The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of elementary school students¡¦ positive emotion and assess the similarity and difference among different background students while they attending this quasi-experimental study. A nonequivalent pretest-posttest design was conducted on this study. The experimental group students who were taught by 9-weeks of ¡§Inquiry Teaching¡¨; on the other hand, the control group students who were taught by the traditional teaching method. During the beginning and end of courses, all participants conducted investigator-developed instrument ¡§Elementary School Students Positive Emotion Scale¡¨. In addition, 6 target students with more improvement scores on the post-test of positive emotion scale were recruited a follow-up interview for finding the effects of inquiry teaching project. Independent-samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and ANCOVA were conducted for comparing the similarity and differences between two groups. A theme content analysis was conducted to analyze the qualitative data. The major findings are as follows: 1.After the use of ¡§Inquiry Teaching¡¨, the experimental group students¡¦ self-confidence score is significantly higher than the control group¡¦s. 2.The experimental group students¡¦ ¡§self-confidence¡¨ score is significantly higher than ¡§optimistic¡¨ or ¡§gratitude¡¨. 3.The experimental group moderate academic achievers present significantly more improvement on self-confidence than those of the highest academic achievers. According to those significant findings, educational recommendations and suggestions are also provided toward teachers and researchers who can discussfurther .

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of elementary school students¡¦ moral characteristics and moral behaviors through a moral inquiry teaching. A nonequivalent pretest-posttest design was conducted on this study. Two investigator-developed instruments (i.e., ¡§School Students Moral Behavior Questionnaire¡¨ and ¡§Parenting practice Questionnaire¡¨) were conducted on both experimental and control group students during the pre- and post moral inquiry teaching. In addition, daily student behavior records and follow-up individual interviews with student, teachers, and their parents were collected to verify the quantitative results. The main findings from t-tests comparisons and ANCOVA analyses were as follows: 1. The posttest experimental group students¡¦ moral characteristics total scores were significantly higher than the control group¡¦s. 2. On the topic of ¡§responsibility¡¦¡¦, the experimental students agreed that being responsible in family matters positively correlates to moral behaviors. 3. On the topic of ¡§respect earth¡¦¡¦, the experimental students presented more respectful in their school areas ,but not in public districts. 4. On the topic of ¡§taking care of others¡¦¡¦¡GBefore the intervention, the experimental group students expressed more active cares to their parents, but not to their classmates. After 9 topic systematic inquiry teaching, students pay more attention on their classmates; therefore , the experimental group students obtain higher scores than control group. Implications for practice and research are provided.

This study investigates learners‟ understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI) in relation to their classroom experiences. Using the constructs of nature of scientific inquiry; inquiry-based teaching and learning; and principles of scientific inquiry as theoretical lenses, the study empirically explored learners‟ (n = 120) understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry which were captured through a questionnaire called Learners‟ understanding of science and scientific inquiry (LUSSI) and interviews and their perceptions of classroom inquiry (their experiences of inquiry were elicited through a questionnaire called Principles of scientific inquiry- student (PSI-S) and interviews). The participants were one hundred and twenty learners, 60 from each of two schools in an Education District in Lesotho. Eight learners, four from each school participated in the interviews. At the centre, the investigation sought to understand whether there was any relationship between learners‟ perceptions of their experiences of scientific inquiry and their understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry. As a result, this study was guided by the following questions: what are learners‟ understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry? What are learners‟ perceptions of their experiences of scientific inquiry? Are learners‟ understandings of NOSI in any way related to their experiences of scientific inquiry? Typological approach was used to analyse the qualitative data and descriptive statistics for analysing the quantitative data. The results of this study suggest that learners hold less informed understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry and that learners are experiencing closed-inquiry in their science classroom. The results also show that other learners‟ experiences of scientific inquiry are not related to their understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry. It was recommended that teachers should engage learners in inquiry activities rather than always carrying out teacher-demonstrations. It is also recommended that further studies should be done in Lesotho to examine the relationship between learners‟ understandings of NOSI and their perceptions of their classroom experiences.

