In this paper, using the general purpose software ABAQUS, a three dimensional (3-D) finite element model was built to simulate semi-rigid composite connection with precast hollowcore slabs. 3D continuum elements are used for all parts of the composite connections and the contact conditions between all the components are explicitly modelled. The model also incorporates nonlinear material characteristics and non-linear geometric behaviour. A simplified method to simulate the bolted end plate connection is introduced and validated. The proposed simulation method of the longitudinal shear transmission can accurately simulate the plastic state of the longitudinal rebars after cracking. Different materials are chosen by the authors to simulate the concrete slab, and the elastic¿plastic material property is adopted which can accurately simulate the moment¿rotation response of the connections. Numerical results are presented and compared with the experimental data and good agreement is obtained.

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Simulation von Zweiwellen-Zahnriemengetrieben und deren Vorspannmethoden, insbesondere mit der relativ neuen Methode Spannring (ROLL-RING®). Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein analytisches Simulationsmodell zu entwickeln, mit dem grundlegende Erkenntnisse über das statische und dynamische Verhalten solcher ringgespannten Zahnriemengetriebe gewonnen werden können. Für einen exemplarischen Vergleich der Vorspannmethoden, werden außerdem analytische Simulationsmodelle für Zahnriemengetriebe ohne Spannelement und mit federgespannter Rolle erstellt. Als weiteren Bestandteil der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Dimensionierungsvorschrift für ringgespannte Zahnriemengetriebe abgeleitet, bei der sowohl statische als auch dynamische Vorgänge im Getriebe berücksichtigt werden können. Anschließend wird der Einfluss der relevanten Parameter auf das Verhalten des ringgespannten Getriebes untersucht. Alle erstellten Simulationsmodelle werden sowohl experimentell an Versuchsständen als auch mittels FEM-Vergleichsrechnung validiert. Die dafür benötigten Getriebeparameter wurden ebenfalls experimentell ermittelt. Abschließend folgt der exemplarische Vergleich der Vorspannmethoden anhand von drei Simulationsbeispielen und einem experimentellen Vergleich des Wirkungsgrads. / This dissertation deals with the simulation of two-shaft timing belt drive and its pre-tension methods. Special attention is given to the relatively new method tensioning ring (ROLL-RING®). The target of the present work is to develop an analytical simulation model, with this fundamental understanding of the static and dynamic behavior of such ring-tensioned timing belt drives can be gained. For an exemplary comparison of pre-tension methods, analytical simulation models for synchronous belt drive without pre-tension element and with tensioner pulley with spring will be created. As another part of the present work a dimensioning specification for ring-tensioned toothed belt drives was deduced. This specification can be considered in both static and dynamic processes in the transmission. Then, the influence of relevant parameters on the behavior of the ring-tensioned timing belt drives is researched. All created simulation models will vali-date both experimental and FEM using comparative calculation. The parameters re-quired for the transmission were also experimentally determined. Finally, the exemplary comparison of pre-tensioned methods basis of three examples of simulation and an ex-perimental comparison of energy conversion efficiency follow.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3262.pdf: 8603825 bytes, checksum: 51c881687adbb3d6b1750785d0cfee94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-24 / The following paper presents methods of calculation, verification and detailing of prestressed longitudinal reinforcement in cross sections of elements subjected to bending conceptualizing prestressing systems and its constituent elements, as well as the development of practical examples, calculated and detailed in a didactic manner, seeking an easy understanding and learning. The present study chooses to calculate the longitudinal reinforcement at the ultimate limit state and check it out at the serviceability limit state, always following the current standards. To organize the concepts and cohesion of the information, it is necessary to discuss theoretical and conceptual foundation by assembling several authors who derive about the subject matter. In order to ensure the adoption of normative recommendations (NBR6118:2007 e NBR9062:2005), issues such as durability, cover, classes of environmental aggressiveness, combinations of calculating and limiting values of prestress are discussed. As an example, it is presented a calculation discussion from a structure tailored to different classes of environmental aggressiveness, maintaining its main features, such as: the vain, the cross section and loads. With this work we realize that the calculations are needed, since there is not a situation which determines the scaling of the longitudinal reinforcement. Lastly, we present suggestions for future papers. In order to maintain the geometric features needed to the placement of the active armor on the top edge and on the replacement of the active armor by the passive one at any percentage can only be accomplished in partial prestress. The concurrent examinations may prevent the use of certain sections, for example, when examinations on empty are exclusive, or when the moment value relative to the weight itself is small in relation to the total moment. / O presente trabalho