Os pregoeiros são os servidores responsáveis pela condução dos processos licitatórios de aquisições e contratações dos órgãos públicos no Brasil. A função de pregoeiro, apesar de sua complexidade e importância à eficiente utilização dos recursos públicos, vem sendo negligenciada pelo Estado. Até o momento não há uma carreira específica ou remuneração condizente ao risco dessa atividade. Os métodos e análises realizadas por este estudo, à luz dos Estudos Baseados em Prática (EBP) e do knowing-in-practice, permitiram melhor visibilidade aos elementos tácitos que compõem os saberes os pregoeiros desenvolvidos no seu cotidiano de trabalho. Partindo da identificação e descrição de suas práticas de trabalho, a função pregoeiro caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo e sobreposição de atividades, dificultando assim desenho de um perfil para a mesma. Outra característica inerente a função é a presença de uma forte estrutura normativa a qual norteia e permeia esse trabalho. A partir dos discursos dos entrevistados, constatou-se que o Curso de Formação de Pregoeiros demonstrou-se insuficiente para desenvolver as habilidades de negociação e conversação e os aspectos atitudinais da atenção, equilíbrio e retidão necessários à sua prática. Assim, a aprendizagem no cotidiano de trabalho dos pregoeiros ocorreu de forma situada através dos conhecimentos informais e tácitos, compartilhados por meio das interações sociais entre os servidores, facilitada pela estrutura em rede dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) (instituições pesquisadas), fóruns e comunidades de praticantes, confirmando assim a perspectiva do knowing-in-practice. Afirma-se então que o desenvolvimento dos saberes do pregoeiro não está descolado de suas práticas de trabalho. A partir dos elementos identificados neste estudo, sugerem-se ações para melhoria das condições de trabalho, desenvolvimento e reconhecimento profissional do pregoeiro. Um olhar mais sensível da sociedade e dos representantes políticos é necessária, dada a importância estratégica do papel do pregoeiro na garantia da qualidade do gasto público. / Public Procurement Officers are the public servers responsible for conducting bidding processes of acquisition and hiring for public organs in Brazil. The main duty of the Public Procurement Officer, despite its complexity and importance to the efficient use of public resources, has been neglected by the state. Still, there is no specific career or equitable salary which represents the risks of this activity. The methods and analysis made by this study, considering Practice-Based Studies (PBS) and of knowing-into-practice, allowed a better visibility in the tacit elements that build the knowledge Public Procurement Officers have developed in their daily work. Starting with the identification and description of their practices at work, the Public Procurement Officer function is characterized by the accumulation and overlapping of activities, making it difficult to draw a proper profile to the function. Another intrinsic characteristic of the Public Procurement Officers' function, which directs and permeates this paper, is the presence of a normative structure. Through the speech of the interviewees it was possible to state that the Basic Training Course Public Procurement Officers take is not sufficient to develop the negotiation and reasoning skills and the attitude of attention, balance and rectitude needed to the practice of this function. Therefore, the Public Procurement Officers’ learning process happens throughout informal and tacit knowledge, shared through servers’ social interaction – facilitated by the structure in network from Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (FIs) (institutions where the research took place), online forums and communities, corroborating the knowing-in-practice perspective. It can be stated that the knowledge development of Public Procurement Officers is not disconnected to their practice. Based on the elements identified in this study, some actions are suggested to improve the working conditions, development and recognition of the Public Procurement Officers. A more sensitive consideration from society and from political representatives is necessary, given the strategic importance of Public Procurement Officers’ role in assuring the public money is being well spent.

