International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / This paper introduces a PPK intelligent demodulator used in the PCM--PPK (pulse position keying) telemetry system. It describes the basic requirement of the system for the PPK signal demodulator and analyses the insufficiancy of the full-hardware PPK demodulator. It also advances a PPK demodulating scheme based on the TMS32020 digital signal processor and a block diagram of the demodulator, states the method of detecting frame synchronization, analyses the precision of sync-building and gives the way of calculating the miss and error probability of frame sync. The result makes it clear that the demodulator based on TMS32020 has programmable feature for the bit rate and frame synchronization and realizes easily the system demand of the separate demodulating of output signals of the multi-channel receiver and then the synthesis processing of the realtime data.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / A new kind of telemetry ground data system--Multi-Pulse PPK (Pulse Position Keying) Telemetry System Based on PC(MPPK-PCTS) is presented in this paper. Being Aimed at the lower bit rate which is the essential shortcoming of Single-Pulse PPK(SPPK), Multi-Pulse PPK(MPPK) signal is introduced to this system. Its signal forms, bit rate, energy efficiency and error probability have been analysed in detail. The symmetric Bi-Pulse PPK(BPPK) signal with fixed reference pulse can be practised in engineering. In this system, front-ends are intelligent and modular, all modules are integrated in a personal computer chassis through EISA/PCI bus. The system operates under multi-media WINDOWS environment, with intelligent user interface. Faults can be detected and located automatically. With flexible performance, good expandibility and small size, the system can be used in reentry telemetry and many other fields where higher rate and lower power are both required.

The purpose of this study was to compare the positional accuracy in UAV measurements using three methods: RTK (Real-Time Kinematic), PPK (Post-Processed Kinematic) with base station data, and MakeItAccurate (MIA) with both web service and KlauPPK software. The measurements were conducted at Karlstad University and evaluated against HMK standard levels. The study investigated the positional accuracy in UAV measurements. Data were collected using RTK, PPK with base station data, and post-processing with base station data, MIA's web service, and the KlauPPK software. RTK and PPK with base station data achieved high positional accuracy in the horizontal plane, both meeting HMK standard level 3. RTK showed a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.026 meters horizontally and 0.15 meters vertically, while PPK with base station data showed an RMSE of 0.038 meters horizontally and 0.20 meters vertically. MIA's web service exhibited significant discrepancies in the horizontal plane (0.55 and 0.68 meters, respectively) and varying vertical results, indicating unreliability. MIA in KlauPPK demonstrated consistent but inadequate results in the horizontal plane with an RMSE of approximately 0.81 meters, but good vertical accuracy (0.0438-0.0506 meters), meeting HMK standard level 3. The results indicate that RTK and PPK with base station data performed best in horizontal accuracy but had poorer vertical accuracy. MIA's web service was the least reliable method, while MIA in KlauPPK showed better vertical accuracy but poorer horizontal accuracy. In conclusion, no methods alone meet HMK standard level 3 in horizontal and vertical planes without ground support. For further assurance, more measurements and calculations under varying conditions and expanded testing in different environments are recommended. / Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra lägesnoggrannheten vid UAV-mätningar med tre metoder: RTK (Real-Time Kinematic), PPK (Post-Processed Kinematic) med basstationsdata, och MakeItAccurate (MIA) med både webbtjänst och programvaran KlauPPK. Mätningarna utfördes vid Karlstads universitet och utvärderades mot HMK standardnivåer. Under arbetet undersöktes lägesnoggrannheten vid UAV-mätningar. Data samlades in med RTK, PPK med basstationsdata, och efterberäkning med skedde med basstationsdata, MIA:s webbtjänst och KlauPPK-programvaran. RTK och PPK med basstationsdata uppnådde hög lägesnoggrannhet i plan, där båda uppfyllde HMK standardnivå 3. RTK visade en RMS på 0,026 meter i plan och 0,15 meter i höjd, medan PPK med basstationsdata visade en RMS på 0,038 meter i plan och 0,20 meter i höjd. MIA:s webbtjänst visade stora avvikelser i plan (0,55 respektive 0,68 meter) och varierande höjdresultat, vilket indikerar opålitlighet. MIA i KlauPPK visade konsekventa men otillräckliga resultat i plan med en RMS på cirka 0,81 meter, men god höjdnoggrannhet (0,0438–0,0506 meter), som uppfyllde HMK standardnivå 3. Resultaten visar att RTK och PPK med basstationsdata presterade bäst i plan noggrannhet, men har sämre höjdnoggrannhet. MIA:s webbtjänst var den mest opålitliga metoden, medan MIA i KlauPPK visar bättre höjdnoggrannhet men sämre noggrannhet i plan. Slutsatsen är att ingen av metoderna ensam uppfyller HMK standardnivå 3 i både plan och höjd utan markstöd. För ytterligare säkerhet rekommenderas fler mätningar och beräkningar under varierande förhållanden, samt utökad testning i olika miljöer.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / On the disscussion of custom real-time counting-measuring method, this paper presents a new method suitable for the working condition of non-man duty, which possesses the feature of 100ns counting-measuring accuracy and high fidelity. In addition, the concept of “Signal-time/digit converter” is proposed for the first time and the principle and working procedure of this method are introduced in brief.

