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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Fatigue-induced early onset of anticipatory postural adjustments how is early onset functional? /

Strang, Adam Jeffrey. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Physical Education, Health, and Sport Studies, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iv, 44 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-27).
32

Instabilidade postural em indivíduos obesos com deficiência intelectual

Lucena, Camila de Souza [UNESP] 26 July 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lucena_cs_me_rcla.pdf: 305179 bytes, checksum: 6f2b882000a95a43bddf02b90e85bf16 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O controle postural está relacionado com os ajustes corporais necessários à manutenção ou à busca da postura desejável, de acordo com a meta da tarefa. Mesmo um comportamento cotidiano como permanecer em pé, pode ser considerado uma tarefa complexa que envolve um estreito relacionamento entre informação sensorial e atividade motora. Barela (2000) afirma que as forças atuantes nos segmentos corporais não são constantes, pois, mesmo que a pessoa se mantenha o mais estável possível, o corpo nunca está totalmente imóvel. Por isso, a postura em pé é chamada de “quase-estável”. Algumas populações têm maior predisposição a apresentar problemas de ordem postural, como por exemplo, obesos, idosos ou pessoas com deficiência intelectual – DI. As pessoas obesas ou com sobrepeso, por apresentarem maior acúmulo de gordura na região abdominal, estão mais propensas à perda de equilíbrio ou eventuais quedas, pois o centro de massa está deslocado para frente. Uma população bastante exposta à obesidade é aquela com deficiência intelectual, quer seja por característica genética, por maus hábitos alimentares ou estilo de vida sedentário. A fim de verificar a associação da obesidade com a deficiência intelectual quanto ao controle postural em tarefa do tipo estática em pé, foram recrutados 40 participantes. A tarefa consistiu em permanecer em pé sobre uma plataforma de força e foram realizadas sete tentativas: uma chamada de controle na qual os pés permaneciam paralelos e os olhos abertos, três tentativas com os pés em posição semi-tandem – ST – e os olhos abertos e outras três tentativas com os pés em posição ST e os olhos fechados. As variáveis dependentes analisadas foram: amplitude média de oscilação e amplitude média da velocidade de oscilação, em ambas... / Postural control is related to the adjustments needed to maintain body or the search of desirable posture, according to the goal of the task. Even an everyday behavior such as standing, can be considered a complex task that involves a close relationship between sensory information and motor activity. According to Barela (2000) the forces acting on the body segments are not constant, so even if the person remains as stable as possible, the body is never completely still. Therefore, the standing posture is called quasi-static. Some populations are more likely to present postural problems, for example, obese, elderly or people with intellectual disabilities - ID. People who are obese or overweight, had higher accumulation of abdominal fat are more prone to loss of balance or falls, as the center of mass is moved forward. A population exposed for the obese is that with intellectual disabilities, whether by genetic feature, poor eating habits or sedentary lifestyle. In order to verify the association of obesity with intellectual disabilities on the postural control tasktype static standing, 40 participants were recruited. The task was to stand on a force platform and seven attempts were made: one call control in which the feet parallel and the eyes remained open, three attempts with their feet in a semi-tandem - ST - and open eyes and three more attempts with his feet in position ST and eyes closed. The dependent variables were analyzed: amplitude of oscillation and amplitude of the oscillation velocity in both ML and AP directions. The results showed that all participants had changed postural control in changing the position of the feet as in the occlusion of vision. The groups non-obese without ID and obese with ID were different for both variables, supporting the hypothesis that obesity affects postural control and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
33

Efeitos da reabilitação virtual no equilíbrio e mobilidade em idosos institucionalizados / Effects of virtual rehabilitation on equilibrium and mobility in institutionalized elderly people

