Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The water, substance essential to life, stands out as a theme present in many moments of elementary school. The National Curriculum suggested at various times that water theme be addressed. Since content that address subjects about biodiversity of the planet to matters related specifically to the human health and wellness, the list of issues related to water is large and diverse, allowing teachers to select the information according to needs and interests of their school community. The objective of this study was to investigate students perceptions in the municipal, state and private elementary school in Santa Maria about relationships water-health-environment to subsidize the development of proposed activities involving the theme of water. Initially, we made a search on the Teacher Portal, where we found few suggestions of practical activities involving the theme. We set out for the investigation of students perceptions where we found gaps in teaching of a water-environment, water was seen as a local problem only associated with the household. Students also do not understand what is fate of a water after use. From these questions we develop methodologies in which the student participated actively as one investigator, reconstructing their knowledge. We verified that the activities of observation, description, visualization the microscope, drawing of the blades mounting by the students were stirred up strategies that the student's interest, encouraging them to participate in activities, and feeling included in the experimentation process. In the last part of this work we present an educational game, developed from the questions found in the achievement of students during practical activities. In the evaluation game process we find that the issues worked on previous activities were those in which students had a higher number of correct answers. Our results showed that the practical activities and the game involved students and have submitted significant results in their learning. Finally, we intend to make available our ideas to all science teachers in the country through their insertions in the Teacher Portal. / A água, substância essencial à vida, destaca-se como tema presente em muitos momentos do ensino fundamental. Os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais sugerem em vários momentos que o tema água seja abordado. Desde conteúdos que abordam temas sobre a biodiversidade do planeta até assuntos relacionados especificamente com a saúde e bem estar humanos, a lista de assuntos relacionados com a água é grande e diversificada, permitindo que os professores selecionem as informações de acordo com as necessidades e interesses da sua comunidade escolar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as percepções de alunos da rede municipal, estadual e particular de ensino fundamental de Santa Maria acerca das relações água-saúde-meio ambiente para subsidiar o desenvolvimento de propostas de atividades que envolvessem o tema água. Inicialmente foi feita uma pesquisa no Portal do Professor, onde encontramos poucas sugestões de atividades práticas envolvendo o tema. Partimos para a investigação das percepções dos estudantes onde encontramos lacunas no ensino das relações água-ambiente, sendo a água vista como um problema local, somente associada ao uso doméstico. Os alunos também não compreendiam o destino da água após o uso. A partir dessas dúvidas desenvolvemos metodologias nas quais o aluno participasse ativamente como um investigador, reconstruindo seu conhecimento. Verificamos que as atividades de observação, descrição, visualização no microscópio, desenho, montagem das lâminas pelos próprios alunos foram estratégias que instigaram o interesse do aluno, estimulando-os a participarem das atividades, e sentindo-se incluídos no processo da experimentação. Na última parte deste trabalho apresentamos um jogo didático, desenvolvido a partir das dúvidas encontradas nos alunos durante a realização das atividades práticas. No processo avaliativo do jogo constatamos que as questões trabalhadas nas atividades anteriores foram aquelas em que os alunos tiveram maior número de acertos. Nossos resultados mostraram que as atividades práticas e o jogo envolveram os alunos e apresentaram resultados significativos na sua aprendizagem. Por fim, pretendemos disponibilizar nossas ideias a todos os professores de ciências do país através da inserção dessas atividades no Portal do Professor.

Healing plants from labiate family (Lamiaceae) and their usage in cross subjects relationship between biology and chemistry. The presented diploma work deals with healing plants. It is mainly focused on cross subjects of chemistry and the usage of theory in practical life. Theoretical part of this work consists of an overview of selected races. It's aim is mainly to present substance content of these plants, specific effects and wide usage. The usage of important characteristic features of this family in teaching and proposals how to classify this topic as a learning subject at primary schools and grammar schools is the further content of this work. Practical part is a result of questionnaire research, which should give us some information about how teachers at secondary schools work with this topic in practical lessons. The final outcome of practical part are six practical activities that teachers can use while teaching, mainly at high schools. Further learning material contains four presentations in PowerPoint and six worksheets which relate to laboratory and practical exercises. Final outcome of the work is information about this family set to a compact text and further visions for didactic use in teaching.