This study investigated Lesotho junior secondary science teachers’ perceptions and use of laboratory work in teaching. Teaching is described as engagement in a relationship between a person called a teacher and another person called a student with the purpose of facilitating the student’s acquisition of content which the student previously lacked (Fenstermacher, 1986). Using the constructs of scientific inquiry and inquiry-based instruction and constructivism as theoretical lenses the study empirically explored the Junior School Science teachers’ perceptions of the aims of laboratory work and how the teachers used laboratory work in their teaching. At the centre, the investigation sought to understand whether there was any relationship between teachers’ perceptions of the aims of laboratory work and their use of laboratory work. The sample of the study consisted of fifty science teachers (n=50) conveniently selected from 12 schools in the Butha-Buthe district of Lesotho. Data were collected through closed and open ended questionnaires (n=50), semi-structured interviews (n=5), and laboratory lesson observations (n=2). Data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using a combination of typological and interpretational analysis. The results show that as a group the sampled teachers held the view that the most important aim of laboratory work was to promote conceptual understanding. In their teaching, most of the sampled teachers use laboratory work to verify theory through largely verificationist, expository and non-inquiry laboratory instructional practices and strategies. The following barriers were reported by the teachers as limiting their use of inquiry oriented and student centered teaching strategies: limitations of resources; time constraints; large classes; pressure to complete the prescribed curriculum; safety issues; and preparations for external examinations. The results also suggest that the teachers’ seeing laboratory work as important for developing conceptual understanding is associated with their use of verificationistic teaching approaches. It is recommended that; Lesotho science curriculum be reviewed, and that teachers should participate in curriculum development to enhance successful implementation of inquiry instruction, professional development programmes be established, and the enactment of inquiry instruction be systematically monitored and evaluated. It is recommended that curriculum developers facilitate teachers’ transformation from expository to inquiry instruction.

No trabalho a seguir buscamos compreender o papel da matemática na construção dos argumentos dos estudantes em atividades de ensino investigativas. Para o encaminhamento dessa pesquisa, realizamos uma revisão sobre argumentação e argumentação matemática com o intuito de obter elementos para a construção de um instrumento de análise de situações de ensino e aprendizagem. A partir desse estudo emergiu também a necessidade da consideração das diferentes linguagens usadas na comunicação e de observar a qualidade do processo argumentativo em termos de sua forma e conteúdo. Com a estruturação desse quadro teórico, elaboramos uma sequência de ensino investigativa (SEI) sobre quantidade de movimento, sua conservação e as leis de Newton, que agrupa as características encontradas, tal como a abdução, isto é, o uso de uma regra ou lei como hipótese que auxilia na explicação de um fato novo. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, analisamos a gravação em vídeo da aplicação dessa sequência em uma turma do primeiro ano do ensino médio, de uma escola pública do estado de Santa Catarina, com o auxílio do software Videograph, que facilita visualizar a ocorrência das categorias propostas em um gráfico temporal. Verificamos a intensa frequência das propriedades da argumentação destacadas, com um grande movimento das diferentes linguagens na construção dos significados, em especial a algébrica no processo de estimativas. Por outro lado, ficou explícita a desconexão entre fenômenos e suas representações, à medida que os estudantes se distanciaram do problema experimental do início da SEI e se envolveram no processo de resolução de problemas isso demanda o planejamento de atividades específicas para estimular a reflexão sobre essas situações. / In the following work we seek to understand the role of mathematics in the construction of the arguments of students in inquiry teaching activities. For forwarding this research, we conducted a review about argumentation and mathematical argumentation with the purpose to provide elements for the construction of an analytical tool for teaching and learning situations. From this study also emerged the need for consideration of the different languages used for communication and observe the quality of the argumentative process in terms of its form and content. With the structuration of this theoretical framework, we developed an Inquiry-Based Teaching Sequence (IBTS) about momentum, its conservation and Newton\'s laws, which brings together the features found, such as abduction, i.e. the use of a rule or law as hypothesis that helps to explain a new fact. To achieve our goals, we analyze the video recording of the application of this sequence in a first year high school class in a public school in the state of Santa Catarina, with the help of Videograph software that makes easy to observe the occurrence of the categories proposed in a temporal graph. We verified the intense frequency of the argument properties highlighted, with a large movement of the different languages in the construction of the meanings, especially the algebraic one on the estimation process. On the other hand, was explicit the disconnection between phenomena and their representations, as students distanced themselves from the experimental problem of the beginning of IBTS and became involved in the problem-solving process - that demand the planning of specific activities to stimulate reflection about these situations.