Moreira, Lara Alves [UNESP] 13 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by LARA ALVES MOREIRA null (laraamfisio@gmail.com) on 2017-05-09T23:54:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao lara completa com ficha.pdf: 614332 bytes, checksum: dbe06acf982b06f5b21a79f59b9dd657 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-10T16:24:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_la_me_rcla.pdf: 614332 bytes, checksum: dbe06acf982b06f5b21a79f59b9dd657 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T16:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_la_me_rcla.pdf: 614332 bytes, checksum: dbe06acf982b06f5b21a79f59b9dd657 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional mundial crescente tem gerado consequências aos sistemas de saúde, resultando em sobrecarga na saúde e qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa, estendendo-se desde idosos na comunidade às Instituições de Longa Permanência (ILP’s). A realidade virtual surge como uma proposta inovadora de interação capaz de atingir todas as idades e como uma potente ferramenta a ser utilizada por profissionais de saúde. Objetivos: Verificar a presença de melhora do equilíbrio e mobilidade em idosos institucionalizados submetidos ao treinamento com tecnologia do Nintendo Wii no controle de equilíbrio e mobilidade. Métodos: Os idosos participantes (n=10) da pesquisa serão avaliados antes e após o protocolo de treinamento com realidade virtual com duração de 8 semanas. A mobilidade funcional será avaliada pelo teste Time Up and Go, enquanto a força de reação ao solo será avaliada pela plataforma de força AMTI. Após verificação da normalidade, serão adotados testes estatísticos apropriados para análise dos dados. Em todos os testes estatísticos, serão adotados o nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Ao avaliar os resultados pré e pós intervenção com Wii, enquanto o equilíbrio estático avaliado pela Plataforma de Força não apresentou diferença significativa, enquanto que no Timed Up and Go para avaliar a mobilidade funcional foi encontrada diferença significativa (p= 0,03). Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram que a intervenção com Nintendo Wii foi capaz de melhorar a mobilidade funcional e sugeriu melhora clínica no equilíbrio estático de idosos institucionalizados. / Introduction: Growing global population aging has had consequences for health systems, resulting in an overload on the health and quality of life of the elderly, ranging from elderly in the community to Long-term Institutions (ILPs). Virtual reality emerges as an innovative proposal of interaction capable of reaching all ages and as a powerful tool to be used by health professionals. Objectives: To verify the presence of improved balance and mobility in institutionalized elderly subjects submitted to training with Nintendo Wii technology in balance and mobility control. Methods: Elderly participants (n = 10) of the research will be evaluated before and after the virtual reality training protocol lasting 8 weeks. Functional mobility will be evaluated by the Time Up and Go test, while the ground reaction force will be evaluated by the AMTI force platform. After checking for normality, appropriate statistical tests shall be adopted for data analysis. In all statistical tests, the significance level of p <0.05 will be adopted. Results: When evaluating the pre and post intervention results with Wii, while the Static Balance evaluated by the Strength Platform did not present a significant difference, whereas in the Timed Up and Go to evaluate the functional mobility, a significant difference was found (p = 0.03) . Conclusion: the results demonstrated that the intervention with Nintendo Wii was able to improve functional mobility and suggested clinical improvement in the static equilibrium of institutionalized elderly.
34

Análise eletromiográfica da instabilidade crônica de tornozelo / Electromyographic analysis of chronic ankle instability

