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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luis Alberto Martinez Riascos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, 2017.

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This thesis deals with the subject of project management, primarily from the viewpoint of the development of a tool for project management support using the PRINCE2 methodology and the Unicorn Universe information system. The subject of the theoretical part is the definition of a project and project management and a description and a comparison of the most widely used project management standards, PRINCE2, PMI and IPMA. Subsequently, the emphasis is put on a detailed description of PRINCE2 with regard to its use in the next parts of the work. At the end of the theoretical part of the thesis the chapters are devoted to Unicorn Universe and to Unicorn Enterprise System Powered Company, which is a methodology used for company management. In the practical part, the author followed the recommended 4-phases process of the development of a new methodology set defined by the UESPC methodology; inception, elaboration, construction and transition. By means of the analysis in inception and elaboration stages and creation of A4 and High Level Concept documents, which describe specific ways how to implement various elements of PRINCE2into the Unicorn Universe, and the subsequent production of project management tool prototype, the author worked his way up to the construction stage, in which he designed and created definitions of meta artifacts and scripts for their later implementation in the final phase, called transition. In this phase metaartifacts were set up. They are templates for management and control artifacts and for other items necessary for the production of the methodological set, a final product of the thesis. At the end of thesis, the automation scripts, as proposed in the previous stage to verify the practical use of the thesis product, were assigned for implementation.

This diploma thesis is focused on design proposal of bicycle frame, which is powered by human force and then strength analysis of designed frame. Vehicle is designed to city and relates to physically handicapped persons and elderly people. This thesis content comparison of different types of bicycles.

La sécurité des deux-roues motorisés (2RM) constitue un enjeu essentiel pour les pouvoirs publics et les gestionnaires routiers. Si globalement, l’insécurité routière diminue sensiblement depuis 2002, la part relative des accidents impliquant les 2RM a tendance à augmenter. Ce constat est résumé par les chiffres suivants : les 2RM représentent environ 2 % du trafic et 30 % des tués sur les routes.On observe depuis plusieurs années une augmentation du parc des 2RM et pourtant il manque des données et des informations sur ce mode de transport, ainsi que sur les interactions des 2RM avec les autres usagers et l'infrastructure routière. Ce travail de recherche appliquée est réalisé dans le cadre du projet ANR METRAMOTO et peut être divisé en deux parties : la détection des2RM et la détection des objets routiers par scanner laser. Le trafic routier en général contient des véhicules de nature et comportement inconnus, par exemple leurs vitesses, leurs trajectoires et leurs interactions avec les autres usagers de la route. Malgré plusieurs technologies pour mesurer le trafic,par exemple les radars ou les boucles électromagnétiques, il est difficile de détecter les 2RM à cause de leurs petits gabarits leur permettant de circuler à vitesse élevée et ce même en interfile. La méthode développée est composée de plusieurs sous-parties: Choisir une configuration optimale du scanner laser afin de l’installer sur la route. Ensuite une méthode de mise en correspondance est proposée pour trouver la hauteur et les bords de la route. Le choix d’installation est validé par un simulateur. A ces données brutes, la méthode de prétraitement est implémentée et une transformation de ces données dans le domaine spatio-temporel est faite. Après cette étape de prétraitement, la méthode d’extraction nommée ‘Last Line Check (LLC)’ est appliquée. Une fois que le véhicule est extrait, il est classifié avec un SVM et un KNN. Ensuite un compteur est mis en œuvre pour compter les véhicules classifiés. A la fin, une comparaison de la performance de chacun de ces deux classifieurs est réalisée. La solution proposée est un prototype et peut être intégrée dans un système qui serait installé sur une route au trafic aléatoire (dense, fluide, bouchons) pour détecter, classifier et compter des 2RM en temps réel. / The safety of Powered Two Wheelers (PTWs) is important for public authorities and roadadministrators around the world. Recent official figures show that PTWs are estimated to represent only 2% of the total traffic but represent 30% of total deaths on French roads. However, as these estimated figures are obtained by simply counting the number plates registered, they do not give a true picture of the PTWs on the road at any given moment. This dissertation comes under the project METRAMOTO and is a technical applied research work and deals with two problems: detection of PTWsand the use of a laser scanner to count PTWs in the traffic. Traffic generally contains random vehicles of unknown nature and behaviour such as speed,vehicle interaction with other users on the road etc. Even though there are several technologies that can measure traffic, for example radars, cameras, magnetometers etc, as the PTWs are small-sized vehicles, they often move in between lanes and at quite a high speed compared to the vehicles moving in the adjacent lanes. This makes them difficult to detect. the proposed solution in this research work is composed of the following parts: a configuration to install the laser scanner on the road is chosen and a data coherence method is introduced so that the system is able to detect the road verges and its own height above the road surface. This is validated by simulator. Then the rawd ata obtained is pre-processed and is transform into the spatial temporal domain. Following this, an extraction algorithm called the Last Line Check (LLC) method is proposed. Once extracted, the objectis classified using one of the two classifiers either the Support Vector Machine (SVM) or the k-Nearest Neighbour (KNN). At the end, the results given by each of the two classifiers are compared and presented in this research work. The proposed solution in this research work is a propototype that is intended to be integrated in a real time system that can be installed on a highway to detect, extract, classify and counts PTWs in real time under all traffic conditions (traffic at normal speeds, dense traffic and even traffic jams).