apresenta métodos de cálculo, verificação e detalhamento de armaduras longitudinais protendidas nas seções transversais de elementos submetidos à flexão conceituando os sistemas de protensão e seus elementos constituintes, bem como, o desenvolvimento de exemplos práticos, calculados e detalhados de maneira didática, visando um fácil entendimento e aprendizado. Neste trabalho opta-se por calcular a armadura longitudinal no estado limite último e verificá-la no estado limite de serviço, seguindo sempre as normas vigentes. Para a organização dos conceitos e coesão das informações, faz-se necessária a discussão teórica e o embasamento dos conceitos através da reunião de diversos autores que discorrem sobre o assunto abordado. Pretendendo garantir a adoção das recomendações normativas (NBR6118:2007 e NBR9062:2005), são discutidas questões como durabilidade, cobrimentos, classes de agressividade ambiental, combinações de cálculo e valores limites de protensão. Na forma de exemplo, é apresentada uma discussão de cálculo a partir de uma estrutura dimensionada para variadas classes de agressividade ambiental, mantendo suas características principais, como: o vão, a seção transversal e os carregamentos. Com o trabalho percebe-se que são necessários os cálculos, pois não há uma situação determinante para o dimensionamento da armadura longitudinal. Para que se mantenham as características geométricas é necessária a colocação de armadura ativa na borda superior e na substituição da armadura ativa pela passiva em qualquer porcentagem só pode ser realizada na protensão parcial. As verificações simultâneas podem inviabilizar o uso de certas seções, por exemplo, quando as verificações em vazio são excludentes, ou quando, o valor do momento relativo ao peso próprio é pequeno em relação ao momento total. Por fim são apresentadas sugestões para trabalhos futuros.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the theoretical basis of the screw connection theory and the subsequent application to the specific screw connection problem. Mentioned connection is part of the turbo charged combustion engine, specifically directly between the cylinder head and the turbocharger. The diploma thesis is divided into several parts. The first part dealing with selected chapters of the screw connections and the combustion engines theory, whose knowledge is important for further chapters of this diploma thesis. The next part shows method of creating the geometric and computational model, on which were performed the appropriate sensory analyses with respect to determine the cause of the nut and bolt loose in the given connection. On the basis of the gained knowledge and their evaluation has been created a separate calculation methodology in the last part of this thesis, which describing parameters that have an impact on this undesirable phenomenon, and which should be included in analyses for similar issues. The diploma thesis was realized in cooperation with ŠKODA Auto a.s., tř. Václav Klementa 869, Mladá Boleslav, and AUDI AG, Union-Straße 1, Ingolstadt.

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Simulation von Zweiwellen-Zahnriemengetrieben und deren Vorspannmethoden, insbesondere mit der relativ neuen Methode Spannring (ROLL-RING®). Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein analytisches Simulationsmodell zu entwickeln, mit dem grundlegende Erkenntnisse über das statische und dynamische Verhalten solcher ringgespannten Zahnriemengetriebe gewonnen werden können. Für einen exemplarischen Vergleich der Vorspannmethoden, werden außerdem analytische Simulationsmodelle für Zahnriemengetriebe ohne Spannelement und mit federgespannter Rolle erstellt. Als weiteren Bestandteil der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Dimensionierungsvorschrift für ringgespannte Zahnriemengetriebe abgeleitet, bei der sowohl statische als auch dynamische Vorgänge im Getriebe berücksichtigt werden können. Anschließend wird der Einfluss der relevanten Parameter auf das Verhalten des ringgespannten Getriebes untersucht. Alle erstellten Simulationsmodelle werden sowohl experimentell an Versuchsständen als auch mittels FEM-Vergleichsrechnung validiert. Die dafür benötigten Getriebeparameter wurden ebenfalls experimentell ermittelt. Abschließend folgt der exemplarische Vergleich der Vorspannmethoden anhand von drei Simulationsbeispielen und einem experimentellen Vergleich des Wirkungsgrads. / This dissertation deals with the simulation of two-shaft timing belt drive and its pre-tension methods. Special attention is given to the relatively new method tensioning ring (ROLL-RING®). The target of the present work is to develop an analytical simulation model, with this fundamental understanding of the static and dynamic behavior of such ring-tensioned timing belt drives can be gained. For an exemplary comparison of pre-tension methods, analytical simulation models for synchronous belt drive without pre-tension element and with tensioner pulley with spring will be created. As another part of the present work a dimensioning specification for ring-tensioned toothed belt drives was deduced. This specification can be considered in both static and dynamic processes in the transmission. Then, the influence of relevant parameters on the behavior of the ring-tensioned timing belt drives is researched. All created simulation models will vali-date both experimental and FEM using comparative calculation. The parameters re-quired for the transmission were also experimentally determined. Finally, the exemplary comparison of pre-tensioned methods basis of three examples of simulation and an ex-perimental comparison of energy conversion efficiency follow.