Thiago Toshi Teruya 30 March 2017 (has links)
A entorse de tornozelo pode ocorrer pela amplitude exagerada de inversão e flexão plantar. Lacuna importante no controle postural é a ação do ajuste postural antecipatório (APA) e compensatório (APC) para estabilizar a articulação do tornozelo. O reflexo de estiramento (M1) e as reações pré-programadas (M2 e M3) foram pouco exploradas em pessoas com instabilidade crônica de tornozelo (CAI). A co-ativação e inibição são fenômenos modulados em nível medular por neurônios excitatórios e inibitórios, mas as informações sobre esses fenômenos atuam na CAI são escassas. A fadiga muscular afeta negativamente as pessoas na condição de CAI. Logo, qual é a relação entre APA e APC no movimento de entorse de tornozelo? A CAI pode alterar as respostas M1, M2 e M3 por lesões osteomioarticulares do tornozelo? A fadiga pode alterar todas estas variáveis em pessoas com CAI? Esta dissertação de mestrado teve por objetivo geral analisar o sinal EMG no movimento simulado da inversão de tornozelo em atletas universitárias de futsal que possuem e que não possuem a CAI. A amostra foi composta por 24 atletas de futsal feminino universitário e foram divididos em dois grupos: controle e instabilidade. A simulação do movimento de entorse do tornozelo foi feita por meio de uma plataforma mecânica que simula o movimento de inversão de tornozelo. Foi utilizado um sistema de aquisição de sinais de 8 canais, onde foram utilizados 4 canais para registro EMG e 3 canais para o registro do sinal do acelerômetro. Para determinar o início e final do movimento da plataforma foi fixado um acelerômetro 3D em uma das bordas da plataforma de inversão. Foram realizar quedas aleatórias na plataforma de inversão antes e depois do protocolo de fadiga. Foram monitorados os músculos tibial anterior, fibular longo e curto e gastrocnêmio lateral. Os períodos analisados foram os APA, APC, reflexo de estiramento muscular e reações pré-programadas. Parece que durante os períodos M1, M2 e M3 há um fator de desproteção no grupo instabilidade, apesar de haver em alguns pares de músculos uma maior coerência, comparado com o grupo controle. Durante o APA os músculos eversores não foram alterados no grupo instabilidade, mas no APC os eversores foram menores comparados com o grupo controle, sugerindo um fator de desproteção. Na correlação cruzada, todos os pares de músculos foram maiores no grupo controle, uma forma de se opor ao movimento de inversão maior que o grupo instabilidade. A co-ativação e inibição recíproca foram alteradas com a fadiga, aumentando após a fadiga, mas a inibição recíproca foi maior somente no grupo controle, podendo mover a articulação do tornozelo de uma forma mais facilitada que o grupo instabilidade. A coerência de pares de músculos foi diferente somente nos grupos, sendo que durante o APC os músculos não sincronizaram de forma satisfatória no grupo instabilidade, somente durante APA e período M / Ankle sprain is an injury associated with sports and exercise and may be used for the exaggerated amplitude of inversion and plantar flexion. An important gap in postural control is the anticipatory (APA) and compensatory (CPA) postural adjustments to stabilize the ankle joint. The stretch reflex (M1) and the pre-programmed reactions (M2 and M3) were poorly explored in people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Coactivation and recíprocal inhibition are phenomena modulated at the spinal level by excitatory and inhibitory neurons, but the information about these phenomena in CAI is scarce. Negative effects of muscular fatigue affect persons with CAI. Therefore, What is the relationship between APA and CPA in the movement of ankle sprain? Can CAI change the M1, M2 and M3 responses due to osteomyoarticular ankle injuries? Can fatigue change all these variables in people with CAI? This dissertation aimed at analysing the EMG signal in the simulated ankle inversion movement task in female indoor soccer university athletes who have and do not have the CAI. Participants were 24 female indoor soccer college athletes divided in two groups: control and instability. Simulation of ankle sprain was performed with a mechanical platform that simulated the ankle inversion movement. An 8-channel signal acquisition system was used, which 4 channels were used for EMG recording and 3 channels to record accelerometer signal. For determine the beginning and end of the movement of the inversion platform a 3D accelerometer was fixed to one of the edges of the inversion platform. We performed random falls on the inversion platform before and after the fatigue protocol. Muscles monitored were mm. tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis and gastrocnemius lateralis. Data epochs were APA, CPA, muscle stretching reflex and preprogramed reactions. During M1, M2 and M3 epochs, there was an unprotection factor for instability group, although in some muscle pairs there were more coherence compared to control group. The eversor muscles were not changed in instability group compared with control group during APA epoch, it suggests an unprotect factor. All pair of muscles, the cross correlation were greater in control group to oppose the inversion movement greater in control group than instability group. Coactivation and reciprocal inhibition were changed with fatigue, increasing after fatigue, but reciprocal inhibition was greater only in control group, and could move the ankle joint more easily than for instability group. Coherence of muscle pairs was different only between groups, and during CPA the muscles did not synchronize satisfactorily for instability group, only during APA and M epochs
35

