorelease phenomena. In chapter 2, the synthesis and characterization of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes with pyridyl based ligands with the formula trans(X,NO)-[Ru(R-py)4XNO](PF6)2, (where R-py is pyridine, 4-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-vinylpyridine, 3-carboxaldhydepyridine and 4-chloropyridine, X=Cl, Br, I or OH) are discussed. In chapter 3, the synthesis and characterization of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes with bipyridyl based ligand with formula cis(X,NO)-[Ru(L)2XNO]Y2, (L= 2,2'-bipyridine or 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, X=Cl, NO2 or Br, Y=PF6 or Br) are discussed. In chapter 4, we present the results of our investigations of nitrosyl ligand photoisomerization in Ru-NO with pyridyl and bipyridyl ligands. The conversion of Ru-NO to Ru-ON conformation was estimated by infrared spectroscopy upon irradiation by blue light at low temperature in the solid state. The values are ranged between 1-76%. We studied the effects of cis/trans ligand position to nitrosyl and the nature of substituents on pyridine or bipyridine ligand (electron donating or withdrawing group). We used theoretical calculations (DFT) to explain the different photochromic properties between parent complex with a pyridine ligand and 4-chloropyridine ligand. The fifth chapter is devoted to the study of NO photorelease. The quantum yield (NO) was estimated in the range of 0.2-0.7. Griess test was used to confirm NO delivery.

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Karina Passalacqua Morelli Frin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Química, 2014. / Este trabalho trata das propriedades dos compostos polipiridinicos fosforescentes fac-[ReCl(CO)3(NN)], fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(NN)]+, em que NN = 4,7-difenil-1,10-fenantrolina (ph2phen) ou 4,7-dicloro-1,10-fenantrolina (Cl2phen) e py = piridina. Os compostos foram sintetizados, purificados, caracterizados por meio da ressonancia magnetica nuclear de protons, 1H NMR, espectroscopias UV-visivel e na regiao do infravermelho e as propriedades eletroquimicas e fotofisicas foram investigadas. As frequencias de estiramento das carbonilas dos compostos fac-[ReCl(CO)3(ph2phen)] (2020, 1912, 1878 cm-1), fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(ph2phen)]+ (2029, 1905 cm-1), fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)] (2022, 1883 cm-1) e fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(Cl2phen)]+ (2030, 1913 cm-1) estao em acordo com a geometria facial dos complexos de renio(I) e os deslocamentos nas posicoes dos picos para frequencias mais altas sustentam o maior efeito retirador de eletrons do ligante coordenado Cl2phen quando comparado ao ph2phen. Nos espectros eletronicos na regiao do UV-visivel dos compostos fac-[ReCl(CO)3(NN)] foram observadas duas regioes principais: uma de mais alta energia, atribuida a ILNN, e uma de menor energia, atribuida a MLCTRe¨NN. Para os compostos fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(NN)]+, atribui-se ainda uma regiao ILpy e MLCTRe¨py. Os compostos apresentam emissao em solucao e em meio polimerico, que e atribuida ao estado excitado de transferencia de carga do metal para o ligante polipiridinico (3MLCTRe¨NN), NN = ph2phen ou Cl2phen, de menor energia. A energia do estado excitado de transferencia de carga (MLCT) dos compostos podem ser modificadas em funcao do ligante axial, do substituinte da fenantrolina e do meio. A energia do maximo de emissao e deslocada para a regiao de mais baixa energia com grupos retiradores de eletrons na fenantrolina, fac-[ReCl(CO)3(ph2phen)] (¿Émax = 615 nm), fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)] (¿Émax = 640) nm, fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(ph2phen)]+( ¿Émax = 570 nm), fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(Cl2phen)]+ (¿Émax = 590 nm) quando comparada a fenantrolina nao substituida, fac-[ReCl(CO)3(phen)] (¿Émax = 600 nm) e fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(phen)]+ (¿Émax = 550 nm) . Nos experimentos de tempos de vida de emissao para os compostos fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)] e fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(Cl2phen)]+ foram encontrados os valores, 1,46 ¿Ês e 1,43 ¿Ês, que sao consistentes com estados emissores que apresentam carater triplete. Para o fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)] foi encontrado um segundo tempo de vida de emissao, 30 ns, que pode ser atribuido a um segundo estado emissor de carater singlete. O composto fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)] apresentou processos de oxidacao, Re(I)¨(II), a Epa = +1,77 V (vs NHE), e reducao, (Cl2phen)¨(Cl2phen*-), a Epc = -1,1 V (vs NHE), em CH2Cl2, e os niveis de energia do highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) e do lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) calculados iguais a . 