The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of elementary school students¡¦ positive emotion and assess the similarity and difference among different background students while they attending this quasi-experimental study. A nonequivalent pretest-posttest design was conducted on this study. The experimental group students who were taught by 9-weeks of ¡§Inquiry Teaching¡¨; on the other hand, the control group students who were taught by the traditional teaching method. During the beginning and end of courses, all participants conducted investigator-developed instrument ¡§Elementary School Students Positive Emotion Scale¡¨. In addition, 6 target students with more improvement scores on the post-test of positive emotion scale were recruited a follow-up interview for finding the effects of inquiry teaching project. Independent-samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and ANCOVA were conducted for comparing the similarity and differences between two groups. A theme content analysis was conducted to analyze the qualitative data. The major findings are as follows: 1.After the use of ¡§Inquiry Teaching¡¨, the experimental group students¡¦ self-confidence score is significantly higher than the control group¡¦s. 2.The experimental group students¡¦ ¡§self-confidence¡¨ score is significantly higher than ¡§optimistic¡¨ or ¡§gratitude¡¨. 3.The experimental group moderate academic achievers present significantly more improvement on self-confidence than those of the highest academic achievers. According to those significant findings, educational recommendations and suggestions are also provided toward teachers and researchers who can discussfurther .

This study tries to reverse the direction of previous impression management studies from an employee-centric perspective to supervisor-centric perspective. By conducting supervisor¡¦s impression management as independent variables, employee¡¦s loyalty to supervisor as dependent variables, employee¡¦s social desirable response as controlling variables, and employee¡¦s positive reactions toward supervisor as a mediating role, to discuss the relationship among supervisor¡¦s impression management, employee¡¦s positive reactions and loyalty to supervisor. This research collected data from dyad questionnaires including 219 subordinates with 47 leaders in Taiwanese bank industry, and further used hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to examine the hypotheses. Result showed that supervisor¡¦s impression management has positive effect on employee¡¦s positive reactions and loyalty to supervisor, and employee¡¦s positive reactions toward supervisor also has significant influence on employee¡¦s loyalty to supervisor. Moreover, employee¡¦s positive reactions toward supervisor will mediate the relationship between supervisor¡¦s impression management and employee¡¦s loyalty to supervisor. This study accordingly raised some suggestions for further research and practitioners.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore the significant predictors that related to adolescent¡¦s positive thinking and self-identity. Four hundreds and sixty-seven public junior high school participants from 3 different grade levels (i.e., seventh-grade, eighth-grade, and ninth-grade) completed a questionnaire on Adolescent Self-awareness Scale(ASS). The ASS included Background Questionnaire, Positive Thinking Scale, and Self-identity Scale. Moreover 5 junior high school students with the highest total scores on positive thinking and self-identity, and additional 5 with the lowest total scores on positive thinking and self-identity were recruited as target students for individual interviews to find their common background factors. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression were conducted on the quantitative data. For the interview data, an inductive analysis was applied. The major findings are as follows: 1.The significant predictors for adolescents¡¦ Positive Thinking are subjective family atmosphere, physical leisure participation frequency, interpersonal relationships, and academic achievement. 2.The significant predictors for adolescents¡¦ Self-identity are subjective family atmosphere, interpersonal relationships, physical leisure participation frequency, and academic achievement. 3.Ninth-grade students¡¦ Positive Thinking and Self-identity scores are significantly lower than seventh-grade and eighth-grade students. 4.Adolescents with more harmonious family atmosphere prescent significantly higher scores on Positive Thinking and Self-identity. 5.Adolescents with better interpersonal relationship obtain significantly higher Positive Thinking and Self-identity scores than their counterparts. 6.Adolescents who often involved in physical leisure participation present significantly higher Positive Thinking and Self-identity scores than these less involved in physical leisure participants. 7.Adolescents with high positive thinking and high self-identity scores present the following characteristics: better academic achievement, harmonious family atmosphere, good interpersonal relationships, and leisure in physical participation. 8.Adolescents with low positive thinking and low self-identity scores present the following characteristics: lower academic achievement, inharmonious family atmosphere, bad interpersonal relationships, and leisure engagements in non-physical participation. 9.There are significant correlations between adolescents¡¦ Positive Thinking and Self-Identity.