Influência imediata das peças podais das palmilhas posturais sobre a postural corporal, equilíbrio ortostático e distribuição da pressão plantar / Immediate influence of the podal elements of the postural insoles on the body postural, orthostatic balance and distribution of plantar pressure

Fernandes, Patrícia Guimarães 25 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-04-18T15:22:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patrícia Guimarães Fernandes - 2017.pdf: 1438653 bytes, checksum: 83f1cf1990c08ec596c533d5a63b7a95 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-20T14:43:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patrícia Guimarães Fernandes - 2017.pdf: 1438653 bytes, checksum: 83f1cf1990c08ec596c533d5a63b7a95 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T14:43:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patrícia Guimarães Fernandes - 2017.pdf: 1438653 bytes, checksum: 83f1cf1990c08ec596c533d5a63b7a95 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-25 / Introduction: Several types of insoles are used to promote changes in body positioning and improve balance. The postural insoles are orthoses used to correcting or improving postural alignment, balance and weight bearing. Podal elements are used in this insoles, positioned in specific places to promote this correction. The immediate effects of the elements on posture are factors that define the prescription of the insoles. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the literature about the effect of insoles on static balance and posture. We verified the immediate effects of the podal elements (infracapital and retrocalcanenus bar, calcaneus wedges and infracuboid element) on a posture, static balance and a weight bearing of healthy individuals. Methodology: The review was implemented in the Medline, PuMed, SciELO and Cochrane Library databases. Inclusion criteria of the studies: interventional studies with insoles, published from 2010 to 2016; measurement of postural variables and static balance; in Portuguese and English. Fifteen studies were selected. The experimental, controlled and randomized study included a sample composed of 60 healthy individuals divided by raffle in control group (30) and study group (30). The inclusion criteria were: individuals between 18 and 40 years of age of both genders without musculoskeletal pain complaints. The exclusion criteria were: reports of injuries or neurological diseases, vertigo or dizziness, pregnant women with spinal or foot surgeries, foot ulcers, amputation, visual impairment, who are using postural insoles, without girdles asymmetries and with discrepancy in the length of the lower limbs greater than 5 millimeters. Postural evaluation and static baropodometry and stabilometry were performed. From the postural changes, the podal elements were prescribed for the study group. Both underwent identical reassessment, in the study group with the elements under the feet. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test (S-W) was used and, from this test, parametric and non-parametric tests were used according to the variable. For the analysis of the posture the chi square test was used and for comparative analysis of baropodometry and stabilometry the Wilcoxon test was performed. Results: In the systematic review, we did not find a positive result of insoles on the posture, but the results indicated an improvement of the static balance with the use of insoles in individuals who already presented balance deficit. In the clinical trial, pelvic and scapular assimetries improved and the plantar pressure peak decreased (p <0.05). Conclusion: Although the results point to an improvement in the static balance, due to the wide variety of insoles and populations studied, it was