Thesis (doctoral)--Airlangga University, 1985. / Errata slip inserted. Thesis statement inserted. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-169) and index.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Homoeopathy)-Dept. of Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 xxiii, 154 leaves / This study sought to determine the perceptions that currently exist amongst pregnant women towards homoeopathy, in light of the fact that drug use during pregnancy is limited. This study aimed at identifying myths and misconceptions that currently exist towards homoeopathy by looking at the attitudes and perceptions held by this target group. This information can be used to develop future homoeopathic education initiatives for this target group.

Background: The prevalence of cases of HIV among children below the ages of 15 years continues to increase and majority of these children acquired the infection through mother-to-child transmission. Methodology: The main objectives of the study were to explore the perceptions of local women regarding the PMTCT program, to evaluate the strength of these perceptions and to make recommendations. A qualitative method was used involving a number of focus group discussions among antenatal clinic attendees in the 27 primary health care clinics in Qwa-Qwa, Free State province of South Africa. Findings: The findings were organised under eight major themes: (1) Knowledge of the program -where the participants expressed high knowledge about the PMTCT program as they knew how MTCT of HIV occurs and how it can be prevented, (2) Perceived concerns about the program- which were mainly fear of resistance to ARVs, fear of stopping the treatment after delivery, potential for high numbers of orphans, depression and suicide when HIV result is positive, the fear of the family neglecting the baby if the mothers dies, the perception that the program cares for only the babies and not their mother, (3)Readiness to do HIV test- where majority of the participants said it was difficult doing the HIV test due to fear of positive result, (4) Ease of taking ARVs- Difficulty in taking the ARVs due to fear of resistance and harmful side effects, (5) Relationship with clinic staff- a majority of the participants were happy with their relationship with the clinic staff, (6) Reactions expected from family members when program advice is followed- more than half of the participants expected negative reactions from family members if the program advice is followed because of the negative attitudes of their male partners and the elders’ of the resistance to change from their cultural beliefs, (7) Advantages of the program- according to the focus group participants, the advantages of the program include the knowledge gained about HIV, modes of MTCT of HIV and how to prevent MTCT of HIV. Other advantages mentioned were prevention of MTCT of HIV, pre-test counselling reducing the fear of doing HIV test, knowing one’s HIV status as well as the potential of the program to have positive change on the cultural beliefs of the people, and lastly (8)How they felt being part of the program- where all the participants said they were excited . Conclusions: The findings were similar to those of other studies in many respects. Recommendations: The recommendations were community and family HIV/AIDS education and their involvement in the PMTCT program in other to reduce misconceptions about the disease, and stigmatization against the women in the program. Other recommendations include: the concept of PMTCT-plus which provides ongoing support and treatment for the mothers, babies and infected family members; integration of innovative health education and culturally appropriate interventions into the program; provision of adequate maternity leaves to women in the PMTCT program as well as full integration of the PMTCT program into the District Health System (DHS) as part of the “horizontal” delivered package.

Objective: To report an outbreak of ZIKV infection among asymptomatic pregnant women during 2016 in the city of Jaen, Cajamarca. Results: Zika virus RNA was detected in 3.2% (n = 36) of cases by RT-PCR. The mean age of patients positive for ZIKV infection was 29.6 years. 7 patients (19.4%) infected with ZIKV were in their first-trimester of gestation, 13 (36.1%) were in their second-trimester, and 16 (44%) were in their third-trimester. All of the infected pregnant women were asymptomatic. ZIKV infection remains a major public health issue that calls for constant epidemiological surveillance. It can cause the congenital Zika virus syndrome in the newborns of infected mothers. The lack of molecular diagnostic methods in isolated localities and the similarity of symptoms to other arboviral infections, lead to an under-diagnosis of this disease in endemic areas. / Revisión por pares