In this paper, we present a new compact hydraulic linear actuator. The concept is developed to change the rolling piston diameter of an active air spring during usage. By doing so, the air spring can actively apply pressure and tension forces. The actuator is designed for small movements at high forces. It is insensitive to side forces, which are introduced by the bellows rolling on the rolling piston of the air spring. A diaphragm sealing is used to minimize friction. Hence a precise adjustment of small displacements at high dynamics is possible and the system is completely leakage-free. We describe the design and development of this actuator and show first measurement results from preliminary tests to show its functionality.

Carbon emissions are one of the primary drivers of climate change and the transport sector accounts for 24% of the global carbon emissions. A shift within the automobile industry towards more eco-friendly modes of transportation is hence needed. Vehicles powered by hydrogen are a carbon emissions-free mode of transportation and have been identified as a viable approach to de-carbonize the transport sector, yet, the number of hydrogen-powered vehicles on the roads in Sweden as of 2022 is relatively low compared to the rest of the world. The aim of this study was both to identify factors that are important for actors to invest in hydrogen technology within the transport sector, and to identify how the collaboration between different actors was formed during the adoption process. The study uses a multiple-case study research design where the five cases of Storuman, Mariestad, Sandviken, Trelleborg and Ljungby were selected. Data was collected through eleven semi-structured interviews over video calls. The study has examined the diffusion process of hydrogen technology within the transport sector of each case according to the diffusion of innovations theory. An analysis of the diffusion of hydrogen technology has not, to the best of my knowledge, been conducted in the examined cases. Gaining an understanding of these processes can provide guidance for other municipalities or actors who aims to reduce their emissions and can play an important role in achieving Sweden´s objective of becoming the world´s first fossil-free welfare nation. The findings of the study were that investments in hydrogen technology within the transport sector are currently not economically profitable. However, investments in the innovation were still motivated in terms of a relative environmental advantage, reception of financial funding, the will to take a leading role in the energy transition, geographical location, long-term economic benefits and indirect economic benefits which mainly include that the municipality can market themselves as green and progressive in order to attract competent workforce and business opportunities. The study also concluded that local political support is an important pre-condition for a successful adoption of the innovation.

L'Internet des objets (IoT) devrait interconnecter plus de 50 milliards d’objet d'ici à 2020. Avec l'IoT, une variété d’objets de différentes industries seront interconnectés à travers Internet. Avec un accent sur la gestion et le stockage des ressources énergétique et l'eau. L'IoT permet d’enrichir les services fournis par les distributeurs d’énergie à travers les smart-grid au-delà de la distribution, de l'automatisation et du contrôle. Les systèmes de gestion pour la domotique et les bâtiments intelligents aideront les consommateurs à surveiller et à ajuster leur consommation. Les compteurs intelligents fournissent ainsi un ensemble d’information permettant aux fournisseurs d’énergie de mettre en place des services plus intelligents pour l'ensemble de la chaîne de production d'énergie. L'objectif principal de ce projet de recherche doctorale est de développer des modules de communication très basse consommation. La consommation énergétique étant la plus grande contrainte pour les applications de compteurs intelligents. Les objets connectés alimentés par batterie tels que les capteurs et compteurs de gaz et d'eau sont concernés directement par la consommation en énergie de leur module de communication. Aujourd'hui, la plupart des solutions sans fil embarquées conçues pour capteurs alimentés ne sont pas compatible avec la pile protocolaire IPv6 afin d’économiser la consommation énergétique. Élaborer des technologies sans fil de l'IoT pour atteindre les objectifs de consommation d'énergie va démocratiser l’utilisation de ces technologies et aider les solutions de l’IoT à trouver leur place sur le marché. Ce doctorat débutera par: 1) Un état de l'art permettant d'examiner les solutions actuelles développées pour les réseaux de capteurs et des protocoles conçus pour les appareils alimentés par batterie. 2) Dans un deuxième temps en examinant les solutions Itron pour IPv6 réseau maillé. 3) La troisième phase sera la proposition et la conception d'une solution à faible consommation pour les modules sans fil et l'internet des objets. 4) Et enfin l’expérimentation et la validation des solutions proposées sur des plateformes d’expérimentations / The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to grow to 50 billion connected devices by 2020. Within the IoT, devices across a variety of industries will be interconnected through the Internet and peer-to-peer connections as well as closed networks like those used in the smart grid infrastructure. With the global focus on energy and water management and conservation, the IoT will extend the connected benefits of the smart grid beyond the distribution, automation and monitoring being done by utility providers. Management systems for in-home and in-building use will help consumers monitor their own usage and adjust behaviors. These systems will eventually regulate automatically by operating during off-peak energy hours and connect to sensors to monitor occupancy, lighting conditions, and more. But it all starts with a smarter and more connected grid. Smart metering provides a base around which utilities can build up smarter advanced services for the whole chain of energy generation, transmission and distribution. The main objective of this doctoral research project is to come up with the IoT communication modules with very low consumption characteristics. The energy consumption is the most challenging issue for smart home and smart metering applications. The battery powered devices such as sensors and gas and water meters are concerned directly with the consumption of their communication module. Today most of the embedded wireless solutions designed for sensors and battery powered devices do not embed IPv6 stack in the communication module to have a basic hardware with low consumption. Elaborating IoT wireless technologies to achieve the tough energy consumption objectives imposed to them will boost up the spread of these technologies and help IoT to find its place in the market fast. This PhD program will start with: First) a state of the art and reviewing the current solutions developed for sensor networks and protocols designed for battery powered devices. Second) it continues by reviewing Itron solutions for IPv6 meshed network. Third) Design of a low consumption solution for IoT wireless modules and) finally test and experimentation on platform

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