not possible to establish a consensus in the systematic review. In the experimental study, the podal elements were able to improve the posture and distribution of plantar pressure. Positive effects on balance in normal subjects not be proved in this research, which may be due to the time of exposure to the stimulus and also to the characteristics of the sample. / Introdução: Diversas modalidades de palmilhas são utilizadas com o objetivo de promover mudanças no posicionamento corporal e melhorar o equilíbrio. As palmilhas posturais são órteses utilizadas com o propósito de corrigir ou melhorar o alinhamento postural, o equilíbrio e a descarga de peso. Peças podais são os relevos utilizados nessas palmilhas, posicionados em locais específicos com vistas a promover essa correção. Os efeitos imediatos das peças podais sobre a postura são fatores que definem a prescrição das palmilhas. Objetivo: Relizar uma revisão sistematizada da literatura sobre o efeito de palmilhas sobre o equilíbrio estático e a postura. Verificar os efeitos imediatos das peças podais (barra infracapital e retrocalcaneana, cunhas de calcâneo e elemento infracubóide) sobre a postura, equilíbrio estático e a descarga de peso plantar de indivíduos saudáveis. Metodologia: A Revisão sistematizada foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline, PuMed, SciELO e Biblioteca Cochrane. Os critérios de inclusão dos estudos foram: estudos intervencionistas com palmilhas, publicados de 2010 a 2016; medida de variáveis posturais e de equilíbrio estático; nos idiomas português e inglês. Foram selecionados 15 estudos. O estudo experimental, controlado e randomizado apresentou uma amostra composta de 60 indivíduos saudáveis divididos por sorteio em grupo controle (30) e grupo de estudo (30). Os critérios de inclusão foram: indivíduos entre 18 a 40 anos de idade de ambos os gêneros sem queixas álgicas musculoesqueléticas. Já os critérios de exclusão foram: relato de lesões ou doenças neurológicas, com vertigem ou tontura, gestantes, com cirurgias na coluna ou nos pés, úlceras nos pés, amputação de membros, deficiência visual, que estejam em tratamento com palmilhas posturais, sem assimetrias de cinturas e com discrepância no comprimento dos membros inferiores maior que 5 milímetros. Foi realizada avaliação postural e exame estático de baropodometria e estabilometria. A partir das alterações posturais foram prescritas as peças podais para o grupo de estudo. Ambos passaram por reavaliação idêntica, no grupo de estudo com as peças podais sob os pés. Foi usado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk (S-W) e, a partir desse, testes paramétricos e não paramétricos foram escolhidos conforme a variável. Para análise da postura foi aplicado o Teste Qui-quadrado e para as análises comparativas da baropodometria e estabilometria foi realizado o teste t e/ou Wilcoxon. Resultados: Na revisão sistematizada, não foi encontrado resultado positivo de palmilhas sobre a postura, porém os resultados apontaram melhora do equilíbrio estático com o uso de palmilhas em indivíduos que já apresentam déficit de equilíbrio. No ensaio clínico, houve melhora das básculas e rotações de cintura pélvica e escapular e diminuição do pico de pressão plantar (p<0,05). Conclusão: Apesar dos resultados apontarem uma melhora do equilíbrio estático, devido a ampla variedade de palmilhas e de populações estudadas, não foi possível estabelecer um consenso sobre o tema na revisão sistemática. No estudo experimental as peças podais promoveram melhora da postura e da distribuição da pressão plantar. Efeitos positivos sobre o equilíbrio em indivíduos normais não puderam ser comprovados nessa pesquisa, o que pode ter sido em função do tempo de exposição ao estímulo e também às características da amostra.
36