There is a need to change the teaching methods of the science subjects. International surveys, e.g. TIMMS and PISA, have been showing relatively declining skills for the Swedish students in the science subjects. International science education research has found good examples of teaching and learning, but the research stays within the research communities and does not reach the teachers and their teaching. The gap between research results and teachers’ practices in the classroom is the basis of this investigation. Research shows that the teacher is one of the most important factors for student learning, therefore, this study has put great emphasis on the teachers’ competencies. The focus of this investigation is the relations between teachers’ knowledge of the Nature of Science (NOS), the Nature of Science Inquiry (NOSI) and inquiry-based teaching of Science. The project follows longitudinally two teachers as they take part in a researchbased implementation process of predesigned inquiry-teaching sequences in Physics. The context is a secondary school in Sweden (grades 8–9, age 14–16 years). The project is set around group discussions between the involved teachers and the researcher on planning, implementing and analysing actual inquiry teaching. The results describe possibilities and obstacles concerning the implementation of inquiry teaching as perceived by the teachers. Having navigated obstacles the teachers saw great potential in the inquiry model based on students’ motivation and learning. The results of the project provide indications on how future in-service teacher courses in Science could be designed. / <p>The series name <em>Linköping Studies in Science and Technology Education</em> is incorrect. The correct namen is <em>Studies in Science and Technology Education</em>.</p><p>Bilaga 1-7 ej inräknade i antalet sidor.</p>

The science education literature was examined in order to identify the methodologies that various authors considered to characterise inquiry teaching. On the basis of this examination, a new classroom environment instrument, the Is This an Inquiring Classroom or ITIC was developed. The final version of the ITIC contained forty items in five different scales, Freedom in Practical Work, Communication, Interpretation of Data, Science Stories and Uncertainty in Science.The Actual and Preferred Forms of the ITIC were administered to 2,207 Grade 7-12 students and 65 teachers from 15 different schools. The results of this investigation showed that both students and teachers would prefer there to be higher levels of inquiry behaviours in Tasmanian science classrooms, with teachers indicating a preference for significantly higher levels than students. The perceptions of different sub-groups within the student population were also analysed.An examination of the Tasmanian curriculum documents showed that they supported the use of inquiry teaching methodologies, as defined by the ITIC scales. From the above investigations it was concluded that it would be desirable for there to be higher levels of inquiry methodologies in Tasmanian science classes, and that the production of the ITIC provides a means of monitoring and measuring any change.

