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The bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei differentiates into the stumpy form in the mammalian bloodstream, completing differentiation into the procyclic form on uptake by the tsetse fly. The underlying genetic events occurring during this differentiation process in pleomorphic cell lines were investigated through whole-genome microarray studies of key time points during differentiation from stumpy form cells to the procyclic form found in the insect midgut. The microarray was extensively validated and bioinformatic experiments conducted to detect motifs over represented in stumpy form or slender form cells. A positional-dependent motif was identified that was over represented in stumpy form cells, possibly representing a regulatory domain. The transcripts found to be enriched in stumpy form cells included a chloride channel, although RNAi directed against this gene showed no phenotype, suggesting the protein is redundant, as three other homologous proteins exist in the genome and showed similar mRNA profiles on the microarray. Stumpy form cells are G0 arrested and two proteins implicated in G0/G1 regulation in other organisms, Target of Rapamycin (Tor) and Cdh1, were investigated in T. brucei to determine whether these proteins were involved in differentiation. The result of depletion of either protein was rapid cell death in bloodstream form cells, although treatment with the drug rapamycin did not have any effect on the cells in contrast to other eukaryotes where this drug causes G1 arrest. A method for synchronisation of bloodstream form cells was also designed using a supravital dye and flow cytometry to allow investigation into cell cycle-dependent processes. This method was particularly suitable for harvesting populations enriched in G0/G1 stage cells, however differentiation of the isolated G0/G1 and G2/M populations did not show significantly different differentiation kinetics.

Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Kimberly W. Kramer / This report offers a parametric study analyzing the vertical reinforcement for slender reinforced concrete walls (tilt-up panels) subject to 90 miles per hour (mph), 110 mph, 130 mph, and 150 mph three-second gust wind speeds. Wall panel heights of 32 feet (ft) and 40 ft are considered for one-story warehouse structures. First, solid tilt-up panels serve as the base design used in the comparison process. Next, square openings of 4 ft, 8 ft, 12 ft, and 16 ft centered in the wall panel, are analyzed. A total of 32 tilt-up panel designs are conducted, establishing the most economical design by the least amount of reinforcement and concrete used. In addition to lateral wind pressures, the gravity loads acting on the load bearing tilt-up panel are dead load, roof live load, and snow load. All loads for this report are determined based on a typical 24 ft by 24 ft bay. The procedure to design the tilt-up panels is the Alternative Design of Slender Walls outlined in the American Concrete Institute standard ACI 318-08 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary Section 14.8 In general, an increase in panel height, lateral wind pressure, and/or panel openings, requires an increase in reinforcement to meet strength and serviceability. Typical vertical reinforcement in tilt-up panels is #4, #5, and #6 size reinforcement bars. A double-mat reinforcement scheme is utilized when the section requires an increase in reinforcement provided by use of a single-layer of reinforcement. A thicker tilt-up panel may be needed to ensure tension-controlled behavior. Panel thicknesses of 7.25 inches (in), 9.25 in, and 11.25 in are considered in design.

This thesis investigates strengthening slender steel columns with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates of various moduli. Three different types of CFRP were used in the study: Ultra-high modulus (430GPa), High modulus (212GPa) and Normal modulus (168GPa). In this study, specimens were grouped according to measured initial out-of-straightness values. The first section examines the effect of adding CFRP plates to the column flanges when buckling about the weak axis. Twelve columns, with a slenderness ratio of 197, were tested, of which nine were strengthened with CFRP. The main parameters tested were the level of initial out-of-straightness (length (L)/8387 to L/1020), CFRP modulus (168 to 430 GPa), CFRP reinforcement ratio (13% to 34%) and the length of CFRP plate (33% to 95% of L). The gain in axial strength due to CFRP retrofitting ranged from 11% to 29%, depending on the various parameters. The gain generally increased as CFRP modulus, initial out-of-straightness, or CFRP reinforcement ratio increased. Global buckling consistently governed the maximum load. In the case of the 430 GPa CFRP, buckling was followed by CFRP crushing in compression, then rupture in tension. The second section of the thesis examines the effect of CFRP plates added to the flanges and tested for buckling in the strong axis. Eight columns, with a slenderness ratio of 83, were tested of which five were strengthened with CFRP. The main parameters examined were the level of initial out-of-straightness (L/28889 to L/1635), CFRP modulus (168 to 430 GPa), CFRP reinforcement ratio (13% to 34%) and the axis of bending. The gain in axial strength due to CFRP retrofitting ranged from 0% to 25%, depending on the various parameters. The gain generally increased as initial out-of-straightness, or CFRP reinforcement ratio increased. The higher modulus did not perform as expected, showing no gain in strength, because the compressive strains were too large and the CFRP crushed before the specimen experienced any gain. Specimens compared with the weak axis, strengthened with normal modulus CFRP, had similar percentage gains in strength. / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-06-27 15:19:03.397

Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering / Kimberly W. Kramer / Recent years have witnessed the advent of many innovative materials to the construction industry. These materials often offer benefits to the projects on which they are used, but only if they are utilized in the proper applications. Among these new materials is high-strength reinforcing steel for use in reinforced concrete structural elements. This material is not new from the perspective of chemical composition, but rather the applications that it is being selected for. The following paper details the evaluation of the use of high-strength steel reinforcement in the design of reinforced concrete tilt-up panels and compares those designs to that of standard strength reinforcement. For the purpose of this study, standard strength is defined as reinforcement having a tensile yield stress of 60ksi while high-strength reinforcement refers to reinforcing steel with a tensile yield stress of 80ksi. 120 panels are designed for both high-strength and standard strength reinforcement, and the resulting steel spacings are compared. This study provides data from which designers and contractors can improve their ability to provide quality tilt-up panel designs.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The Peruvian textile industry is a highly competitive market and is one of the main economic engines of the country. The sector provides more than 463 thousand jobs and represents 7.4% of the GDP. Most of the companies, mostly family businesses, do not have enough knowledge to implement a management model according to productivity standards and expected level of service. This article proposes a production model for the clothing industry based on Lean management, combining SIPOC, VSM, 5S techniques and a production system to increase profitability in the short term and make it sustainable in time. The model is validated by a case study in a representative company of the sector. The proposed activities were monitored through the study of work indicators, in which the results indicate an increase in productivity by 59% and the fulfillment by 48%.

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Forces and moments have been measured on slender bodies in both static angle conditions as well as rapid time-dependent large amplitude maneuvers with the Dynamic Pitch Plunge Roll (DyPPiR) apparatus. <br /> <br /> Lateral and transversal forces as well as all three moments have been measured at static angles of attack and sideslip and unsteady pitch ramp maneuvers at a fixed point of rotation at the quarter length of the body. The two bodies are the DARPA Suboff generic submarine shape and a non-Body-of-Revolution scalene ellipsoid with a constant cross-section midbody. An analytical two-mode equation has been shown to accurately describe the normal force and pitch moment as well as side force and yaw moment for the ellipsoid body. It is based on the observation that the center of pressure for the cross-flow contribution is at a fixed location. For the Suboff body, this assumption is invalid. Unsteady forces and moments can be measured to a very small magnitude of uncertainty and were found to differ from steady forces and moments at the time-instantaneous flow angle during the motion. / Ph. D.

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