Estudo comparativo do equilíbrio postural dinâmico de atletas de futebol de campo e indivíduos sedentários / Comparative study of dynamic postural balance of field soccer athletes and sedentary individuals

Luciana Baltazar Dias 22 November 2011 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Atletas de futebol podem ter melhor equilíbrio que sedentários, pois os programas de treinamento sensório-motor melhoram a função motora, aumentam o controle neuromuscular e promovem a melhora da propriocepção. Este estudo teve como objetivos: avaliar o equilíbrio postural e a influência da dominância e dos fatores antropométricos em atletas de futebol de campo e indivíduos sedentários. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 100 indivíduos do gênero masculino divididos em dois grupos: 50 atletas de futebol de campo (GA) com idade de 18,0+0,7 anos e 50 indivíduos sedentários (GS) com idade de 17,6+0,6 anos. Os grupos foram analisados em relação à massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), flexibilidade e percentagem de gordura. Para avaliação do equilíbrio foi utilizado o protocolo Dynamic Balance System, nível 8 de estabilidade do equipamento Biodex Balance System (BBS). RESULTADOS: Os atletas apresentaram melhores índices no membro dominante no teste para a direita (p = 0,039) e no membro não-dominante no teste para trás/esquerda (p=0,007). Os sedentários tiveram melhores índices no teste realizado para a direita (p=0,034) no membro não dominante. Nos demais índices, não houve diferença estatística. O GS teve melhor desempenho do membro não dominante quando comparado com o dominante na maioria dos testes realizados. No GA houve melhor desempenho do membro não dominante no índice de estabilidade geral (p=0,027) e para esquerda (p=0,009). Houve fraca correlação entre medidas antropométricas e os índices de equilíbrio medidos pelo BBS nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Não há diferença no equilíbrio postural de atletas de futebol de campo e indivíduos sedentários. A dominância afeta o equilíbrio unipodal dos indivíduos sedentários, mas não afeta dos atletas de futebol de campo da categoria juniores. Os fatores antropométricos não interferiram no equilíbrio / INTRODUCTION: Soccer athletes may have a better balance than sedentary individuals, once sensory-motor training programs improve the motor function, increase neuromuscular control and promote a better balance and proprioception. The aim of this study was to assess the postural balance and the influence of the dominance and of anthropometric measures on field soccer athletes and sedentary individuals. METHODS: One hundred male individuals were assessed and divided in two groups: 50 field soccer players (AG) aged 18+0,7 years and 50 sedentary individuals (SG) aged 17,6+0,6 years. Groups were analyzed regarding body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), flexibility and fat percentage. Balance was assessed using the Dynamic Balance System protocol, level 8 of stability of the Biodex Balance System (BBS) equipment. RESULTS: Athletes presented better indexes in the dominant member in the test performed to the right (p=0,039), and in the non-dominant member in the test to backward/left (p=0,007). Sedentary individuals presented better indexes in the test performed to the right (p=0,034) in the non-dominant member. There was no statistical difference in the other tests. The SG presented better performance of the non-dominant member when compared to the dominant member in most of the tests performed. In the AG, there was a better performance of the non-dominant member in the overall stability index (p=0,027) and to the left (p=0,009). There was poor correlation between anthropometric measures and balance indexes measured by the BBS in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in postural balance between field soccer athletes and sedentary individuals. The dominance affected the unipodal balance of sedentary individuals, but not of field soccer athletes from the junior category. The anthropometric indexes did not interfere in the postural balance
37

Impact of Neuromuscular Fatigue on the Postural Response to Externally Initiated, Predictable Postural Perturbations