My thesis research comprises two projects looking into physiological functions of Drosophila ion channels: first, contribution of several T ransient R eceptor P otential (TRP) channels to gravity sensing; second, regulation of metabolic homeostasis by a D egenerin/ E pithelial Na + C hannel (DEG/ENaC). Many animal species sense gravity for spatial orientation. In humans recurrent vertigo and dizziness are often attributable to impairment of gravity sensing in the vestibular organs. However, the molecular bases for gravity sensing and its disruption in vestibular disease remain uncertain. Here I studied gravity sensing in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, with a combination of genetic, behavioral and electrophysiological methods. My results show that gravity sensing requires Johnston’s organ, a mechanosensory structure located in the antenna that also mediates hearing. Johnston’s organ neurons fire action potentials in a phasic manner in response to body rotations in the gravitational field. Furthermore, gravity sensing and hearing require different TRP channels with distinct anatomical localizations, implying separate neural mechanisms underlying gravity sensing and hearing. These findings set the stage for understanding how TRP channels contribute to the sensory transduction of gravity. Drosophila melanogaster has over 20 genes belonging to the DEG/ENaC family, which are collectively referred to as pickpockets (ppks) . Genetic analyses have implicated ppk genes in salt taste, tracheal liquid clearance, pheromone detection, and developmental timing. These results, together with the conserved presence of DEG/ENaC genes through evolution, suggest that further studies on fly ppk genes may help gain insights to a number of physiological processes. Here I report that the ppk11 gene regulates metabolic homeostasis. A ppk11 enhancer/promoter fragment labels the fat body, the lipid storage organ of Drosophila. ppk11 mutants are lean — they store less triacylglyceride (TAG), possess smaller lipid droplets and are sensitive to starvation compared to wild–type flies. ppk11 mutants also show signs of enhanced insulin sensitivity — they store more glycogen and maintain a lower level of circulating carbohydrate (trehalose). Moreover, the mutants have extended life span, suggesting ppk11–dependent activities of the fat body have systematic and long–term effects on the fly body. Understanding the cellular function of ppk11 may offer new insights into mechanisms that regulate metabolic homeostasis.

The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the specialization examinations. Each horse for hiporehabilitation purposes is specially selected and trained in a composed Specialized Exam. I'm watching the so-called a selection of effects that affects the results of horses included in the trials and their subsequent use in hiporehabilitation. A database of 195 horses of different breeds was compiled, where different parameters of their body were evaluated on the basis of a linear description, and therefore specialized examinations for horses included in hiporehabilitation were performed. Based on the results of the specialization tests, the collected data were followed by statistical processing and evaluation of the effects of specialization tests for horses in hiporehabilitation. I divided the horses into 6 groups by type to better compare the necessary effects. Then, in the Gretl statistical program, I evaluated the individual parameters of horses that correlate together. I have given both positive and negative values, from which I conclude that one variable is smaller, the other is bigger. Various groups correlate different parameters, depending on the type of the horse. Then, I evaluated the step and trot in the individual groups. In the statistical program I created a so-called thermal maps, where the color correlated degrees of color were, the more red the color, the more the parameters correlate together. Only mares and geldings participate in the specialization tests. The most suitable age for inclusion is 5 years.

Projectile points/ knives (PPKs) are categorized by morphology, also called typology, and associated with cultural periods. A total of 64 PPKs in collections in the Archaeology Lab at East Tennessee State University were curated as untyped and without provenience. They were allegedly collected from ground surveys in Upper East Tennessee, but without archaeological context research had not been prioritized. The importance of such research lies in the fact that few publications exist on the region of Upper East Tennessee and many reference books on lithic typology portray PPKs through illustrations of the ideal morphology of each type. The challenge herein is that the lithic technologies excavated by archaeologists are typically used, worn, broken, or abandoned. A comparative collection of projectile points found in the field from the region of Upper East Tennessee is a valuable research resource. The 64 PPKs yielded 25 typologies that are, indeed, published from Upper East Tennessee and show variability from resharpening, wear, and other means. The comparative collection is curated at the East Tennessee State University Archaeology Lab at Valley Brook.

The Wnt signalling pathway is highly conserved signalling among Eukaryotes that regulates many cellular processes. In particular, it plays a role during invidual's development, but it is also important at later stage of life, when it is involved in maintaining homeostasis in the body. Recent studies have shown that phosphatidylinositol-4-phospahte 5-kinase (PIP5K), which is key to the production of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate in the cell, is also involved in regulation of the canonical Wnt signalling cascade. In mammalian cells, a model has been described in which PIP5K is involved in signal transduction in a Wnt receiving cell. We decided to verify the involvement of PIP5K in the regulation of Wnt signalling also in Caenorhabditis elegans, an excellent model organism for study of signalling pathways, and thus contribute to a better understanding of this evolutionarily conserved pathway. In this work, we found that decreased expression of PPK-1/PIP5K in wild type animals does not result in Wnt signalling disruption. Nevertheless, in conditions, where the activity of Wnt signalling is already reduced, decrease in PPK-1 levels leads to defective migration of the QL neuroblast daughter cell. By analyzing the migration of QL progeny, which is controlled by EGL-20/Wnt dependent Wnt...