Este trabalho buscou compreender como se configuram os saberes acerca da sustentabilidade de alunos de Graduação em Administração da UFRGS. As relações sociais, contextuais e materiais foram exploradas durante as atividades da disciplina de Gestão Socioambiental nas Empresas, a partir da perspectiva da aprendizagem baseada em práticas, do conceito de knowing-practice e de uma descrição detalhada das cenas de ação. O conceito de knowing-practice transmite a ideia de construção social do conhecimento e estabelece uma relação de equivalência entre saber e praticar. Para analisar os processos de ensino-aprendizagem e a constituição dos saberes acerca da sustentabilidade foi conduzido um estudo etnográfico onde foram identificadas e descritas as práticas de duas turmas de Graduação em Administração da UFRGS, durante os meses de março e dezembro de 2017. As descrições revelam que a aprendizagem e o saber são construídos e reconstruídos constantemente pelas práticas do coletivo. Os processos de aprender e organizar estão interconectados e são mediados pelas práticas. O saber é processual, relacional e emerge das ações situadas. Os achados em campo revelaram um entrelaçamento dinâmico e heterogêneo dos elementos (pessoas, tecnologia, ideias, discurso e ações) presentes no contexto das ações situadas na sala de aula O saber e o fazer enactados foram percebidos no discurso quando os estudantes relataram a substituição de práticas insustentáveis por outras sustentáveis a partir das experiências vivenciadas na disciplina de Gestão Socioambiental nas Empresas. A Educação Sustentável precisa recuperar o saber sensível para a construção do conhecimento. A prioridade dada ao saber técnico e normativo desumaniza e deixa de lado o saber pré-verbal, emocional e afetivo. O constante artesanar das experiências precisa envolver os estudantes e engajá-los em projetos e ações situadas que façam sentido. A construção coletiva da realidade a partir de processos reflexivos, colaborativos e com resultado tangível, seria uma possibilidade de aprendizagem e construção de saberes acerca da sustentabilidade. Um caminho para a compreensão da aprendizagem social acerca da sustentabilidade é a reflexividade. Novas posições discursivas e político-pedagógicas, menos normativas, especializadas e individuais poderiam colaborar com a construção de conhecimento no campo da educação e da sustentabilidade. / This scientific research intended to comprehend what constitutes the knowledge about sustainability from undergraduate students taking the Business Administration course at UFRGS. The social, contextual, and material relations were explored throughout the activities from the Socio-environmental Business Management subject, based on the practice-based perspective, the knowing-practice concept, and the detailed description of the action taken. The concept of knowing-practice brings the idea of the social construction of knowledge, establishing that the practice and the theoretical knowledge have equal relevance. In order to analyse the teaching-learning processes and the development of knowledge in the area of sustainability, an ethnographic study was conducted in wich the practices from two of UFRGS's Business Administration classes were identified and described, from March to December of 2017. The descriptions which this research yielded reveal that knowledge and learning are built and rebuilt continuously by collective practices. The learning and organizational processes are interconnected and mediated by the practice. Knowledge is processual, intertwined, and emerges from situational actions. The findings in the field revealed a dynamic and heterogeneous interweaving of the elements (people, technology, ideas, discourse and actions) present in the context of the actions located in the classroom Knowing-in-practice were perceived in the discourse, when the students reported the substitution of unsustainable practices for other sustainable ones starting from the experiences lived in the Socio-environmental Business Management subject. Sustainable Education needs to recover sensitive to the construction of knowledge. The priority given to technical and normative knowledge dehumanizes and leaves aside the pre-verbal, emotional and affective knowledge. The constant craftsmanship of experiences needs to involve students and engage them in projects and actions that make sense. The collective construction of reality from reflective and collaborative processes with tangible results, would be a possibility to learn and build knowledge about sustainability. One way to understand social learning about sustainability is reflexivity. New discursive and political-pedagogical positions, less normative, specialized and individuals could collaborate with the construction of knowledge in the field of education and sustainability.

