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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
251

A Method for Pixel-By-Pixel Absolute Quantitation in Positron Emission Tomography

Popescu, Alina 08 1900 (has links)
This study attempts to develop a method for absolute quantitation in Positron Emission Tomography. This includes the definition of the dimension and the position of a tumour in the brain as well as the evaluation of the amount of drug delivered to the tumour and to surrounding tissues in a pixel-by-pixel way, from the image. The defined objectives can be achieved using the calibrated FWHM values of the distribution of events in the tumour image, versus distance, to determine the dimension and the position of the tumour. The concentration activity in the tumour and the tumour-to-nontumour activity ratios can be obtained from the image, using a modified filter and the calibration of the tomograph. The colour scale of the image can be expressed in absolute units (μCi/ml) and the concentration activity can be evaluated in each pixel of the image or in each volume element of the body. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)
252

Electron-positron annihilation into photons at √s = 50 to 64 GeV

Sterner, Kevin L. 22 December 2005 (has links)
We present a study of e⁺e⁻ collisions where only photons are visible in the final state in data taken with the AMY detector at TRISTAN. Data are presented at CM energies from 50 to 64 GeV, with a total integrated luminosity of 189.1 pb⁻¹. Differential cross sections for e⁺e⁻ → γγ, γγγ are measured and compared to 𝛰(α³) QED. A search for electron compositeness through an e⁺e⁻ γγ contact interaction is conducted, and limits are presented. A search for the pair production of unstable photinos is also presented with limits. Finally, the result of a search for anomalous γγ production is presented, based upon energy scan data taken in December, 1992. / Ph. D.
253

Formation of protonium and positronium in atomic collisions

Whitehead, Richard John January 2001 (has links)
A minimum-norm method has been developed for solving the coupled integro-differential equations describing the scattering of positrons by one-electron targets in which the rearrangement channels for positronium formation have been explicitly included. The minimum-norm method, applied to this application for the first time in this thesis, is an enhancement of a previously reported least-squares method which has enabled the extension to a significantly larger basis consisting of up to 26 states on the direct centre, including pseudostates, and 3 states on the positronium. The method has been applied here to e+-H and e+-He+ scattering; cross-sections have been produced for the latter over a range of energies up to 250 eV. The basis was found to be large enough to produce smooth cross sections and little evidence of pseudoresonance structure was found. The results are the first converged cross sections to be calculated for e+-He+ scattering using the coupled channel approximation. Results for e+-H scattering compare well with the work of other authors. A highly efficient parallel code was developed for solving the largest coupling cases. The results prove the minimum-norm approach to be an accurate and reliable method for large-scale coupled channel calculations involving rearrangement collisions. Also in this thesis, the capture of slow antiprotons by atomic hydrogen and positronium has been simulated by the Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method. Statistically accurate cross sections for protonium and antihydrogen formation have been obtained and the energy dependence of the process established. Antihydrogen formation from antiproton collisions with positronium in the presence of a laser has also been simulated with the CTMC method and the effects of laser polarisation, frequency and intensity studied. Enhancements of the antihydrogen formation cross section were observed and it is suggested that more sophisticated calculations should be undertaken
254

Étude et développement d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire pour le suivi thérapeutique individualisé en cancérologie / Study and development of a PET device dedicated to cancer monitoring