Due to the emergence of new materials and advanced engineering technology, slender footbridges are increasingly becoming popular to satisfy the modern transportation needs and the aesthetical requirements of society. These structures however are always &quotlively" with low stiffness, low mass, low damping and low natural frequencies. As a consequence, they are prone to vibration induced by human activities and can suffer severe vibration serviceability problems, particularly in the lateral direction. This phenomenon has been evidenced by the excessive lateral vibration of many footbridges worldwide such as the Millennium Bridge in London and the T-Bridge in Japan. Unfortunately, present bridge design codes worldwide do not provide sufficient guidelines and information to address such vibrations problems and to ensure safety and serviceability due to the lack of knowledge on the dynamic performance of such slender vibration sensitive bridge structures. A conceptual study has been carried out to comprehensively investigate the dynamic characteristics of slender suspension footbridges under human-induced dynamic loads and a footbridge model in full size with pre-tensioned reverse profiled cables in the vertical and horizontal planes has been proposed for this purpose. A similar physical suspension bridge model was designed and constructed in the laboratory, and experimental testings have been carried out to calibrate the computer simulations. The synchronous excitation induced by walking has been modelled as crowd walking dynamic loads which consist of dynamic vertical force, dynamic lateral force and static vertical force. The dynamic behaviour under synchronous excitation is simulated by resonant vibration at the pacing rate which coincides with a natural frequency of the footbridge structure. Two structural analysis software packages, Microstran and SAP2000 have been employed in the extensive numerical analysis. Research results show that the structural stiffness and vibration properties of suspension footbridges with pre-tensioned reverse profiled cables can be adjusted by choosing different structural parameters such as cable sag, cable section and pretensions in the reverse profiled cables. Slender suspension footbridges always have four main kinds of vibration modes: lateral, torsional, vertical and longitudinal modes. The lateral and torsional modes are often combined together and become two kinds of coupled modes: coupled lateral-torsional modes and coupled torsionallateral modes. Such kind of slender footbridges also have different dynamic performance in the lateral and vertical directions, and damping has only a small effect on the lateral vibration but significant effect on the vertical one. The fundamental coupled lateral-torsional mode and vertical mode are easily excited when crowd walking dynamic loads are distributed on full bridge deck. When the crowd walking dynamic loads are distributed eccentrically on half width of the deck, the fundamental coupled torsional-lateral mode can be excited and large lateral deflection can be induced. Higher order vertical modes and coupled lateral-torsional modes can also be excited by groups of walking pedestrians under certain conditions. It is found that the coupling coefficient introduced in this thesis to describe the coupling of a coupled mode, is an important factor which has significant effect on the lateral dynamic performance of slender suspension footbridges. The coupling coefficient, however, is influenced by many structural parameters such as cable configuration, cable section, cable sag, bridge span and pre-tensions, etc. In general, a large dynamic amplification factor is expected when the fundamental mode of a footbridge structure is the coupled lateral-torsional mode with a small coupling coefficient. The research findings of this thesis are useful in understanding the complex dynamic behaviour of slender and vibration sensitive suspension footbridges under humaninduced dynamic loads. They are also helpful in developing design guidance and techniques to improve the dynamic performance of such slender vibration sensitive footbridges and similar structures and hence to ensure their safety and serviceability.

This thesis focuses on design and assessment of load-bearing construction of a bridge over Jevišovka river at road I/53 near Lechovice. The bridge was designed as a trapezoidal cross-section slab. This solution was chosen from three sketch eventualities. The work includes an implementing engineering report, construction process report and report about static-analysis, the attachments include the sketch, vizualization, drawings, component drawing, construction process and the static-analysis of this structure. Computing of internal forces was performed by computational software Scia Engineer 17.