6,2 V e - 2,9 V, respectivamente, e comparados aos do PVK.As características eletroquímicas e de emissão, tais como comprimentos de onda, rendimentos quânticos e tempos de vida de emissão do fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)], indicam uma potencial aplicação em dispositivos OLEDs. / This work deals with fundamental properties of the phosphorescent polypyridyl complexes fac-[ReCl(CO)3(NN)], fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(NN)]+, NN = 4,7-diphenil-1,10-phenanthroline (ph2phen) or Cl2phen = 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Cl2phen) and py = pyridine. The compounds were synthesized, purified and characterized by 1H NMR, UV-vis and IR spectroscopies and both photophysical and electrochemical behaviors have been investigated. The CO stretching frequencies of fac-[ReCl(CO)3(ph2phen)] (2020, 1912, 1878 cm-1), fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(ph2phen)]+ (2029, 1905 cm-1), fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)] (2022, 1883 cm-1) and fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(Cl2phen)]+ (2030, 1913 cm-1) compounds were in accordance with facial geometry of the rhenium complexes and the shifts in peak position to higher frequencies support a better electron-withdrawing character of the coordinated Cl2phen ligand when compared to the ph2phen analog compound. The electronic absorption spectra of the compounds fac-[ReCl(CO)3(NN)] exhibit two main absorption bands: the higher energy band, which was assigned to ILNN, and the lower energy band, assigned to MLCTRe¨NN. The fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(NN)]+ complexes exhibited also a region assigned to an ILpy and MLCTRe¨py transitions. Complexes showed emission in both solution and rigid media, arising from the lowest lying metal to ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) excited state. The energy of the metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state of the complexes changed as NN and axial ligand and medium is varied. The energy of the emission maximum was red shift when electron withdrawing substituents were attached at phenanthroline, fac-[ReCl(CO)3(ph2phen)] (¿Émax = 615 nm), fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)] (¿Émax = 640) nm, fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(ph2phen)]+( ¿Émax = 570 nm), fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(Cl2phen)]+ (¿Émax = 590 nm) compared to that phenantroline not replaced, fac-[ReCl(CO)3(phen)] (¿Émax = 600 nm) and fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(phen)]+ (¿Émax = 550 nm). The emission lifetimes measurements of fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)] and fac-[Re(py)(CO)3(Cl2phen)]+ were obtained, 1,46 ¿Ês and 1,43 ¿Ês, and were consistent with a triplet character emitting state. For the fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)], was found a second lifetime, 30 ns, that suggest a second emitting excited state which has singlet character. The compound fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)] showed oxidation, Re(I)¨(II), Epa = +1,78 V (vs NHE), and reduction, (Cl2phen) ¨ (Cl2phen*-), Epc = - 1,1 V (vs NHE), processes, in CH2Cl2, and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the compound were calculated . 6.2 V and . 2.9 V, respectively, and compared to PVK. The electrochemical and emission characteristics such as wavelength, quantum yields and lifetimes fac-[ReCl(CO)3(Cl2phen)], indicate a potential application in OLEDs devices.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Karina Passalacqua Morelli Frin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência & Tecnologia - Química, 2014. / Neste trabalho, foram estudadas as propriedades fotofisicas de alguns compostos de coordenacao de renio(I), fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)L]0/+1 (NN = 2,2f-bipiridina ou 2,2f-bipirimidina; L = Cloreto (Cl-), piridina (py), 2-aminometilpiridina (ampy) ou 2-fenilpiridina (phpy), e [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl]. Os compostos sintetizados foram caracterizados quanto as suas propriedades na espectroscopia de ressonancia magnetica nuclear de 1H (1H RMN), absorcao e emissao na regiao do Ultravioleta- Visivel (UV-Vis) e espectroscopia na regiao do Infravermelho (IV). Os espectros eletronicos de absorcao na regiao de UV-Vis evidenciaram que os compostos sintetizados apresentaram altos valores na absortividade molar (na ordem de 104 L.mol-1.cm-1) e exibiram na regiao analisada transicoes intraligante (1IL¿Î¨¿Î*) do ligante polipiridinico e do ligante piridinico e transicoes de transferencia de carga metal-ligante (1MLCTRe¨NN). Para o composto binuclear de renio(I), [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl], observou-se uma prolongamento da banda de absorcao, isto e, o composto absorve radiacao visivel ate aproximadamente 600 nm.. Os espectros de emissao dos compostos fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]0/+1 (L = Cl, py, ampy ou phpy) apresentaram uma banda larga e nao estruturada, sendo que o estado excitado 3MLCTRe¨bpy e o responsavel pela emissao. O composto fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)Cl] apresentou em diclorometano (CH2Cl2) uma emissao maxima em 612 nm e 0,005 de rendimento quantico, enquanto que os compostos fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]+1 (py, ampy ou phpy) apresentaram a emissao em 548, 558, 526 nm e rendimento quantico de 0,216, 0,078, 0,254, respectivamente. Portanto, a substituicao do ligante cloro pelo ligante piridinico provoca um deslocamento hipsocromico da emissao e tambem a um aumento. no rendimento quantico, tendo em vista que o ligante cloro reduz a eficiencia do cruzamento intersistema. Os compostos fac-[Re(CO)3(bpm)Cl] e [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl] apresentaram uma emissao relativamente baixa em diferentes solventes, na ordem de 10-4. Enquanto que o estado responsavel pela emissao do composto mononuclear e 3MLCTRe¨bpm, por outro lado quando ocorre a coordenacao com outro atomo de renio, [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl], existe a desestabilizacao deste estado, tendo assim, o estado excitado 3ILbpm responsavel pela emissao. O estado excitado de mais baixa energia 3MLCT para os compostos fac-[Re(CO)3(bpm)Cl] e fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]+, (L= py, ampy ou phpy) e os diferentes valores observados em meios rigidos confirmaram a sensibilidade do estado excitado a rigidez do meio, observou-se o efeito rigidocromico. Consequentemente, estes compostos podem ser utilizados no desenvolvimento de dispositivos moleculares. / In this work, it were studied the photophysical properties of some coordination compounds of rhenium(I), fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)L]0/+1 (NN = 2,2'- bipyridine, bpy, or 2,2'-bipyrimidine, bpm; L = chloride (Cl), pyridine (py), 2-aminomethylpyridine (ampy) or 2 -phenylpyridine (phpy), and [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl]]. The synthesized compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 1H (1H NMR), absorption and emission in the Ultraviolet- Visible region (UV - VIS) and spectroscopy in infrared region (IR). The electronic absorption spectra in the UV-Vis region showed that the synthesized compounds presented high molar absorptivity (in the order of 104 L.mol-1.cm-1) and exhibited in the analyzed region intraligand transitions (1IL¿Î¨¿Î*) of the polypyridyl ligant and pyridine, as well as metal to ligand charge transfer transitions (1MLCTRe ¨ NN). For binuclear compound of rhenium(I), [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl], there was a prolongation of the absorption band, i.e., the compound absorbs visible radiation up to approximately 600 nm.The emissions spectra of the compounds fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]0/+1(L = Cl-, py, ampy or phpy) exhibited a broad and unstructured band assigned to the lowest lying excited state, 3MLCTRe ¨ bpy. The compound fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)Cl] presented in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) a maximum emission at 612 nm and quantum yield of 0.005, while the compounds fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]+1 (py, ampy or phpy) presented the emission in 548, 558, 526 nm and quantum yield of 0.216, 0.078, 0.254, respectively. Therefore, the substitution of the chloride ligant by pyridine causes a hypsochromic shift in the emission, as well as an increase in the quantum yield, since the chloride ligant reduces the efficiency of intersystem crossing. The fac-[Re(CO)3(bpm)Cl] and [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl] compounds presented a relatively low emission in CH3CN, in the order of 10-4. While the 3MLCTRe ¨ bpm was the responsible for the mononuclear emission, when the coordination to an another atom of rhenium occurred [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl], this state was destabilized, and thus, the 3ILbpm excited state became the responsible to emission. The state excited of lower energy 3MLCT for compounds fac-[Re(CO)3(bpm)Cl], fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]+ (L = py, ampy or phpy) and the different values observed in rigid media have confirmed the sensitivity of the excited state to the medium rigidity, due to the rigidochromic effect. Consequently, these compounds can be used in the development of molecular devices.

Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Karina Passalacqua Morelli Frin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Química, 2016. / Quatro compostos polipiridinicos de Re(I), fac-[Re(CO)3(ph2phen)(L)]+ (L = bpa, 4,4¡¦-bpy e, apy) e fac-[{(Ph2phen)(CO)3Re}2(bpa)]+2, foram sintetizados e purificados. Os complexos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de 1H RMN, IR/ATR e UV-vis em MeCN a 298 K. Foi verificado intensa absortividade (4.104 Lmol-1cm-1) na regiao UVB (£fmax =292 nm) do espectro atribuida a transicao intraligante 1ILPh2phen, e a transicao de transferencia de carga do metal para o ligante 1MLCTRe ¿_ Ph2phen (1.104 Lmol-1cm-1) em aproximadamente £f ~350 nm. As propriedades fotofisicas produzem 3MLCT Re ¿_ Ph2phen que apresentam intensa luminescencia em £fem = 562 nm usando-se excitacao em comprimento de onda monocromatico de 375 nm possuindo rendimento quantico de emissao (¿Öem) da ordem de 0,036-0,360 e tempo de vida de emissao (£n) de £gs, sendo que a luminescencia observada varia em funcao do carater doador e aceptor de densidade eletronica do ligante (L) definindo a basicidade e acidez dos complexos em solucao. As propriedades fotofisicas em pol (metacrilato de metila) PMMA exibiram o efeito rigidocromico observado por meio do deslocamento hipsocromico da emissao sem alteracao na estrutura da banda 3MLCT Re Ph2phen. O estudo de supressao com hidroquinona (H2Q) em solucao desaerada de MeCN a 298 K demonstrou excelente correlacao entre intensidade de emissao (I) e tempo de vida de emissao (£n) dos complexos na metodologia de Stern-Volmer. Para os complexos fac-[R (CO)3(Ph2phen)(bpa)]+, fac-[Re(CO)3(Ph2phen)(4,4¡¦-bpy)]+ e fac-[{(Ph2phen)(CO)3Re}2(bpa)]2+ foram determinadas as constantes Ksv da ordem de 104 Lmol-1 com correspondentes constantes cineticas de supressao bimolecular kq 109 Lmol-1s-1 revelando forte supressao do estado excitado associado ao mecanismo dinamico de transferencia de eletron (ET) por meio de interacoes/empilhamento £k-£k* como sugestao de rota mais eficiente. Enquanto, para o complexo fac-[Re(CO)3(Ph2phen)(apy)]+ a constante Ksv obtida foi de 102 Lmol-1 e, kq 109 Lmol-1s-1, demostrando evidencias de um caminho alternativo para supressao desse composto com H2Q envolvendo um possivel mecanismo dinamico de supressao via transferencia protonica acoplada a transferencia de eletron (EPT) que e menos eficiente, assumindo-se a existencia de intrinseco pre-equilibrio acido-base desse complexo em solucao. / Four polypyridyl Re(I) compounds, fac-[Re(CO)3(ph2phen)(L)]+ (L = bpa, 4,4¡¦-bpy e, apy) and fac-[{(Ph2phen)(CO)3Re}2(bpa)]+2, were synthesized and purified. The complexes have been characterized by 1H NMR, IR/ATR and UV-vis spectroscopies in MeCN at 298 K. Verified intensity absorption (4.104 Lmol-1cm-1) in UVB spectral region (£fmax = 292 nm) assigned to the intraligand 1ILPh2phen transition, and the metal-to-ligand charge transfer 1MLCTRe ¿_ Ph2phen transitions (1.104 Lmol-1cm-1) in about £f ~350 nm. The photophysical properties produces 3MLCT Re ¿_ Ph2phen which account for stronger luminescence in £fem = 562 nm using monochromatic excitation 375 nm resulting in emission quantum yields (¿Öem) in the range of 0,036-0,360 and lifetimes (£n) of the order of £gs, wherein the luminescence