Vandenbussche, Vincent 30 September 2014 (has links)
L'imagerie médicale remonte à la fin du XIXe siècle avec la découverte des rayons X par Röntgen. Depuis, de nombreuses modalités d'imagerie ont été développées, et sont aujourd'hui utilisées dans une large gamme d'indications cliniques. L'imagerie TEP (Tomographie par Émission de Positron) est une modalité fonctionnelle, quantitative et ayant une haute sensibilité, ce qui en fait une modalité de choix, notamment en cancérologie. Hélas, sa diffusion est freinée en comparaison avec le scanner ou l'imagerie par résonance magnétique, en raison de son coût notamment. C'est dans ce contexte que s'insère cette thèse, qui a pour objectif de montrer la faisabilité d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire dédié au suivi thérapeutique en cancérologie. À partir de développements instrumentaux originaux (localisation des gammas par division de lumière dans des barreaux scintillateurs, lecture à l'aide de Silicon PhotoMultiplier, géométrie compacte), ces travaux s'efforcent de baisser les coûts tout en restant compétitif en terme de performances. Dans un premier temps, une étude extensive de la division de lumière à travers toute une série de paramètres (longueur des barreaux scintillateurs, revêtement optique, matériau scintillateur, traitement des données) a été menée. Une résolution spatiale inférieure à 5 mm pour un barreau de 75 mm de LYSO emballé dans du teflon a notamment été obtenue. À partir de cette configuration, une première image a été reconstruite, à partir de deux modules en coïncidence, offrant une résolution spatiale de 5 mm pour un tel imageur. Enfin, toute une série de simulations a été menée, à partir des données expérimentales et avec une géométrie originale. En particulier, les performances ont été mesurées à partir du protocole NEMA, un standard permettant de comparer les performances à travers la littérature. Une résolution spatiale intrinsèque de l'ordre de 4 mm a été obtenue, soit meilleure que le marché actuel. La sensibilité de l'ordre de 2.5 cps/kBq est revanche relativement basse par rapport à l'existant, mais s'explique par un champ de vue axial restreint. Enfin, le potentiel en terme de quantification a été adressé, et est comparable au marché actuel. / Medical imaging first began at the end of the XIXth century with the discover of X-rays by Röntgen. Then, numerous imaging modalities have been developed and are used now for a wide range of cases. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has a high sensitivity, is functional and quantitative, thus being of high interest in cancer monitoring. Nevertheless, PET is not as much spread in hospitals as magnetic resonance imaging and scanner. In this context, this work aims to prove the faisability of PET dedicated for cancer monitoring. Thanks to instrumental developments such as light sharing in scintillating crystals, use of Silicon Photomultipliers, and an original geometry, cost is expected to be reduced while having same performances as commercial devices. An extensive study of light sharing within scintillating barrels has been made, through many parameters (crystal length, coating, data analysis...). An intrinsic spatial resolution of 4 mm has been measured over a 75 mm long crystal of LYSO, coated with teflon. From such a configuration, a first image has been reconstructed using two modules in coincidence. A spatial resolution of 5 mm has been measured in the image. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations has been made with experimental data as input, in order to measure the performances of the final PET device. Thanks to NEMA standard protocol, performances has been measured and compared to other systems. A spatial resolution of 4 mm has been reached, for a sensitivity of 2.5 cps/kBq. Quantification problem has been assessed, providing results similar to existing devices.
255

Stabilité, dispersion, et création de paires pour certains systèmes quantiques infinis / Stability, dispersion, and pair production for some infinite quantum systems

Sabin, Julien 12 December 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude mathématique des propriétés de stabilité de systèmes quantiques infinis, décrits par des modèles non linéaires. Dans les chapitres 1 et 2, on étudie l'instabilité du vide relativiste menant au phénomène de création de paires électron-positron. Dans le chapitre 3, on considère la dynamique de ce même vide relativiste couplé à un champ scalaire. Les chapitres 4 et 5 sont consacrés au caractère dispersif de la dynamique non linéaire de Hartree pour des perturbations de la mer de Fermi, et en particulier à sa stabilité orbitale et asymptotique. Enfin, le chapitre 6 introduit une notion générale d'entropie relative entre deux états comportant une infinité de particules. / This thesis is devoted to the mathematical study of stability properties of infinite quantum systems described by nonlinear models. In chapters 1 and 2, we study the instability of the relativistic vacuum leading to the phenomenon of electron-positron pair production. In chapter 3, we consider the dynamics of this same relativistic vacuum coupled to a scalar field. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to the dispersive behaviour of the nonlinear Hartree dynamics for perturbations of the Fermi sea, and in particular to its orbital and asymptotic stability. Finally, chapter 6 introduces a general notion of relative entropy between states having infinitely many particles.
256

Etude d'un modèle de champ moyen en électrodynamique quantique / Study of a mean-field model in quantum electrodynamics

Sok, Jérémy 08 July 2014 (has links)
Les modèles de champ moyen en QED apparaissent naturellement dans la modélisation du nuage électronique des atomes lourds. Cette modélisation joue un rôle croissant en physique et chimie quantique, les effets relativistes ne pouvant pas être négligés pour ces atomes. En physique quantique relativiste, le vide est un milieu polarisable, susceptible de réagir à la présence de champ électromagnétique.On se place dans le cadre du modèle variationnel de Bogoliubov-Dirac-Fock (BDF) qui est une approximation de champ moyen de la QED sans photon (en particulier, les interactions considérées sont purement électrostatiques).Il est à noter que pour donner un sens au modèle BDF, il est nécessaire d'introduire une régularisation ultra-violette. Il se produit un phénomène de renormalisation de charge due à la polarisation du vide : la charge de l'électron observée dépend de la charge « nue » de l'électron et du paramètre de régularisation. On étudie rigoureusement ce phénomène ainsi que le problème de la renormalisation de la masse. Cette dernière est en lien avec l'existence d'un état fondamental pour le système d'un électron dans le vide, en l'absence de tout champ extérieur. En revanche, on montre l'absence de minimiseurs dans le cas de deux électrons.Enfin, on exhibe des points critiques de l'énergie BDF, interprétés comme des états excités du vide. On met en évidence le positronium, système métastable d'un électron et de son antiparticule le positron, ainsi que le dipositronium, molécule métastable constituée de deux électrons et de deux positrons.Les méthodes utilisées sont variationnelles (concentration-compacité, lemme de Borwein et Preiss). / In QED, mean-field models appear in the modelling of the electron clouds of heavy atoms. This modelling plays a increasing role in physics and in quantum chemistry: relativistic effects cannot be neglected in these atoms. In relativistic quantum physics the vacuum is a polarizable medium that can react to the presence of an electromagnetic field.We consider the so-called Bogoliubov-Dirac-Fock (BDF) model, a variational model which is a mean-field approximation of no-photon QED (in particular the interactions are purely electrostatic).We point out that an ultraviolet regularisation is necessary to properly define the BDF model. The vacuum polarisation leads to a \emph{renormalisation} phenomenon, the "observed" charge of the electron depends on its "bare" charge and the regularisation parameter. We rigorously study both the problem of charge renormalisation and mass renormalisation. This last one is linked to the existence of ground state in the case of an electron in the vacuum, without any external field. In contrast, we show there is no ground state in the case of two electrons.Finally we exhibit some critical points of the BDF energy which are interpreted as vacuum excited states. In particular, there are the positronium (a metastable system constituted by an electron and its antiparticle called the positron) and the dipositronium (a metastable molecule constituted by two electrons and two positrons).The methods that we use are variational (concentration-compactness, Borwein and Preiss's Lemma).
257

