This thesis contributes to the field of strategy-as-practice by developing understanding of the enacted performance of power within strategic interactions, an area that is underdeveloped. This is addressed by voicing the silences within the field of strategy-as-practice using an organisational studies lens. The study investigates the macro-influences of power, gender, body, culture, and Westernisation on micro-strategising activities and is based on an empirical cross-cultural study of a Saudi Arabian business college. The strategy-as-practice approach faces the challenge of balancing a focus on the specified actions of individuals and remaining aware of the social influences that govern them. This study complements linguistic approaches to understanding strategy with an embodied socially enacted dramaturgical approach to strategy analysis. Dramaturgy is the theoretical and methodological framework used to focus on micro-face-to-face interactions of strategists, complemented by frame analysis which enables invistigation of macro-level aspects of analysis at the meso-organisational level. The analysis focuses on two main areas: first it explores the embodied gendered aspects of strategising, which have previously been marginalised within the field. This analysis shows how the doing and undoing of gender on a managerial level in mixed-gender strategic interactions reflects the values that govern the family context, maintaining traditional values and often constraining women from assuming active roles as participants in strategising. Second, it analyses the tensions that arise between the clash of modernity and tradition by the adoption of international/Western management practices. These institutional influences create conflicts within strategists’ scripts when tradition encounters modernity in confronting a significant aspect of the Arab struggle. This analysis focuses on the importance of adopting a multi-level of analysis that aknowledges both structure and agency within strategising contexts. It also considers the importance of adopting a different type of ethics that is more sensitive to the particularities of caring for the ‘other’.

<p>In this study, I explored the experiences of gender and power relations among a group of black women holding leadership positions in six government departments in the Western Cape. South Africa is in a process of transition and, to create a departure from the past, key objectives focus around the transformation of gender disparities and the eradication of racism and other forms of inequality and discrimination in all spheres of this society. There are many methods utilized to increase the number of women in leadership positions in the private and public sectors. However, there is a lack of research regarding the social environment for women once they have entered into these structures (Angevine, 2006). This study made use of a feminist qualitative methodology which guided the research. Six semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted in order to carry out an in-depth exploration of participants&rsquo / experiences. After the participants had given consent, the interviews were audio-recorded, then transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed in accordance with qualitative thematic analysis. All standard ethical considerations to protect the participants and the researcher were taken into account and practised throughout the research. The findings show evidence that black African women leaders in government departments have internalized learnt subservient characteristics / and that this serves to undermine their authority as leaders. Specifically, larger social power relations and traditional forms of authority undermine their capacity to express authority in work environments. They also experience both subtle and blatant racist and sexist prejudice in the form of stereotypes and hostility in the workplace. A minority of women managers actively oppose the gendered notions that undermine their leadership. Ultimately, black African women managers are not accepted or supported as legitimate leaders in the workplace. Women leaders are perceived to be incapable of performing effectively as leaders because of gender and racial stereotypes that serve as hindrances to their expression of leadership. The study found that some participants conform to the socially constructed notion of maintaining a work-life balance and this poses a challenge for such leaders. Those who are married attempt to balance career and life by maximizing on their management of their time. A number of women had made the personal decision to remain single in order to focus explicitly on their careers.</p>

<p>In this study, I explored the experiences of gender and power relations among a group of black women holding leadership positions in six government departments in the Western Cape. South Africa is in a process of transition and, to create a departure from the past, key objectives focus around the transformation of gender disparities and the eradication of racism and other forms of inequality and discrimination in all spheres of this society. There are many methods utilized to increase the number of women in leadership positions in the private and public sectors. However, there is a lack of research regarding the social environment for women once they have entered into these structures (Angevine, 2006). This study made use of a feminist qualitative methodology which guided the research. Six semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted in order to carry out an in-depth exploration of participants&rsquo / experiences. After the participants had given consent, the interviews were audio-recorded, then transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed in accordance with qualitative thematic analysis. All standard ethical considerations to protect the participants and the researcher were taken into account and practised throughout the research. The findings show evidence that black African women leaders in government departments have internalized learnt subservient characteristics / and that this serves to undermine their authority as leaders. Specifically, larger social power relations and traditional forms of authority undermine their capacity to express authority in work environments. They also experience both subtle and blatant racist and sexist prejudice in the form of stereotypes and hostility in the workplace. A minority of women managers actively oppose the gendered notions that undermine their leadership. Ultimately, black African women managers are not accepted or supported as legitimate leaders in the workplace. Women leaders are perceived to be incapable of performing effectively as leaders because of gender and racial stereotypes that serve as hindrances to their expression of leadership. The study found that some participants conform to the socially constructed notion of maintaining a work-life balance and this poses a challenge for such leaders. Those who are married attempt to balance career and life by maximizing on their management of their time. A number of women had made the personal decision to remain single in order to focus explicitly on their careers.</p>