Calls for history teachers to adopt inquiry methods continue to go unabated in educational research and curricular initiatives. In recent years, there has been increased recognition of the important role teacher reflection plays in managing the uncertainty that accompanies such pedagogy in history classrooms. Accordingly, this dissertation was situated within theories of reflection and reflective teaching, which acknowledge teaching to be endemically problematic and teachers as autonomous in their curricular- instructional decisions and thereby resistive to certainty-driven models of history teaching. This dissertation sought to investigate the reflections of inquiry-oriented history teachers by examining how and upon what they reflect throughout a unit of study. Using an interpretive multiple-case design with video-stimulated recall methodology, reflective interviews were conducted with participants in four different schools within the same urban public school district. A cross-case analysis of the data led to several key findings. First, the process of reflection for teachers in practice revealed itself to be more affective and messy than conventional rational models of reflection found in the literature. Second, the results showed that history teachers’ reflections were prioritized in accordance with their values and sense of purpose. Third, the inclusiveness of teachers’ classroom environments and curricular-instructional decisions were a focal point of their reflections. Fourth, the teachers’ reflections were influenced by their understandings of their school cultures, with three of the four teachers finding their school norms and policies as oppositional to the promotion of inquiry methods with their students. Finally, the findings showed that reflection aided teachers’ examination of assumptions embedded within their professional routines and pedagogical decisions, particulary with regard to the selection and use of the essential questions that framed their units. This dissertation highlights the need for more and better reflective opportunites for pre- and in-service history teachers and for better research that might yield further insights into the nature of inquiry-based history teaching.

Submitted by MONIQUE AMÁLIA MOREIRA CAMPOS null (monique.campos@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-13T14:33:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MEST20160304_CAMPOS MONIQUE AMALIA MOREIRA.pdf: 2606555 bytes, checksum: 0c6ef957eb7e6ab367eb074a00352702 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-15T19:50:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_mam_me_arafc.pdf: 2606555 bytes, checksum: 0c6ef957eb7e6ab367eb074a00352702 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T19:50:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_mam_me_arafc.pdf: 2606555 bytes, checksum: 0c6ef957eb7e6ab367eb074a00352702 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Sendo a Biologia uma ramo da ciência em constante mudança, os materiais didáticos muitas vezes não conseguem acompanhar essas atualizações. Uma forma de superar esse obstáculo é aliá-los a conteúdos noticiosos, provindos de materiais multimidiáticos que podem, por exemplo, ser textos de divulgação científica. Para que o conteúdo seja trabalhado de forma crítica, a fim de se concretizar um letramento científico, pode-se fazer uso de várias abordagens, tanto no ensino de ciências quanto as presentes na mídia educação. Portanto, esse caráter interdisciplinar resulta em alguns questionamentos: como trabalhar mais de uma abordagem/ perspectiva de ensino; em que medida o professor consegue aplicar a proposta em sala; e por fim, quais são as dificuldades que ele enfrenta e como superá-las. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi estudar se o professor consegue aliar e trabalhar abordagens de ensino investigativo e de mídia educação, partindo de explicações prévias (de reuniões), a fim de relacionar o cotidiano do aluno com a matéria estudada através de um tema controverso em um material midiático. Assim, a pesquisa assumiu caráter de investigação qualitativa (ALVES-MAZZOTTI, 1991; BOGDAN E BIKLEN, 1994; CARVALHO, 2004), na qual os dados foram analisados na perspectiva análise de conteúdo categorial (FERREIRA e LOGUERCIO, 2014). As abordagens de ensino por investigação e mídia educação, objetivando um letramento científico, podem ser trabalhadas juntas, já que apresentam características em comum e até complementares. Dos aspectos analisados, podemos concluir que a visão do professor sobre o material midiático, apesar de positiva, não se fez eficaz na perspectiva da mídia educação. Evidenciamos, assim, a necessidade de cursos iniciais e de formação continuada que contemplem as pesquisas acadêmicas de modo realista a se ajustarem ao cotidiano do professor. A pesquisa se mostra relevante para pensarmos um ensino plural, cada vez mais mutável, com forte influência dos meios de comunicação e alunos cada vez mais autônomos e questionadores. / Since Biology is a constantly changing field of science, teaching materials often cannot follow these updates. A way to overcome this obstacle is ally them to the news content, stemmed from multimediatic materials that can, for example, be scientific texts. For content to be worked critically, in order to achieve scientific literacy, various approaches can be used, both in science education as those present in media education. Therefore, this interdisciplinary character leads to some questions: how to work more than one approach / education perspective; how far the teacher can apply the proposal in the classroom; and finally, what are the difficulties he faces and how to overcome them. The overall objective of the research was to study if the teacher is able to combine and work with nvestigative teaching approaches and media education, from previous explanations (meetings) in order to relate the daily life of the student with the subject studied by a controversial topic by a media material. Thus, the research took a qualitative research character (ALVES-MAZZOTTI, 1991; BOGDAN And BIKLEN, 1994; CARVALHO, 2004), in which the data were analyzed from the perspective categorical content analysis (FERREIRA and LOGUERCIO, 2014). The inquiry teaching and media literacy approaches, aiming at a scientific literacy, can be worked together, since they have common characteristics and even complementary. We conclude from the analyzed aspects that the teacher's view of the media material, although positive, was not effective in media literacy perspective. It was shown thus the need for initial and continuing education courses that address the academic research realistically to fit the teacher's daily life. The research shows itself relevant to think in a plural education, increasingly changeable, with strong influence of the media and students increasingly autonomous and questioning. / CAPES: 2016SLR04898

