Předmětem diplomové práce je problematika populačního a ekonomického růstu a jejich vzájemného vztahu na příkladu Indie. Hodnotí možnosti Indie při snižování chudoby v zemi a zvyšování životní úrovně jejích obyvatel, a to prostřednictvím dvou následujících způsobů. Prvním způsobem je kontrola populačního růstu a druhým liberalizace světového obchodu a domácího trhu.

This thesis deals with the aging of population and the possibility of adaptation of the elderly people to the social changes, particularly the changes of information and communication technologies. The aim is to analyze the position of seniors in the information society, focusing on the integration seniors into the society by voluntary education at universities of the third age. I will judge how U3A courses influenced the ability of integration seniors into the information society in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part is conceived as the underlying definition of basic terms used in the thesis the senior population, the information society and universities of the third age. The analytical part uses the method of questionnaire based on qualitative research and analysis of internal information from U3A by using my own observations.

Zootechnical and behavioural traits can vary substantially among wild allopatric European perch populations. Choosing wild European perch population(s) showing higher growth rate, lower cannibalism and size heterogeneity with specific behavioural traits such as low aggressive interaction rate and homogeneous spatial distribution in rearing units are crucial for the establishment of the European perch broodstock and subsequent selective breeding programs. Therefore, knowledge of the zootechnical and behavioural traits relative to geographic origin supported by genetic analyses may ultimately help to overcome current challenges and bottlenecks of European perch aquaculture. Population differences in zootechnical and behavioural traits can be shaped by genetic differentiation, phenotypic plasticity, or by their combination. However, it is not clear whether the inter-population differences are genetically- or environmentally-induced. Therefore, we explored the zootechnical traits of geographically different European perch populations at larval- (two Finish, two Polish, two Slovakian, one Czech; Chapter II) and juvenile-stages (Polish, Czech, Slovakian; Chapter III) in the same standardized conditions reducing the environmental effect. Additionally, we provided a genetic-based assessment on four mitochondrial markers: cytochrome b, D-loop of control region, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome oxidase I (Chapters II, III). In Chapter IV, we observed behavioural traits of larvae and juveniles from two Finish and one French populations. According to obtained results, zootechnical and behavioural traits differed among allopatric populations of European perch. Moreover, the differences in zootechnical traits were mainly observed between most genetically differentiated populations (both Finish in Chapter II, and Polish in Chapter III). This could suggest a genetic basis of the observed growth differentiation and, consequently, a potential heritability of this pattern. Additionally, higher growth rate of northern populations could be partly attributed to behavioural traits as we found more cohesive and homogenous group structure in both Finish compared to French populations which, on the other hand, showed higher aggressive interactions. However, European perch larvae and juveniles from genetically lower- or un-differentiated populations (i.e. Polish, Slovakian and Czech in Chapter II and Slovakian and Czech in Chapter III) showed variations in zootechnical traits as well. The variation could be a consequence of different food intake, health status, pre-collection environment, transgenerational effect and usage of conservative mitochondrial markers, i.e. the lack of genetic differentiation among some populations should be further assessed by higher resolution analyses (e.g. microsatellites). Further studies are needed to assess the importance of these factors in geographic differentiation of aquaculture performance.

This diploma thesis discusses population sustainability and food security in Angola. The first part which deals with literature research is focused on basic aspects of population growth, development and food security. There are main theories discussed dealing with development and population sustainability. In the practical part, available data is used and analyzed to determine the present state of population sustainability in regards to food production in Angola. Next purpose of this thesis is to make prediction into the future. Correlation analysis will be also provided. Based on the all outputs of practical part, obtained results will be discussed and evaluated. Possible recommendations and solutions will be made at the end of the work.

The new panmictic model of seed orchard scheme for forests trees is described in this thesis. It can be used either alone or in combination with existing designs without losing efficiency. In this case it iscombined with Minimum Inbreeding design. The establishment of seed orchards and importance of achieving panmixy and minimizing inbreeding in the population of seed orchard are described in the theoretical part. The resultant algorithm defines panmictic situation as a situation where close neighborhoods of all possible combinations of clones occur within the seed orchard grid with the same frequency. To achieve this we developed a formula for variance that is minimized as a criterion function. The algorithm has been programmed in R and it was tested for different tasks including balanced or unbalanced numbers of clones and different sizes or shapes (rectangular or non-rectangular shape) of orchard. The model is able to solve all of these situations, and it is very effective especially in the case of balanced numbers of clones. Optimal solution of the given task was often found at the first iteration. To evaluate the relative quality of resulting schemes theoretic proxy to level of maximum panmixy was defined for every specific task- the Theoretical minimum variance. The effectiveness of MI scheme combined with clonal rows was also evaluated. The result is a hybrid scheme with predefined MI clonal rows surrounded by panmictic algorithm, while close neighborhood of clonal rows was also optimized. This scheme will be used for the establishment of Abies fraseriseed orchard in North Carolina under NCSU Christmas Tree Genetics Program. Another possible modifications of the algorithm, such as the inclusion of local separation zones or assortative mating are summarized in conclusions.