This dissertation investigates how the category of gender difference was mobilised as a practice of power at the early modern court. It argues that gender was not simply a relational category affecting who could participate in early modern politics in what ways, but that it constituted a crucial and active resource of dynastic power. This subject of study is opened up through a case study of the court of Württemberg in the subsequent reigns of Dukes Friedrich I and his son Johann Friedrich, which span the period of time from 1593 to 1628. The reign of Duke Friedrich I was a time of political reform, which saw the influence of the local estates curtailed and an extroverted foreign policy pursued, whilst the duke concurrently entertained several extramarital affairs in contention with Lutheranism’s prescriptions. His son Johann Friedrich clearly took exception to his father's lifestyle, since, at Friedrich's premature death in 1608, he imprisoned a number of his father's mistresses and procuresses. He was forced to let the majority of these women go again quite quickly, keeping only one suspected procuress in custody, whose case was to drag on until 1618. Johann Friedrich's mother Duchess Sibylla, who had borne fifteen children to Friedrich and thus became the Stammesmutter of a new Württemberg dynastic line, was involved in these dealings. The contrast of these two differently structured approaches to rulership allows for the investigation of the power dynamics of monogamy and polygamy in one coherent case study. Württemberg is an interesting location for this research since it was a large and important territory of southern Germany, which came to be deeply involved in Protestant resistance in the worsening religious strife leading up to the Thirty Years’ War. Documents ranging from court ordinances, festival descriptions and servants registers, to courtly correspondences, juridical supplications and declarations have been consulted. This broad range of primary sources facilitates the investigation of the salience of gender difference both in the context of a courtly system heading a polity, as well as on the level of individual actors whose personhood was intricately entwined with their gendered identities. It is argued here that it is imperative to avoid a fragmentation within court studies into gender and women’s history on the one side and political approaches on the other, in order to maximise our understanding of the practice of power located at early modern courts. Gender difference complicated and further differentiated courtly status hierarchies and lent flexibility to increasingly rigid sets of dynastic rules about reproduction, succession, and etiquette, which had a beneficial impact on the longevity of the dynastic system.

5 Abstract This diploma thesis focuses on the structure of relationships and the influence of power in the documentary image of the total institution of female prisons. The total institution is, seen from the outside, an impenetrable institution. This fact enables us to analyse the structure of relationships and the influence of power more easily than in an open surroundings. The environment of female prisons is also defined from the point of view of gender - gender socialises us, we constantly refer to gender, gender is an organising principle. The aim of this diploma thesis is to find the answer where to gender projects itself in the environment of ostensibly no-gender determination. The research of the thesis defines the study of a docusoap, broadcasted at Nova TV in 2015. The study also contains an analysis of an interview with the producer of the show. Based on this analysis I come to the conclusion that within the documentary image of female prisons it is visible that the prison keeps the stereotyped image of a "real" woman and the whole prison is run according to this model. This means that gender stereotypes mirror mainly in everyday functions of the prison. The next reflection of gender stereotypes is evident in the relationships between the inmates themselves and further differentiation between...