Purpose: Practice-based research networks (PBRN) seek to shorten the gap between research and application in primary patient care settings. Inclusion of community pharmacies in primary care PBRNs is relatively unexplored. Such a PBRN model could improve care coordination and community-based research, especially in rural and underserved areas. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate rural Appalachian community pharmacy key informants’ perceptions of PBRNs and practice-based research; 2) explore key informants’ perceptions of perceived applicability of practice-based research domains; and 3) explore pharmacy key informant interest in PBRN participation. Methods: The sample consisted of community pharmacies within city limits of all Appalachian Research Network (AppNET) PBRN communities in South Central Appalachia. A descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted from November 2013 to February 2014. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine associations between key informant and practice characteristics, and PBRN interest and perceptions. Findings: A 47.8% response rate was obtained. Most key informants (88%) were very or somewhat interested in participating in AppNET. Enrichment of patient care (82.8%), improved relationships with providers in the community (75.9%), and professional development opportunities (69.0%) were perceived by more than two-thirds of respondents to be very beneficial outcomes of PBRN participation. Respondents ranked time constraints (63%) and workflow disruptions (20%) as the biggest barriers to PBRN participation. Conclusion: Key informants in rural Appalachian community pharmacies indicated interest in PBRN participation. Integration of community pharmacies into existing rural PBRNs could advance community level care coordination and promote improved health outcomes in rural and underserved areas. Type: Original Research

Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) are groups of health care practitioners who engage in translational research and quality improvement activities, with the overarching goal of improving patient care in primary care settings. The Appalachian Research Network (AppNET), a rural primary care PBRN, was created in 2009 and comprises 17 clinics in 16 rural communities in South Central Appalachia. Nationally, only 4 of 152 PBRNs registered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) place particular emphasis on community pharmacies and pharmacists in research efforts. Researchers at ETSU seek to integrate community pharmacies into AppNET, thereby establishing a novel interprofessional rural PBRN. The objective of this study was to assess pharmacist perceptions regarding practice-based research and interest in participating in AppNET. Barriers to participation in a PBRN, perceived benefits of participation, and practice-specific characteristics were also assessed. Contact information was obtained via telephone calls made to individual pharmacies in AppNET communities. Thereafter, paper-based surveys were mailed to 69 pharmacist contacts, along with a personalized cover letter and a stamped return envelope. A total of two mailings were used to recruit pharmacists to participate in the study. A response rate of 42% was obtained. Respondents were on average 44 years of age and had been licensed as a pharmacist for an average of 19 years. A large majority of respondents (86%) were very or somewhat interested in participating in AppNET. The majority of respondents felt that time constraints and workflow interruptions were the greatest barriers to participation. One hundred percent of respondents indicated that research on prescription drug abuse, medication adherence, and medication safety are very or somewhat applicable to their practice settings. Ninety-two percent felt that research on value-added services (e.g., immunizations, diabetes education) and medication therapy management was somewhat or very applicable to their practice. Overall, pharmacist respondents in AppNET communities indicated interest in research that benefits the care of their patients and interest in AppNET. Researchers are presently conducting a third recruitment attempt and will thereafter develop AppNET enrollment mechanisms that minimize barriers to participation of community pharmacies in practice-based research.

In the modern society, chronic diseases have become the leading causes of death. With early recognition and proper management, however, many of the complications from chronic diseases could be prevented or delayed. Taking such a proactive approach in managing a population often requires the use of team-based approaches and delegation of certain clinical and nonclinical tasks to nonphysician team members. This three-study dissertation used a combination of methods to explore contextual factors that influence primary care teamwork and physician-pharmacist collaboration. The first study quantitatively examined baseline barriers and facilitators of physician-pharmacist collaboration in clinics participating in the Collaboration Among Pharmacists and Physicians To Improve Outcomes Now (CAPTION) Trial. Pharmacist expertise and clinic staff support were found to be the most important facilitators for physicians, while insurance reimbursement and task design factors were important for pharmacists. The second study characterized clinic personnel experience participating in the CAPTION trial and explored determinants of disease state control. Higher proportions of indigent and minority populations and higher baseline pharmacy structure scores were found to be associated with lower blood pressure control. The third study qualitatively examined organizational influences on primary care team effectiveness and the roles of pharmacists in a separate sample of primary care clinics. A lack of organizational rewards for teamwork in primary care was identified and pharmacists were integrated into clinic workflow in various degrees. These findings will be informative for practice managers and health care professionals seeking to redesign their practice to meet increasing needs of patients with chronic diseases.