No trabalho a seguir buscamos compreender o papel da matemática na construção dos argumentos dos estudantes em atividades de ensino investigativas. Para o encaminhamento dessa pesquisa, realizamos uma revisão sobre argumentação e argumentação matemática com o intuito de obter elementos para a construção de um instrumento de análise de situações de ensino e aprendizagem. A partir desse estudo emergiu também a necessidade da consideração das diferentes linguagens usadas na comunicação e de observar a qualidade do processo argumentativo em termos de sua forma e conteúdo. Com a estruturação desse quadro teórico, elaboramos uma sequência de ensino investigativa (SEI) sobre quantidade de movimento, sua conservação e as leis de Newton, que agrupa as características encontradas, tal como a abdução, isto é, o uso de uma regra ou lei como hipótese que auxilia na explicação de um fato novo. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, analisamos a gravação em vídeo da aplicação dessa sequência em uma turma do primeiro ano do ensino médio, de uma escola pública do estado de Santa Catarina, com o auxílio do software Videograph, que facilita visualizar a ocorrência das categorias propostas em um gráfico temporal. Verificamos a intensa frequência das propriedades da argumentação destacadas, com um grande movimento das diferentes linguagens na construção dos significados, em especial a algébrica no processo de estimativas. Por outro lado, ficou explícita a desconexão entre fenômenos e suas representações, à medida que os estudantes se distanciaram do problema experimental do início da SEI e se envolveram no processo de resolução de problemas isso demanda o planejamento de atividades específicas para estimular a reflexão sobre essas situações. / In the following work we seek to understand the role of mathematics in the construction of the arguments of students in inquiry teaching activities. For forwarding this research, we conducted a review about argumentation and mathematical argumentation with the purpose to provide elements for the construction of an analytical tool for teaching and learning situations. From this study also emerged the need for consideration of the different languages used for communication and observe the quality of the argumentative process in terms of its form and content. With the structuration of this theoretical framework, we developed an Inquiry-Based Teaching Sequence (IBTS) about momentum, its conservation and Newton\'s laws, which brings together the features found, such as abduction, i.e. the use of a rule or law as hypothesis that helps to explain a new fact. To achieve our goals, we analyze the video recording of the application of this sequence in a first year high school class in a public school in the state of Santa Catarina, with the help of Videograph software that makes easy to observe the occurrence of the categories proposed in a temporal graph. We verified the intense frequency of the argument properties highlighted, with a large movement of the different languages in the construction of the meanings, especially the algebraic one on the estimation process. On the other hand, was explicit the disconnection between phenomena and their representations, as students distanced themselves from the experimental problem of the beginning of IBTS and became involved in the problem-solving process - that demand the planning of specific activities to stimulate reflection about these situations.