The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a policy community for disability sport in England. Whilst structured competitive disability sport may traditionally have been organised and run by charitable bodies, segregated from mainstream non-disabled sport, contemporary policies stress a need for disability sport to be the responsibility of mainstream organisations. However, there is a dearth of literature that considers how disability sport policy has developed, which agencies have been powerful in the organisational network, and the significance of the values of key actors in the policy process and outcome. This study; a) establishes the key characteristics of disability sport policy in England, and b) establishes the interests, resources, power and relationships between organisations involved in disability sport and determines the ideologies of key actors involved in disability sport policy. Data is generated in three phases using an analysis of policy documents, a survey of 162 sports organisations and 21 interviews with key personnel. In Phase I semi-structured interviews with key personnel combined with documentary analysis were used to establish how disability sport emerged and developed. Informed by the data from Phase 1, in Phase 2a survey of governing bodies of sport and disability sport organisations was conducted to establish which national organisations are involved in the policy network, how disability sport policy is formed, the role organisations play and ideologies of key actors. In Phase 3, informed by the data from Phases I and 2 and using interviews and documentary analysis, two case studies were carried out to examine, 1) the formation and role of the English Federation of Disability Sport, and 2) the mainstreaming of disability sport. The analysis of data is informed by theories of disability, a history of disability policy and sports policy, and three prominent theories of policy analysis: Marsha and Rhodes' policy network model, Sabatier's advocacy coalition framework and Kingdon's policy streams approach. (Continues...).

Main goal of this thesis was to evaluate differences in eating habits of people who are actively involved in power sport rowing and adult people who make some sport, but only recreationally or do not make any sport at all.

Orientador: Paulo Roberto de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T22:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SouzaJunior_TacitoPessoade_D.pdf: 3410954 bytes, checksum: ab647c6b1282c3a05d999c4b85100d1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O treinamento de força é o método mais eficiente para o aumento da força e da massa muscular, principalmente quando aliado a suplementação com creatina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar duas metodologias de treinamento e verificar as alterações ocorridas na morfologia e funcionalidade do músculo esquelético. Vinte voluntários, com idades variando entre 19 e 25 anos, do sexo masculino, tendo pelo menos um ano de experiência com exercícios com pesos, foram selecionados e divididos em dois grupos (A, pausas constantes, n = 10 e B, pausas decrescentes, n = 10). Os grupos foram submetidos às avaliações antropométricas, testes de ação muscular voluntária máxima dinâmica (1AMVMD) e ressonância magnética. O protocolo de treinamento consistiu em 18 semanas, sendo oito semanas sem suplementação (Fase A), uma semana de reavaliação e mais oito semanas (Fase B), com suplementação de creatina monoidratada (CrH2O). As duas primeiras semanas de treinamento em ambas as fases (Fase A1 e B1), consistiram de exercícios realizados com 50% de 1AMVMD, com pausas de 120 segundos entre os mesmos. Nas seis semanas subseqüentes (Fase A2 e B2), o treinamento de hipertrofia consistiu na utilização de 80% de 1AMVMD para ambos os grupos, sendo que a suplementação com CrH2O ocorreu apenas na Fase B2. Após as 18 semanas, verificou-se que tanto no grupo A como no grupo B, houve alterações estatísticas significantes (ES) na resultante de forca máxima dinâmica (RFMD) no exercício supino e no agachamento (P = 0,0190 e 0,0020, respectivamente), em relação ao pré-treinamento, bem como nas variáveis antropométricas nas etapas avaliativas (E2 e E3). Os resultados são apresentados na forma de mediana e intervalo interquartil. Para verificar a significância da diferença entre os grupos, aplicou-se a prova estatística de Mann-Whitney. A significância estatística do treinamento foi determinada pela prova de Wilcoxon. Para ambos os testes, aceitou-se a significância estatística em alfa inferior ou igual a 5%. Independente da suplementação, ambos os grupos apresentaram alterações positivas em relação ao pré-treinamento. Porém, a metodologia com aumento da densidade da carga se mostrou mais eficaz sem e principalmente com a suplementação de CrH2O / Abstract: Resistance training is the most efficient method for increasing strength and muscle mass, mainly when allied with the creatine supplementation. The purpose of this work was to compare two methodologies of training and verify the alterations at morphology and functionality of skeletal muscle. Twenty male volunteers with age between 19 and 25 years, with at least 1 year of experience in resistance training, were selected and randomly divided in 2 groups (A, constant pause rest, n = 10 and B, decreasing pause rest, n = 10). The groups were submitted to the anthropometrics measurements and tests of maximum voluntary muscular action (1MVMA) and magnetic resonance. The training protocol consisted of 18 wk, witch 8 wk without supplementation (Phase A), 1 wk of revaluation and plus 8 wk (Phase B) with creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrH2O). The first two weeks in the both phases (Phases A1 and B1), consisted of exercises with 50% of 1MVMA, with 120 s pause each one. The subsequent 6 wk (Phase A2 and B2), the hypertrophy training consisted of 80% of 1MVMA for both groups in whitch the creatine supplementation occurred only in the Phase B2. After the 17th wk it was verified that both groups had statistically significant (SS) alterations in the resultant of the dynamic maximum strength (RDMS) of bench press and squat (P = 0,0190 and 0,0020, respectively), in relation to the pre-test, as well as the anthropometrics variables in evaluative stages (E1 and E2). The results were presented in the form of median interquartile interval. The Mann-Whitney U was carried out to determine the differences between groups. The statistic significance was established by the Wilcoxon test. For both tests the statistic significance was established in ? = 0,05. Independent of the supplementation, both groups had demonstrated positive alterations in relation to pre-test. Nevertheless, the methodology with higher density demonstrated to be more efficient without and mainly with CrH2O supplementation / Doutorado / Doutor em Educação Física