A Bayesian Approach To Positron Emission Tomography

Mondal, Partha Pratim 12 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
258

Defect Studies In Metals, Alloys, and Oxides By Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy and Related Techniques

Agarwal, Sahil 01 September 2021 (has links)
No description available.
259

Studium defektů v kvazikrystalech metodou pozitronové anihilační spektroskopie / Studium defektů v kvazikrystalech metodou pozitronové anihilační spektroskopie

Vlček, Marián January 2011 (has links)
In the present work positron lifetime spectroscopy and coincidence spectroscopy of Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation were employed for investigations of defects in Mg alloys with icosahedral phase. Samples of WE43 alloy and WE43 alloy modified by addition of zinc were investigated. Positron trapping at vacancy-like defects associated with interface between the icosahedral phase Mg3Zn6Y1 and Mg matrix was observed. Investigations of MgZnAl-based alloys were performed as well. Vacancy-like defects were not detected in MgZnAl- based alloys by positron lifetime spectroscopy. However, coincidence spectroscopy of Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation revealed that positron trapping in the vincinity of icosahedral Mg44Zn41Al15 phase occurs. Several hypotheses ex- plaining different nature of positron trapping in WE43-based and MgZnAl-based alloys were proposed. Keywords: quasicrystals; positron annihilation spectroscopy; positron trapping; open-volume defects
260

Measurement of the positron polarization at an helical undulator based positron source for the International Linear Collider ILC

Laihem, Karim 25 August 2009 (has links)
Als Basis der Positronenquelle zur Erzeugung polarisierter Positronen bei einem zukuunftigen internationalen Linearkollider ist ein helikaler Undulator vorgesehen. Das E-166 Experiment testete diese Methode unter Benutzung eines ein Meter langen, kurzperiodischen, gepulsten helikalen Undulators im Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) am SLAC. Ein 46.6 GeV Elektronenstrahl mit geringer Emittanz wurde durch diesen Undulator gefuehrt und erzeugte zirkular polarisierte Photonen mit einer Energie bis zu ungefaehr 8 MeV. Diese wiederum konvertierten in einem relativ duennen Target zu longitudinal polarisierten Positronen. Die Polarisation der Positronen wurde bei 5 verschieden Positronenergien gemessen. Zusaetzlich ist die Polarisation von Elektronen fuer einen Energiepunkt gemessen worden. Um die gemessenen Asymmetrien mit den Erwartungen vergleichen zu koennen, waren detaillierte Simulationen noetig. Dies erforderte die Erweiterung von von GEANT4 um die wichtigsten polarisationsabhaengigen Wechselwirkungen von Elektronen, Positronen und Photonen mit Materie. Die gemessene Positronpolarisation stimmt mit den Erwartungen ueberein und betraegt fuer den Energiepunkt mit der hoechsten Polarisation von 6 MeV mehr als 80 prozent. / A helical undulator based polarized positron source is forseen at a future International Linear Collider. The E-166 experiment has tested this scheme using a one meter long, short-period, pulsed helical undulator installed in the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) at SLAC. A low-emittance 46.6 GeV electron beam passing through this undulator generated circularly polarized photons with energies up to about 8 MeV. The generated photons of several MeV with circular polarization are then converted in a relatively thin target to generate longitudinally polarized positrons. Measurements of the positron polarization have been performed at 5 different energies of the positrons. In addition electron polarization has been determined for one energy point. For a comparison of the measured asymmetries with the expectations detailed simulations were necessary. This required upgrading GEANT4 to include the dominant polarization dependent interactions of electrons, positrons and photons in matter. The measured polarization of the positrons agrees with the expectations and is for the energy point with the highest polarization at 6 MeV about 80 percent.

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