The thesis deals with an issue of healthy lifestyle, focusing especially on the young population. The project is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the theoretical solutions and defines in detail the concepts related to the topic. It deals with important areas of healthy lifestyles, especially nutrition and physical activity. Presents the principles of rational nutrition and describes the influences on young people today. It describes the consequences of improper diet and the current situation regarding overweight and obesity. The second part is focused on detailed analysis of selected institution, which is a sports club JNS Cheerleaders. This part is trying to determine whether a candidate institutions fulfill their public mission in a healthy lifestyle and whether has for this purpose sufficient funds. The final section contains a summary of the whole problem, interpret the results and submit proposals that could improve the functioning of sports club and help lead the young population to a healthy lifestyle.

Principal objective of this thesis is to give a true picture of the population development in the town Děčín, to analyse and evaluate a demographic development and a spatial movement of the inhabitants. This thesis recognizes the connection between its history and present, it investigates deviations and suggests possible solutions to the problem to attract people. The main chapters include the demographic development, the social, age, economic structures and the migration. It compares Děčíns' population with population of Ústecký region and the Czech republic as well. The comparision of the population uncovers a certain trend in the Czech Republic. This thesis includes suggestions of specialists who were willing to discuss some topics personally. The thesis discovers that Děčín has a big potential for development. The town must utilize its potential or it will be burdened by its debts and the inhabitants will move to the developed regions.

The concept of age management as a management with regard to the age of employees is due to demographic changes increasingly important topic. Therefore it is necessary the organizations should take care about age management to get by competitive fight and to avoid loosing experienced, qualified and loyal employees. Age management is gaining prominence due to delay founding families, an aging population and the lack of labor force. The basic threatened groups of age management are mainly workers 50+, graduates and ultimately mothers with small children. All these groups of workers require attention and the management of each organization should take care about them. The aim of this work is to identify the pillars of the field of age management as part of human resources management in an organization, including evaluation of their objectives, strategies used within a given area. From a qualitative survey, namely structured interviews with human resources employees and after that with all managers can say that the organization is aware of the risks associated with the employment of graduates and workers 50+ and part of human resources management is to focus on risky groups of employees. The organization is aware of the qualities of its employees and is trying to use their retention of knowledge that human capital brings to achieve competitive advantage.

The diploma thesis analyzes demographic trend in the long time series in Kolin area. The basis for this thesis were data from the Czech Statistical Office and statistical yearbooks dealing with demographic trends. At the beginning of the work was a clarification of key concepts related to the topic, and then the whole region was characterized from the geographic and demographic perspective. Own thesis then tracks the evolution of the population, fertility, mortality, abortion, nuptiality, divorce and migration of the population between 2004--2013. In conclusion are set out proposals and measures affecting population development.

Representatives of family Bovidae are subjects of many studies concerning with their phylogeny, phylogeography, time of divergence or genetic diversity. Taxonomy is solved by comparison of morphological characteristics or by genetic approaches, genetic diversity could be solved by pedigree or by genetic analyses too. Tragelaphinae number nine species of two genera, Tragelaphus sp. and Taurotragus sp. The antelopes of the genus Taurotragus (T. derbianus and T. oryx) belong to the largest antelopes of the world. Derby eland (Taurotragus derbianus) has two subspecies, Western Derby eland (T. d. derbianus) and Eastern Giant eland (T. d. gigas), which are distinguished on the basis of morphological characteristics. Western subspecies (T. d. derbianus) is classified as critically endangered. There lives the only population in Niokolo Koba National Park in Senegal, which numbers fewer than 200 individuals. For the conservation, the semi-captive breeding programme has been established in 2000. It was created by six founders (one male and five females), which are presumed to be non-related. The population within this programme had 95 living individuals in 2013, living in seven herds in Bandia and Fathala reserves in Senegal. The population is under breeding management, which efforts to minimize kinship of the individuals. Studbook was established for the Western Derby eland (T. d. derbianus) in 2008 and is published annually. It acts about small population with low number of founders and no gene flow, which is threatened by inbreeding and genetic drift. Genetic diversity of the population was evaluated by means of microsatellite markers and the results were compared with the results of pedigree analysis. Pedigree analysis showed the highest genetic diversity in the generation of founders (FOUNDERS). It decreased in the generation of founders' offspring (OFFSPRING 1; born in season 2007/2008), due to the fact, that the only male took part in the reproduction. And it increased again in the generation of offspring of founders' offspring (OFFSPRING 2; born in the season 2009/2010), because more individuals were included into the reproduction. Fifteen individuals and five polymorphic microsatellite loci (from the total number of 13 tested loci) were chosen for the genetic study. The parameters of genetic diversity (HE and HO, Ar and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and FIS and FST) were evaluated. Not any deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found out. The results of genetic analysis confirmed the highest genetic diversity in the population of founders (Ar = 2.79; HE = 0.664; HO = 0.750; FIS = --0.154). In both generations of offspring values of allelic richness and observed and expected heterozygosity decreased (Ar = 2.15; HO = 0.580; HE = 0.586 in OFFSPRING 1 and Ar = 2.14; HO = 0.370; HE = 0.480 in OFFSPRING 2). Contrary to the results of pedigree analysis, there was not been observed any improvement in OFFSPRING 2. The resultant values of genetic diversity parameters were quite satisfactory, despite of the low number of founders and mating of related individuals.