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Dance has attracted little scientific interest on the effects of physical fitness improvements on performance and injury severity, particularly with respect to contemporary dance. The main aims of the current work were: a) to observe the physical demands of dance performance; b) to develop a reliable dance-specific performance tool; c) to assess the association between selected physical fitness parameters and performance in contemporary dance by using a new reliable method (AC test); d) to assess selected physical fitness parameters in relation to injury severity in contemporary dance; e) to study the effects of increased fitness parameters on performance through a randomized controlled trial. A total of 50 performances, performed by 20 dancers, were monitored by using a portable accelerometers (SWA armbands) and heart rate monitors while 45 performances in DVDs were video analysed. Six dancers and two dance teachers were recruited to test a newly developed performance tool. A sample made of 41 dancers were recruited and assessed for aerobic fitness (DAFT), lower body muscular power (jump height test), upper body muscular endurance (press-ups test), flexibility (active and passive hip ROM), body composition (skinfolds), performance (n=17) and injury severity (n=16). In order to investigate the effects of the supplementary fitness training on performance, 24 of the total 41 dancers, were randomly assigned to either an intervention (n=12) or control (n=12) group. The intervention group undertook a specifically designed exercise-training programme (circuit and WBV training) lasting six weeks. Both groups were re-tested for physical fitness levels and performance at the end of the intervention period. Results revealed that performance intensities varied from light to moderate while these were observed with the use of pliés and jumps as well as lifting other dancers. Based on the seven most frequently used criteria by selected pre-professional contemporary dance institutions and companies, a novel performance tool (AC tool) was developed with an inter-rater reliability of r=0.96. There was a significant correlation between aesthetic competence (AC) scores and jump ability (r=0.55) and press-ups (r=0.55), respectively. Stepwise backward multiple regression analysis revealed that the best predictor of AC was press-ups (R2=0.30, p=0.03, 95% confidence intervals=0.11–1.34). Univariate analyses also revealed that the interaction of press-ups and jump ability improved the prediction power of AC (R2=0.44, p=0.004, 95% confidence intervals=0.009–0.04). Pearson’s correlation coefficients detected significant negative correlations between the mean score recorded for injury severity (expressed as TDO) and lower body muscular power (r=-0.66; p=0.014); backward regression analysis also revealed that, from all studied parameters, the strongest predictor of TDO was lower body muscular power (p=0.014). For the intervention group repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant increases (pre vs. post) in aerobic fitness (p<0.05), lower body muscular power (p<0.05), upper body muscular endurance (p<0.05) and performance (p<0.05). Linear regression analyses indicated that the only significant predictor of AC was aerobic capacity (F=7.641; p=0.03); the interaction of press-ups and aerobic capacity (F=6.297; p=0.036), and lower body muscular power with aerobic capacity (F=5.543; p=0.05) demonstrated an improved prediction power. These results show that the observed contemporary dance performance is an intermittent type of activity of moderate intensity. Given the reliability of the AC tool, it is concluded that upper body muscular endurance and jump ability best predict AC of contemporary dancers. Reduced lower body muscular power is associated with increased severity of injuries. Finally, supplementary exercise training significantly increases lower body muscular power, upper body muscular endurance and aerobic fitness, which in turn are beneficial to improve AC of contemporary dancers.

Bodies - be they fleshy or other - are simultaneously made by, made of, moved by, and the makers and movers of other bodies. Driven by the questions how do bodies emerge? what makes bodies move? and what can bodies do? bodies are placed at the very centre of this book in order to explain and show, not only how such bodily making and re-making - (re)making - and movement is done, but also why awareness and understanding of the processes and practices involved in the continual and ongoing (re)making and moving of bodies - of three particular kinds in particular (bodies of power/knowledge, humanised bodies, and bodies politic) - is vital to the study of international relations, conflict, and security and thus to the discipline of International Relations (IR). In short, bodies - of these three kinds in particular - require foregrounding because international relations, conflicts, and security practices are conducted by, on, and for bodies (humanised bodies and bodies politic in particular), according to bodies (namely referred to as dominant bodies of power/ knowledge, which become fleshed out as material bodies including humanised bodies and bodies politic and enact statecraft, further down the line). Moreover, as demonstrated in this book, which takes up the broad empirical case of post-9/11 American body politics and two case studies into the visual body politics of suffering and dead American soldiers since 9/11 and the 2013 Camp Delta hunger strike, there is much to be gained by taking the very particular embodiments of bodies into account, as every body is unique and it is according to distinctive bodily features, malaise/ailments, and feelings that bodies are moved to act (and in turn touch and move other bodies) and continually become other than they are.