Research has found that positive affect broadens attention. However, the type of positive affect previously manipulated has been low in approach motivation. High approach-motivated positive affect should reduce the breadth of attention, as organisms shut out irrelevant perceptions and cognitions while they approach and attempt to acquire desired objects. Three studies examined the attentional consequences of approach-motivated positive affect states. Consistent with predictions, participants showed less global attentional focus after viewing approach-motivating positive pictures as compared to neutral pictures (Studies 1 and 2). Specifically, Study 1 used approach-motivating pictures of appetitive desserts, while Study 2 used pictures of cute animals. Neutral pictures were of varying neutral objects. Study 3 manipulated both affect and approach motivation. Less global focus was found for participants who viewed the approach-motivating pictures and had the expectancy to obtain the items as compared to other participant groups. The results indicate that high approach-motivated positive affect reduces the breadth of attentional focus, in contrast to the broadening of attentional focus that has been found with low approach-motivated positive affect.

Positive natural selection is recognized as the driving force underneath evolution. One of the surest signatures of recent positive selection is a local elevation of advantageous allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium (LD). This dissertation proposes a new test statistic to detect excess homozygosity based on a simple counting measure, which serves as a surrogate indicator of recent positive selection. Three tests are developed upon the new measure: (a) an extended genotype-based homozy- gosity test (EGHT), (b) a hidden Markov model test (HMMT), and (c) an extended haplotype-based homozygosity test (EHHT). The null hypotheses of all three tests assume random mating and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). They differ in how to treat LD under H0 . The EGHT assumes linkage equilibrium (LE) besides HWE while the EHHT allows arbitrary multi-locus LD. The HMMT stands between these two extremes and assumes pairwise but no higher-order disequilibrium interactions. We first conduct simulation study to compare the three score tests and verify that the EHHT is the most conservative one. We compare the performance of the EHHT with the prevailing detection methods and the EHHT has higher or similar power. We also evaluate the impact of simple demographic history on the EHHT and the simulation study suggests that the EHHT is resistant to the false-positive confounders resulting from simple demographic models. After extensive simulation studies, all three tests are then applied on HapMap Phase II data and we are able to replicate findings reported in the literature. We can also identify new candidate regions that may undergo recent selection through a set of filtering criteria including highest EHHT scores, high derived allele frequency and large population differentiation. Finally, we propose a cross-population comparison test statistic to detect chromosome regions in which there is no significant excess homozygosity in one population but homozygosity remains high in another population.

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Abstracts The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between the entrepreneurial planning and social networks to realize their positive effects. In this thesis the entrepreneurial planning is defined as the opportunity, business model, resource, and entrepreneurial team. Social networks are connections to people which concentrate on friend, family and colleague. This thesis takes advantage of the qualitative research by in-depth interviews combined with literature review to come to the following research findings: (1)Friends have the very strong positive effects to the resource and entrepreneurial team. (2)The personality of the entrepreneurs is the critical element to do the integration in entrepreneurial planning and social networks. (3)Experienced entrepreneurs have the better ability to integrate or exercise social networks to the entrepreneurial planning on hand than non-experienced ones. (4) As the entrepreneur one has to build up one¡¦s own social networks in daily time. There is some future research recommendations presented as follows. (1)Participant of the interview should focus on the experienced entrepreneurs. (2)Taking advantage of the regression method to make priority of the social networks. Key words: entrepreneurial planning, social network, entrepreneur, positive effects.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Droit public--Paris 2, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 379-380. Index.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Droit : Lyon 3 : 2005. / Bibliogr. Index.