O operon pst de P. aeruginosa codifica um transportador de fosfato de alta afinida-de e também a proteína PhoU que, em conjunto, atuam como repressores da ex-pressão do regulon Pho dessa espécie. A atividade de PhoU está também associada ao metabolismo de polifosfato (poliP), dado que mutantes phoU nulos apresentam um vasto acúmulo do biopolímero. Ensaios de β-galactosidase mostraram uma alteração na expressão dos genes ppk e ppx, envolvidos no metabolismo de poliP, no mutante phoU. Observou-se que na cepa selvagem, a transcrição de ppk e de ppx não responde às limitações de Pi ou de nitrogênio, sendo esses genes altamente expressos em condições normais de crescimento. Além disso, determinou-se que ppk é co-transcrito com o gene hemB, os quais formam, portanto, um operon. O operon pst também foi analisado. Foi identificado por ensaios de northern blot o transcrito do primeiro gene do operon, pstS, que codifica uma proteína periplasmática. Também, foi identificado um promotor imediatamente a montante de phoU, o gene mais distal do operon, que permitiria sua expressão em condições normais do crescimento bacteriano. Por fim, determinou-se por ensaios de EMSA que as duas sequências consenso Pho box presentes no operon pst são completamente funcionais. / The pst operon in P. aeruginosa encodes a high-affinity phosphate transporter and the PhoU protein, which together act as repressors of Pho regulon of this species. The PhoU activity is also related with polyphosphate (polyP) metabolism, since phoU null mutants have a large accumulation of the biopolymer. β-galactosidase assays allowed to confirm a change in the expression of ppk and ppx genes, in-volved in PolyP metabolism, in the phoU mutant. It was also evidenced that in the wild type strain, the ppk and ppx transcription does not respond to Pi or nitrogen starvation, and that these genes are highly expressed under conditions of normal growth. In addition, it was determined that ppk is co-transcribed with hemB, a gene involved in the synthesis of porphyrins, and they constitute therefore an operon. The pst operon was also examined. Was identified by northern blot the transcript of the first gene in the operon, pstS, which encodes a periplasmic protein. Also, a promoter was identified immediately upstream of phoU, the most distal gene in the operon, allowing its expression in normal conditions of bacterial growth. Finally, it was determined by EMSA that the two consensus sequences Pho box present in the pst operon are fully functional.

O operon pst de P. aeruginosa codifica um transportador de fosfato de alta afinida-de e também a proteína PhoU que, em conjunto, atuam como repressores da ex-pressão do regulon Pho dessa espécie. A atividade de PhoU está também associada ao metabolismo de polifosfato (poliP), dado que mutantes phoU nulos apresentam um vasto acúmulo do biopolímero. Ensaios de β-galactosidase mostraram uma alteração na expressão dos genes ppk e ppx, envolvidos no metabolismo de poliP, no mutante phoU. Observou-se que na cepa selvagem, a transcrição de ppk e de ppx não responde às limitações de Pi ou de nitrogênio, sendo esses genes altamente expressos em condições normais de crescimento. Além disso, determinou-se que ppk é co-transcrito com o gene hemB, os quais formam, portanto, um operon. O operon pst também foi analisado. Foi identificado por ensaios de northern blot o transcrito do primeiro gene do operon, pstS, que codifica uma proteína periplasmática. Também, foi identificado um promotor imediatamente a montante de phoU, o gene mais distal do operon, que permitiria sua expressão em condições normais do crescimento bacteriano. Por fim, determinou-se por ensaios de EMSA que as duas sequências consenso Pho box presentes no operon pst são completamente funcionais. / The pst operon in P. aeruginosa encodes a high-affinity phosphate transporter and the PhoU protein, which together act as repressors of Pho regulon of this species. The PhoU activity is also related with polyphosphate (polyP) metabolism, since phoU null mutants have a large accumulation of the biopolymer. β-galactosidase assays allowed to confirm a change in the expression of ppk and ppx genes, in-volved in PolyP metabolism, in the phoU mutant. It was also evidenced that in the wild type strain, the ppk and ppx transcription does not respond to Pi or nitrogen starvation, and that these genes are highly expressed under conditions of normal growth. In addition, it was determined that ppk is co-transcribed with hemB, a gene involved in the synthesis of porphyrins, and they constitute therefore an operon. The pst operon was also examined. Was identified by northern blot the transcript of the first gene in the operon, pstS, which encodes a periplasmic protein. Also, a promoter was identified immediately upstream of phoU, the most distal gene in the operon, allowing its expression in normal conditions of bacterial growth. Finally, it was determined by EMSA that the two consensus sequences Pho box present in the pst operon are fully functional.