Kennedy, Ashley C. January 2013 (has links)
Neuromuscular fatigue, even that caused by light submaximal exercise, impairs motor performance and alters motor planning. This impairment is evident in muscle reaction time, force production capacity and joint position sense as well as in more complex tasks such as postural stability. When an individual is fatigued their postural sway increases and they are less able to recover from unexpected postural perturbations. Although a large number of work-related falls are caused by fatigue every year, the mechanisms behind the instability are not well understood. Since postural control does not require a large amount of muscular strength it is unclear whether the post-fatigue changes in posture are due to impairment within the muscle fibers or are a central modification of the motor plan used to execute the movement task. In order to better understand neuromuscular fatigue researchers have labeled fatigue occurring within the muscles ‘peripheral fatigue’ and that occurring within the central nervous system ‘central fatigue’. At the onset of a muscular contraction peripheral and central fatigue develop simultaneously, making it difficult to clearly articulate the role that they each play in the decreased motor performance found post-fatigue. Techniques such as transcranial magnetic and electrical nerve stimulation quantify the contribution of central fatigue to the decreased maximal force production but the impact on motor planning is still not well understood. Therefore, the primary aim of this doctoral dissertation was to isolate central fatigue from peripheral muscle fatigue and to compare the influence that it may have on dynamic postural control to the changes caused by general fatigue of the local postural muscles. This overarching research goal was accomplished through five separate studies. The first study in this dissertation determined that at least seven postural trials needed to be performed to ensure that the participants had fully adapted to the postural task before the fatigue protocol was implemented. Experiment 2 characterized the fatigue produced by bilateral, isometric ankle muscle contractions and examined the recovery of the central and peripheral changes throughout a ten-minute post-fatigue recovery period. The results demonstrated that the alternating maximal ankle plantar and dorsiflexor contractions created central and peripheral fatigue. Central fatigue recovered within the first two minutes post-fatigue while peripheral fatigue lasted throughout the ten-minute post-fatigue period. Experiment 3 analyzed the impact of this ankle muscle fatigue protocol on the postural response to a continual, externally driven, sinusoidal oscillation of the support platform. In this study the fatigued participants were able to stabilize their center of mass displacement using two different anticipatory postural responses to the backwards perturbation whereas all of the participants used the same anticipatory response to the forwards perturbation. All three postural responses became progressively more conservative throughout the ten-minute post-fatigue period, despite the rapid recovery of the ankle force production capacity. The final two studies characterized the fatigue produced during a continuous, isometric forearm contraction and assessed the impact on ankle motor performance (Experiment 4) and on postural control (Experiment 5). Peripheral fatigue created in the forearm muscles during this contraction remained throughout the post-fatigue testing session. Central fatigue and a decreased maximal force production capacity were quantified in both the forearm and ankle plantarflexor muscles immediately after the forearm contraction, indicating that central fatigue created during the forearm exercise crossed over to the distal and unrelated ankle plantarflexor muscles. The influence of the central fatigue created during the forearm contraction affected the anticipatory postural response in a similar way to the fatigue created by the ankle fatigue protocol. The post-fatigue modification of the postural response dissipated as the central fatigue recovered. Taken together, these five studies extend the current understanding of how exercise induced neuromuscular fatigue modifies the central nervous system’s control of complex motor tasks.
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FATIGUE-INDUCED EARLY ONSET OF ANTICIPATORY POSTURAL ADJUSTMENTS: HOW IS EARLY ONSET FUNCTIONAL?

Strang, Adam Jeffrey 29 November 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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POSTURAL MODULATION FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF VISUAL PERFORMANCE

Pagulayan, Randy J. January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
40

Postural Instabilities and the Maintenance of Bi-manual Rhythmic Movement

Amado, Avelino 07 November 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Most research on bimanual rhythmic coordination has occurred with the participants in a seated posture. Many activities of daily living, however, require the interaction of standing postural and manual tasks. A population of individuals that are ideal for studying the integration of a manual task into the ongoing control of posture are expert marching percussionists; they have learned to produce rhythmic movements accurately under a variety of temporal and postural constraints. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the integration of bimanual rhythmic movements and posture in expert marching percussionists. Participants (N=11) were recruited from the University of Massachusetts Drumline, and were asked to perform three rhythmic tasks [1:1, 2:3, and 2:3-F (2:3 rhythm played faster at a self-selected tempo)] in one of three postures: sitting, standing on one foot, and standing on two feet. Discrete relative phase, postural time-to-contact, and coherence analysis, were used to analyze the performance of the manual task, postural control, and the integration between postural and manual performance. Across all three rhythms, discrete relative phase mean and variability (SD) results showed no effects of posture on rhythmic performance. The complexity of the manual task (1:1 vs 2:3) had no effect on postural time-to-contact. However, increasing the tempo of the manual task (2:3 vs. 2:3=F) did result in a decreased postural time-to-contact in the two-footed posture). Coherence analysis revealed that the coupling between the postural and manual task significantly decreased as a function of posture (going from a two footed to a one footed posture) and rhythmic complexity (1:1 vs. 2:3). Taken together, these results demonstrate that expert marching percussionists systematically decouple postural and manual fluctuations in order to preserve the performance of the rhythmic movement task.

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