The objectives of this study were to: 1) create a measure of PBRN clinician member individual performance; 2) produce a rich description of PBRN directors' leadership behaviors and styles; and, 3) identify significant relationships between PBRN director leadership-PBRN clinician member performance. A sequential, exploratory mixed methods design was used to interview and survey PBRN directors and non-director participants. In Phase I, a semi-structured interview guide was used to identify PBRN director leadership behaviors, PBRN non-director performance behaviors and expectations, and decision making activities. A clinician member performance measure was created using a validated behavioral item extraction method. A thematic analysis was conducted on all other data. In Phase II, two quantitative surveys were administered to PBRN directors assessing demographics, membership activity, PBRN productivity, and clinician member performance. One survey was administered to PBRN clinician members assessing their demographics, activity level, and their perceptions of PBRN leadership behaviors. Clinician member performance within PBRNs is a multidimensional construct distinct from participation that is comprised of ownership and engagement aspects, although there is some evidence of a further division into leadership, awareness, follow-through, and communication factors. Collaborative leadership was reported as being distributed to all roles in the PBRN, but is primarily inculcated by a collaborative PBRN director. Time and funding were reported as important resources necessary for the completion of PBRN activities, and are increasingly becoming more limited in their availability. PBRNs engage in a variety of projects and other activities carried out and monitored through ongoing collaborative communication and consensus-based decision making efforts. Top-down decision making patterns by PBRNs have negative relationships with measures of productivity. Directive and participative leadership behaviors do not appear to have direct relationship with clinician member performance, but years of involvement in current PBRN does have a positive association. However, further investigation is necessary to replicate these findings in larger samples. Aiding busy clinicians with engagement through use of central staff may be beneficial. PBRN directors should focus on strengthening collaborative culture of their PBRN and minimizing barriers to effective communication and decision making.

The deleterious manifold of juvenile delinquency for victims, offenders, and the general public necessitate effective prevention strategies. Researchers have asserted that one of the most effective ways in which delinquency is prevented is through school-based intervention. Specifically, much attention has been given to identifying the most efficacious evidence-based treatments (EBTs) through an evidence-based practice (EBP) approach. Critics, however, argue that several limitations exist in the EBP process and suggest that a practice-based evidence (PBE) approach may be more sufficient to meet the needs of youth who are at-risk of delinquency. Guided by the Social Development Model, it is broadly the aim of this three-article dissertation to explore the most effective school-based delinquency prevention approaches. Drawing from the EBP approach, the first article mimics a process that practitioners are encouraged to employ. Multiple EBT websites were systematically searched for the most efficacious school-based delinquency prevention interventions. Four interventions met inclusion criteria. These interventions highlighted both strengths and limitations. Out of the limitations from the first article, the second article investigated the extent to which a PBE approach may be an alternative option for youth most at-risk of a delinquent trajectory: being male, from a lower socioeconomic urban community, and primarily minority youth. The article offers the results of a pretest/posttest design with a sustaining school-based intervention that was developed by social workers. The final article reports on the results of a randomized controlled trial that investigated the effectiveness of the first year of the XY-Zone on protective factors among youth at-risk for delinquency. The second and third article revealed promising results and provide preliminary evidence for important next steps. Additional research, with a longitudinal design and larger sample size, is needed. This dissertation suggests that both approaches can inform the other. As globalization and advanced resources continue to springboard awareness of both the problems and solutions to delinquency prevention in schools, it is likely that advancements in the EBP and PBE approaches will give way to the ever-debated research and practice gap growing much nearer than ever before. / text

