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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes special report study entitled: Automated construction process in the information age. Also available in print.

O presente trabalho visa contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável de produtos elaborados com materiais de base florestal e de fontes renováveis, no projeto, na produção e na montagem de componentes pré-fabricados de madeira e seus produtos derivados aplicáveis à arquitetura e construção civil. Isso se deve ao fato da atual necessidade de utilização de materiais e produtos de forma mais coerente através de tecnologias ecologicamente adaptadas para o uso de fontes energéticas renováveis, assegurando um desenvolvimento econômico socialmente responsável, com a finalidade de promover uma maior sustentabilidade no uso dos recursos naturais, principalmente no que diz respeito à construção de edificações. A base conceitual está delimitada por três aspectos fundamentais. O primeiro faz referência à problemática atual que envolve o desenvolvimento de produtos e arquitetura sustentável, considerando uma crescente preocupação quanto à possibilidade de limitação de recursos naturais disponíveis para a produção de bens materiais e os efeitos das mudanças climáticas decorrentes da degradação do meio ambiente diretamente ligada às atividades humanas. O segundo aspecto trata da importância do emprego de materiais locais de fontes renováveis na produção de produtos mais sustentáveis. Neste sentido, aborda as características e as possibilidades do emprego da madeira de floresta plantada e materiais derivados da madeira, com o objetivo de incentivar a produção local sustentável. Também são abordados neste item, os conceitos de pré-fabricação e coordenação modular; racionalização em projeto visando a minimização do desperdício e consequentemente a geração de resíduos. Por fim, é abordada a pré-fabricação de componentes em madeira com caráter sustentável no projeto de interfaces entre componente estruturais em madeira destinados à construção de edificações. / This work aims to contribute to the sustainable development of products made with forest-based materials and renewable sources in the design, production and assembly of prefabricated components of wood and its derivatives products applicable to architecture and construction. This is because of the current need to use materials and products more consistently through ecologically technologies adapted to the use of renewable energy sources, ensuring socially responsible economic development, with the aim of promoting more sustainable use of natural resources, particularly with regard to the construction of buildings. The conceptual basis is defined by three fundamental aspects. The first refers to the current problems involving product development and sustainable architecture, considering a growing concern about the possibility of limitation of natural resources available for the production of material goods and the effects of climate change resulting from environmental degradation directly linked to human activities. The second aspect deals with the importance of using local renewable materials in the production of products \"more\" sustainable. In this sense, it discusses the features and possibilities of the use of planted forest wood and materials derived from wood, in order to encourage sustainable local production. They are also covered in this item, the prefabrication of modular concepts and coordination; rationalization project aimed at minimizing waste and consequently the generation of waste. Finally, it addressed the prefabrication of wood components with sustainable character in interface design between structural component of wood for the construction of buildings.

This thesis is the development of a design program. Current housing systems, while offering a shelter, provide very little more in terms of differentiation and variation of units, or any selection on the part of the resident. This is termed the minimum solution and can, result in monotonous housing developments, discontent among inhabitants, and in general, dislike for "prefabricated houses.” But, through re-evaluation of design priorities, and developing the maximum solution, which does contain many variations and a wide selection for the owner, an industrialized system of building can offer each person a unique unit and in turn, make "prefabricated houses" desirable to live in. / M. A.

As the construction sector has caused significant environmental impacts, Sweden has made efforts to develop prefabricated buildings by increasing their prefabricated rates. In a life cycle perspective, this thesis examines how the overall environmental impacts during the construction processes are influenced when the prefabricated rate increases. By modelling in SimaPro version 9, this thesis conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a concrete framed reference building with a prefabricated rate of 26% located in Stockholm Royal Seaport. Nine scenarios with increasing prefabricated rates varying from 6% to 96% are compared in the thesis. The results show that when the prefabricated rate increases, the total water consumption of the building is optimized, while the overall energy consumption and GHG emissions have increased. For other environmental impacts, the thesis finds the terrestrial ecotoxicity is the most affected impact category when the prefabricated rate rises. The thesis indicates that water consumption of the building is mainly influenced by material extraction and processing stage, and the transport is the dominating factor to energy consumption, GHG emissions and terrestrial ecotoxicity as the prefabricated rate rises. The sensitivity analysis in the thesis also reveals that the energy consumption and GHG emissions of the prefabricated building are sensitive to transport scheme, such as transport distance and vehicle types. / För att optimera miljöproblem som orsakas av byggsektorn gör Sverige ansträngningar för att främja prefabricerade byggnader och stödjer också ökad andel prefabricerade komponenter i byggnader. Med fokus på byggverksamheten undersöker denna studie hur en ökad andel prefabricering kan påverka miljöpåverkan från byggsektorn. Denna studie genomför en Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) på en referensbyggnad med en prefabriceringsgrad på 26% i Stockholm Royal Seaport, och studerar nio scenarier med en prefabricerad andel från 6% till 96%. Resultaten indikerar att den totala vattenförbrukningen förbättras, men den totala energiförbrukningen och växthusgasutsläppen försämras när andelen prefabricering ökar. Av de undersökta effekterna har den markbundna ekotoxiciteten den högsta ökningen vid ökad prefabriceringsgrad. Rapporten visar att materialutvinning och -bearbetning är den dominerande påverkande faktorn som orsakar vattenförbrukning när prefabriceringsgraden ökar. Förändringarna i energiförbrukning, växthusgasutsläpp och markekotoxicitet påverkas främst av transporter. Energiförbrukningen och växthusgasutsläppen från den prefabricerade byggnaden är känsliga för transportavstånd och fordonstyper.

The present study focuses on English collocations and their testing in Czech learners of English. Since the importance of collocations and phraseology as a linguistic discipline has not been recognised until recently, these concepts are introduced from the general point of view. First, the attention is given to the history of phraseology and its underlying principles as well as to the major approaches to it. Second, phraseological units are described from the point of view of their categorisation and of some influential typologies of these units. The main focus of interest is collocations, particularly major approaches to them as well as criteria commonly used to describe and delimit collocations from other types of prefabricated units and their definition and classification. Previous research on collocations in learner English is also outlined. The analytical part (based on Granger's (1998) study) analyzes the results of testing English collocations in Czech learners of English. The main focus is on whether these results confirm or deny the results of Granger's study, as well as on the learners' knowledge of and ability to use collocations, particularly on their (non)attaining the native "ideal."

Thesis. 1975. M.Arch.A.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / M.Arch.A.S.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Jin Kyoon Kim. / M.Arch.

Thesis. 1975. M.Arch.A.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / Bibliography: leaf 62. / by Shyng Miin Chen. / M.Arch.A.S.