Analisar o processo de construção de corporalidades no interior de uma escola noturna que desenvolve um projeto direcionado a alunos jovens e adultos trabalhadores requer uma análise da historicidade do corpo nesta instituição, admitindo que, no mesmo momento em que a escola surgiu, não só começaram a construir os sentidos de espaço/tempo produtivo e não produtivo, que se mantém, em grande medida, até os dias atuais, como também surgiram processos normalizadores e disciplinadores do corpo. As bases que instituíram o sistema educacional relegaram o corpo a uma posição menor considerando-o apenas como hospedeiro/protetor da mente, que tudo conhece e tudo cria. Neste contexto, um sistema hierárquico se desenvolveu de modo a posicionar os diferentes sujeitos em lugares e comportamentos específicos de acordo com o saber-poder adquirido. Quando uma escola ousa experimentar uma prática diferente, que pretender rever este espaço e, principalmente, construir relações mais horizontais entre os diferentes sujeitos que a compõem, torna-se imprescindível analisar que outros sentidos estão sendo construídos para as relações saberpoder- corpo neste território, não para imputar um juízo de valor, mas para dar visibilidade a uma nova prática e possibilitar a percepção de novos caminhos. A educação de pessoas jovens e adultos é aqui apresentada no contexto de políticas públicas excludentes, úteis ao controle e a expansão de uma classe dominante, ao mesmo tempo em que também se apresenta como possibilidade de equalização das injustiças e promoção de qualidade de vida social. Por isso, esta tese relembra a constituição da cidade a partir da migração de sonhos, desejos e esperanças de tantos brasileiros por uma vida melhor, buscando nas proveniências e emergências da vida em Angra dos Reis o entendimento do processo educacional e, particularmente, do projeto de educação de jovens e adultos do regular noturno das escolas municipais. O roteiro desta viagem é composto por seis estações que correspondem a um primeiro entendimento da intenção da pesquisa e caminhos metodológicos priorizados; num segundo e terceiro momento, a um passeio histórico pelas práticas da cidade e, particularmente, da Secretaria Municipal de Educação durante três mandatos do Partido dos Trabalhadores; em seguida, busca-se o entendimento do lugar reservado/esperado do corpo do aluno jovem e adulto na sociedade/escola; para, então, conhecer o universo da pesquisa suas intervenções e implicações; e, finalmente, visualizar o ponto de chegada com as percepções do caminho percorrido e sua interferência no meu corpo-vivência. / To analyze the corporality construction process inside a night school which develops a project designed to adult students who work, requires a history analysis of the body in this Institution, admitting that, at the same time as the school came out, not only productive and unproductive time/space sense began to be built, which maintain itself up to now; but also ruling and disciplinarian body process came about. The bases which instituted the educational system relegated to the body a minor position considering it as a simple host and protector of the mind, which knows and creates everything. In this context, a hierarchical system developed in a way to set the different subjects in specific places and appropriate behavior according to their acquired knowledge power. When a school dares to experiment a different practice, that intends to review space, and mainly, to build more horizontal relationships among the different subjects that make it. Its indispensable to analyze what other senses have been built for the relationships knowledge-power-body in this territory, not to impute a value judgment, but to show a new practice and possibility to perception of new paths. The education of young people and adults is in the context presented as excluding public policies, useful for the control and expansion of a dominant class, and at the same time it is presented as a possibility of equalization of this form of injustice and also as a promoter of good life quality. For this reason, the theses presented resembles the constitution of a city under a dream-migration perspective, desired, and hoped for so many Brazilians who search in the Angra dos Reislifestyle provenience and emergencies in the educational process and understanding, mainly, the young people and adults educational project for regular municipal night schools. The itinerary for this journey is formed by five stations which correspond to a primary understanding of this research objective and the priorized methodological conceptions; secondly, an overview of the city educational practices and, particularly, that of the Municipal Education Secretary going back to the last three PT (Labor Party) municipal administrations, afterwards, the research tries to understand what is the reserved place for the young and adult students body within this school/society; for only then to get to know the more universal intentions and implications of the research, and finally visualize, the arriving point with its perceptions concerning area covered and its interferences in my body-experience.

Donna J. Haraway ist eine US-amerikanische Biologin, Wissenschaftsphilosophin und Literaturwissenschaftlerin, die an den Departments History of Consciousness und Feminist Studies der University of California lehrte. In dieser Position hatte sie die erste explizit der Feministischen Theorie gewidmete Professur in den USA inne. Haraways Arbeiten bewegen sich in einem thematischen Schnittfeld von feministischer Erkenntniskritik, Cultural Studies, politischer Theorie und Biowissenschaften.