This thesis examines the extent to which the 1960s process art strand of post-Minimalism can provide an analytical template for critical writing around contemporary ceramic art. A dearth of critical writing is an acknowledged problem in all types of ceramics practice and some of the reasons for this situation will be explored. In the past decade frequent calls have been made by artists, critics, academics, and curators for a body of critical writing to underpin contemporary work and connect with wider cultural debates. During this period, artists have begun to use the process of making the work to form part of the content. Such work has no relationship to traditional studio pottery, and critics have described it as difficult to write about and classify in normative ceramic terms. However, this area of ceramic practice shares characteristics with post-Minimalism, a movement of the 1960s that emphasised the behaviour of materials and the act of making. In The Archaeology of Knowledge the French philosopher Michel Foucault suggests that a new critical language may emerge from the appropriation of other discourses, providing new interpretations for subject areas not yet theoretically mapped out. Foucault’s notions on the formation of discourse are used as a methodological approach to investigate how process-led sculptural ceramics may be articulated by an understanding of post-Minimalist critical writings. A substantial body of critical writing developed around post-Minimalist process art, providing a context for radical new approaches which broke with modernist traditions and which expanded and changed traditional definitions of sculpture. Key post-Minimalist texts are investigated as an analytical template for a new critical discourse for process-led ceramic art. A study of the sculptural ceramics of Richard Deacon and Kosho is undertaken as a means of identifying process-led tendencies and the possibility of a re-conceptualisation from a post-minimalist perspective. An analysis of the role of process within my own practice is used to provide visual evidence of contemporary ceramic work that can be re-conceptualised from a post-Minimalist perspective. After twenty years of stagnant debate in the ceramics field, this research might provide a new critical context for process-led ceramic art. The project shows a way that artists may be empowered to develop a critical literacy in a field that has traditionally lacked a research based approach. It is hoped that it may well encourage other ceramics practitioners to explore new ways of presenting an academic critique of their own area of practice. The contribution to knowledge identifies a new critical context and approach to writing for the process-led area of ceramics practice that is currently described as being difficult to write about, as having no appropriate critical language of its own, and of being difficult to categorise in standard ceramic terms.

In today's ever-changing, competitive business environment, cross-functional teams are an increasingly popular mechanism to implement major business transformations within multinationals. Yet empirical data (Kotter, 1995; Beer, Eisenstat and Spector, 1990; Beer, 2000; Stvetena and Damian, 2006) support for the prevailing view that such teams, unless they are well managed, lead to failure. By drawing on an in depth comparative study of one Pilot Team and four teams dedicated to marketing, sales and distribution transformation in two pharmaceutical companies, we examine under which internal conditions cross-functional teams dedicated to organizational change enable or hinder organizational change within multinational corporations. The findings suggest that they succeed best through high level coupling activities with the remainder of the organization during the early and the later phases of a project, when practicing shared leadership and when organized as a semi-structure. This study contributes to the literature on organizational change in transcending the paradoxical relationships between stability and change, to the literature on the practice-based approach in making more explicit the relationships between practices and organizations and provides implications for managers involved in major business transformations in multinational corporations.

The design project presented here explores the relation between body and a garment. It is concerned simultaneously with the fundamental notion of a garment and the act of dressing. The project can be contextualized as a constructive design research since the aim does not involve analysis of the material world nor rational problem solving. Rather, the aim is to create new imaginary realities, and visualize them. As a startup method to construct a theory, workshops were set up using life size vertical action collages, in order to integrate the act of dressing with the aim to develop a new construction method. Two actors, one of them myself, were used to provide a greater diversity of perspectives and interpretations. A method of dressing which involved interlocking the body - limbs and waist - with vertically hanging textiles, was developed through the search for the holes, that constitute the infrastructure of a garment. The results are both artefacts, that visualize the new garment construction as well as a new routine of dressing through the novel method of garment construction. Dressing a body in textiles through interlocking which results in an intimate connection between body and the garment as the body reacts to the garment and vice versa. The motivation for exploring the act of dressing is an urge to reflect upon the fast evolving society of today which tends to emphasize a static relationship between body and a garment.