observed as a function of the donor or acceptor of electron density of the ligand (L) defining the basicity and acidity of the complexes in solution. The photophysical properties in poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA exhibited the rigidochromic effect observed by hypsochomic shifts in spectra with no change in the emission band structure 3MLCT Re ¿_ Ph2phen. The quencher studies by hydroquinone (H2Q) in degassed MeCN solution at 298 K demonstrated excellent correlation between emission intensity (I) and lifetime (£n) for the complexes using Stern-Volmer methodology. For fac-[Re(CO)3(Ph2phen)(bpa)]+, fac-[Re(CO)3(Ph2phen)(4,4¡¦-bpy)]+ and fac-[{(Ph2phen)(CO)3Re}2(bpa)]2+ complexes were determined Ksv constant in 104 Lmol-1 order, and the corresponding rate constant for the bimolecular excited state quenching kq 109 Lmol-1s-1 revealed stronger excited-state quenching associated with the dynamic mechanism of the electron transfer (ET) by £k-£k* stacked suggesting a more efficient pathway. While for the fac-[Re(CO)3(Ph2phen)(apy)]+ complex the Ksv obtained constant was 102 Lmol-1 and respective kq = 109 Lmol-1s-1 demonstrated the evidence of an alternate path for quenching that compound by H2Q involving a possible less efficient dynamic mechanism the electron-proton-transfer (EPT) assumed the intrinsic preequilibria acid-base that complexes in solution.

A series of Fe2+ spin crossover (SCO) complexes [Fe(5/6)]2+ employing hexadentate ligands (5/6) with cis/trans-1,2-diamino cyclohexanes (4) as central building blocks were synthesised. The ligands were obtained by reductive amination of 4 with 2,2′-bipyridyl-6-carbaldehyde or 1,10-phenanthroline-2-carbaldehyde 3. The chelating effect and the rigid structure of the ligands 5/6 lead to exceptionally robust Fe2+ and Zn2+ complexes conserving their structure even in coordinating solvents like dmso at high temperatures. Their solution behavior was investigated using variable temperature (VT) 1H NMR spectroscopy and VT Vis spectroscopy. SCO behavior was found for all Fe2+ complexes in this series centred around and far above room temperature. For the first time we have demonstrated that the thermodynamics as well as kinetics for SCO can be deduced by using VT 1H NMR spectroscopy. An alternative scheme using a linear correction term C1 to model chemical shifts for Fe2+ SCO complexes is presented. The rate constant for the SCO of [Fe(rac-trans-5)]2+ obtained by VT 1H NMR was validated by Laser Flash Photolysis (LFP), with excellent agreement (1/(kHL + kLH) = 33.7/35.8 ns for NMR/LFP). The solvent dependence of the transition temperature T1/2 and the solvatochromism of complex [Fe(rac-trans-5)]2+ were ascribed to hydrogen bond formation of the secondary amine to the solvent. Enantiomerically pure complexes can be prepared starting with R,R- or S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (R,R-trans-4 or S,S-trans-4). The high robustness of the complexes reduces a possible ligand scrambling and allows preparation of quasiracemic crystals of [Zn(R,R-5)][Fe(S,S-5)](ClO4)4·(CH3CN) composed of a 1 : 1 mixture of the Zn and Fe complexes with inverse chirality. / Dieser Beitrag ist aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

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