The main aim of this study is to determine what factors limit Natural Science, Grade 7 teachers from engaging learners in practical work or performing experiments. This study is conducted in the Ogongo circuit of the Omusati Region. A qualitative case study approach was adopted for the study. The sample includes two (2) Grade 7 Natural Science teachers and six (6) Grade 7 Natural Science learners. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used to collect data. Data from interviews and observations were analyzed using thematic analysis. All interview and observation transcriptions were categorized into codes, categories, and themes. Themes and subthemes were grouped into tables and linked to literature to strengthen the findings of this study. The main themes were lack of pedagogical know-how, time, laboratory materials, and training to update and practice appropriate teaching strategies/approaches. The results of the study recommend training to prepare teachers on the use of appropriate teaching to improve the teaching and learning of Natural Science. The study recommends that Natural Science teachers should share knowledge and facts concerning Natural Science to understand teaching and learning concepts better. The learners are afforded enough opportunities to judge, analyze, and draw conclusions from the supplied content based on their level of understanding of tasks. The study exposed factors limiting teachers practice and informs stakeholders on ways to improve Grade 7 science teaching and learning to overcome the challenges of the field. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)

This thesis focuses on excursions in the subject for Practical Activities in Primary School and presents a number of possible destinations. The theoretical part focuses on the developement of independant thinking in pupils, theory of teaching with a focus on constructivism and the explanation of key terms: technical thinking, technical skills, creativity in general, and technical creativity. Further, the current modus operandi of subjects focussed on technical developement in the Framework Educational Programme for Elementary Education, using excursions as a form of teaching and including activating methods aplicable in excursions, is described. The pracital part presents fifteen possible excursions with follow-up lessons. The efficacy and functionality of these was tested using questionaires filled out by practitioning teachers in elementary education. Additionally, two of the presented excursions were realized in third grade classes.

The aim of this work is to enable a person to perceive and understand the specific features of behaviour of girls having Rett syndrome and to offer effective options for activities and effort in the process of education. The substance of the collection of suggestions and proposals for actions and activities as well as tools and equipment sorted according to equipment and objects used at a special needs education primary school. Practical advice, recommendations and suggestions are based on theoretical grounds and basis, particular examples or photo documentation. The work is founded on study cases of two girls with Rett syndrome where there are not only the girls' results and evaluations in the educational process described but also the personal stories of their families and different way of dealing with the tough life situations. The work results enable to discover a suitable attitude not only towards the girls but as well to their parents, siblings or classmates. KEYWORDS rare disease, Rett syndrome, mental disorder, communication, upbringing, education, general regularities, practical activities and actions, case study

In this thesis I focused on the evaluation of the historical development of electronic kits in the Czech school system, and the survey of the current state of use of electronic kits in the subject Praktické činnosti (Practical Activities) on the second level of primary schools. The thesis also presents a comparison of different types of electronic kits using complex eva-luation criteria. Another part deals with design and implementation of a custom electronic kit intended for teaching the subject Praktické činnosti (Practical Activities), including the implementation of appropriate didactic instruction.

This diploma work raises the issues and subsequently the diagnostics of preconcepts for didactic concepts of students of teaching and primary school teachers. The aim of this work was to find out to what extent the perception of some chosen didactic concepts are related comparing students of pedagogical faculty and primary school teachers. The theoretical part aims to the technical definition of the semantic differential research method and definition of the concepts involved in the research. In the practical part the data relating to chosen didactic concepts were found and processed by method of semantic differential.

My dissertation deals with the contribution of practical activities as scope for the factors developing creativity of primary school pupils. Firstly, the definitions of the terms creativity, technical education and project teaching, based on specialised literature, are introduced. These three theoretical spheres focus in detail on the creative process and product, creative factors, convergent and divergent thinking skills, the creative person and the methods that help develop his or her creativity. I try to clarify the technique as a means of development of practical activities. After that I deal with the educational area "Man and the World of Work" and present possible topics for the development of creativity in working education. My thesis demonstrates a project together with its types and focuses on the implementation and benefits of project-based learning. The practical part is focused on the development of individual projects. Fifteen individual projects, helping to develop creativity of pupils at primary schools, were offered to twenty-one teachers. These teachers participated in a questionnaire survey and they were given an opportunity to provide feedback on the above mentioned individual projects. The results of the survey are described in the sixth chapter of this thesis.