This thesis focuses on the weddings, which has been assisted by a wedding agency. The work focuses mainly on the wedding day, on capturing the distribution of tasks and competences in planning and acting of participants (fiancés, parents and organizers) and the factors leading to it. The aim of the research is to examine the practices of the couples and focus on the distribution of power, gender stereotypes and moments that are negotiated between generations in the context of traditions and financial capital. The thesis describes the social concept of a relationship and captures the factors associated with the form of contemporary relationships such as the change of love, intimacy and sexuality in the relationship. The key period is a transition to a modern, respectively a postmodern form of this relationship in our territory that will serve as the basis for my analysis. Wedding will be also described as a changing event with several components that can significantly affect the course of the wedding - especially the traditions, customs and roles and tasks of individual wedding actors associated with their wedding competences which have an economic character. Keywords: wedding, love, power, gender, tradition, wedding agency, financial capital

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson_Costa_Souza.pdf: 870191 bytes, checksum: f7d6975615cab8cdcd7da815347658cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In several occasions, Presbyterian Church of Brazil s leaders have revealed the desire of equal distance between fundamentalist and liberal extremes. However, the discourses and practices of this ecclesiastical institution contrast with this official positioning. Moreover, such assumed position of equal distance between fundamentalist and liberal extremes does not denote strict boundaries, but it is an effective device for legitimizing power at moments of changes in religious field, mainly in situations of internal crises. Likewise, after redemo-cratization of Brazil and the consequent increase of religious pluralism, there was a change in Brazilian social field, causing difficulties in more conservatives sections of this institu-tion. Nowadays, it is sought to revitalize religious tradition before the threats of dissolution which was imposed by modern process of emancipation and by secular and supposedly atheistic conceptions of life (such as feminism, the fight in defense of reproductive rights, civil union between same-sex people, the so called &#8213;movement of lesbian, gays, bisexuals, transvestites and transgenders, etc.). In religious field, the immediate results of that attitude of reaction before social changes which was imposed by modernity are: (1) misogyny; (2) manifestation of religious-political activism in a conservative way that is, Protestants with fundamentalist trend, whose expansion in Brazil are growing decades ago in a very known speedy rhythm, based on a pattern of successful proselytism among the poorest layer of Brazilian population, throughout domestic territory.(AU) / Em diversas ocasiões, os líderes da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil revelaram o desejo de uma eqüidistância teológica dos extremos liberais e fundamentalistas. Entretanto, os dis-cursos e as práticas dessa instituição eclesiástica contrastam com esse posicionamento ofici-al. Além disso, essa pretensa posição de eqüidistância dos extremos liberais e fundamenta-listas não denota fronteiras rígidas, mas é um instrumento eficaz de legitimação do poder nos momentos de reconfiguração do campo religioso, principalmente em situações de crises internas. Outrossim, após a redemocratização do Brasil e o conseqüente aumento de plura-lismo religioso, houve a transformação do campo social brasileiro, provocando dificuldades em setores mais conservadores dessa instituição. Atualmente, procura-se revitalizar a pró-pria tradição religiosa diante das ameaças de sua dissolução impostas pelos processos e-mancipatórios modernos e pela influência das concepções seculares e supostamente atéias da vida (como o feminismo, a luta em defesa dos direitos reprodutivos, a união civil entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, o chamado &#8213;movimento de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transgêneros&#8214; etc.). No campo religioso, os resultados imediatos dessa postura de reação em face das transformações sociais impostas pela modernidade são: (1) misoginia; (2) aquela manifestação de ativismo político-religioso de caráter conservador os protestantes de pen-dor fundamentalista, cuja expansão no Brasil se vem processando há muitas décadas, em ritmo sabidamente veloz, com base em um modelo de proselitismo muito bem-sucedido entre as camadas mais pobres da população brasileira, por todo território nacional.(AU)

Feministische Rechtswissenschaft beschäftigt sich mit der Vergeschlechtlichung des Rechts und seiner Diskurse. Sie benennt und analysiert Ungleichheiten aufgrund des Geschlechts, die durch das Recht legitimiert oder hergestellt werden. Feministische Rechtswissenschaft setzt sich mit dem Potenzial von Recht als feministischem und emanzipatorischem Instrument auseinander. Anhand des ‚Dilemmas der Differenz‘ wird deutlich, wie ambivalent rechtliche Bemühungen um Gleichstellung ausfallen. Feministische Rechtswissenschaft knüpft an die Lebenswirklichkeiten von Frauen* an und ist in allen Rechtsgebieten – vom Verfassungsrecht über die Rechtsgeschichte bis hin zu Familien-, Arbeits- und Strafrecht – vertreten.