Too many children are still being newly infected with HIV. The Global Plan is to eliminate new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keep their mothers alive. The rate of MTCT of HIV-1 has fallen to less than 2% in countries with the implementation of recommendations. The best documented factor that correlates to higher rates of transmission is the maternal level of plasma viremia. Therefore it is important to maximally inhibit HIV replication in order to prevent HIV-associated morbidity and mortality and to prevent MTCT. Durable viral suppression prolongs life by improving immune function and overall quality of life, lowering the risk of both AIDs-defining and non-AIDS-defining complications. Clinical data are more limited on antiretroviral drugs in pregnant women than in non-pregnant individuals due to concerns for maternal and fetal safety, ethical considerations, the difficulty in designing appropriate trials to assess the study objectives, and funding limitations. However there are sufficient data to base recommendations for drug choice for many of the available antiretroviral drugs. Preferred drugs must show durable viral suppression, increased CD4 cell count, and a favorable safety profile. In addition to the aforementioned characteristics of a preferred drug, preferred antiretroviral drugs for pregnant individuals must pay special attention to maternal toxicity, potential teratogenicity, and fetal safety, efficacy of reducing perinatal transmission, and pharmacokinetics data during the perinatal transmission of HIV. Currently the optimal initial antiretroviral regimens to treat antiretroviral-naïve patients in high resource regions consist of two nucleoside/tide reverse transcription inhibitors in combination with either a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a protease inhibitor boosted with RTV. Continually re-evaluation is recommended to challenge current paradigms. Treatment advances may lead to safer and even superior alternatives to current first-line therapy. The WHO current first-line therapy in less developed or developing regions includes the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, EFV and considerations of poorer overall efficacy compared to newer drugs, toxicity, resistance, and adverse effects suggest that EFV should be reconsidered for use in first-line therapy. Although preferred protease inhibitors are as effective as EFV with fewer adverse effects, serious issues arise when patients are on concomitant medications with drug interactions. Currently raltegravir is the only integrase strand transfer inhibitor drug (INSTI) with data during pregnancy. Raltegravir is an attractive alternative or additional drug for pregnant women requiring medications with resistance, incomplete virologic response, or significant interactions with current first-line regimen drugs. Furthermore, based on recent data, raltegravir could provide pre-exposure prophylaxis in the fetus. DTG is a newer generation INSTI with clinical trials data showing safety and efficacy in nonpregnant adults. These studies suggest great promise for DTG and justify its role as first-line therapy for the nonpregnant population with relatively few drug interactions; in addition, it offers the only single tablet regimen for patient with or at risk for renal dysfunction. Although more data must be collected to ensure the safety and efficacy of INSTI as a first-line therapy in pregnant women, current studies show promise and with increasing experience INSTI agents may become part of the recommended first-line regimen for pregnant women.

Orientador: José Carlos Peraçoli / Resumo: A gravidez é um momento complexo na vida da mulher. Um momento ao mesmo tempo rico e doloroso, impactante e inesquecível e que remete a grávida à sua própria origem. Existem alguns sintomas bastante comuns na gestação e que apesar de provocarem um certo transtorno, podem ser vividos como prazerosos à medida que evidenciam a existência da gravidez. Sendo assim, a grávida pode vivenciá-los com relativa tranqüilidade. O mesmo não acontece quando a gestante é portadora de alguma patologia considerada de alto risco, o que determina um clima de ameaça com conseqüente apreensão e insegurança como é o caso da hipertensão arterial. Considerando-se a estreita relação entre o psíquico e o somático, o conhecimento das características emocionais e de personalidade dessas gestantes, por parte dos profissionais envolvidos no tratamento delas, pode favorecer um melhor e mais completo atendimento dessas gestantes. OBJETIVO- Investigar sobre as características emocionais e de personalidade da gestante portadora de hipertensão arterial crônica. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS- Estudo prospectivo, observacional e comparativo (quali-quantitativo), de 70 gestantes com idade entre 20 e 35 anos, idade gestacional inicial entre 16 e 36 semanas, sendo 35 hipertensas e 35 normotensas. Para o estudo da personalidade foi utilizado o teste projetivo H.T.P. (casa-árvore-pessoa) na forma monocromática e para o levantamento das características emocionais a entrevista semi-estruturada. RESULTADOS- As gestantes portadoras de hipertensão arterial crônica têm maiores dificuldades na expressão de certas emoções do que as gestantes que não sofrem desta doença. Estas dificuldades se referem principalmente à raiva e à alegria e justificam-se por serem as gestantes hipertensas possuidoras de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Pregnancy is a complex moment in a woman's life. A moment, at the same time, rich and painful, impacting and unforgettablewhich refers the pregnant woman to her own origin. There are some very common symptoms in pregnancy which are uncomfortable, however, they can be experimented as a kind of pleasure as they evidence the existence of pregnancy. Thus, the pregnant woman can experiment them with a certain serenity. The same is not true when the pregnant woman is carrier of some pathology considered of high risk, which determine a degree of threatening with consequent concern and insecurity such as the case of high arterial pressure. Considering the close relationship between the psychological and the somatic aspects, the knowledge of the emotional and personality characteristics of those pregnant women, by the professional involved in their treatment, can favor a better and more complete care of those women. OBJECTIVE - To investigate the emotional and personality characteristics of the chronic high arterial pressure pregnant woman. SUBJECTS AND METHODS - Prospective, observational and comparative study of 70 pregnant women with ages ranging from 20 to 35 years old, initial pregnancy age between 16 and 36 weeks, being 35 hypertensive and 35 normotentive with normal arterial pressure ou non-hypertensive . For studying the personality the H.T.P projective test was utilized (house-tree-person) in monochromatic form and for surveying the emotional characteristics the semistructured interview. RESULTS - The chronic hypertensive pregnant women have greater difficulties for expressing certain emotions than the pregnant women who do not have that condition. The difficulties are particularly related to the expression of anger and joy and this is justified by the fact of being hypertensive pregnant women with peculiar personality characteristics... (Complete abstract click electronicaccess below) / Mestre

Orientador: Marisa Trench de Oliveira Fonterrada / Banca: Izildinha Maesta / Banca: Ilza Zenker Leme Jolly / Resumo: Durante a gestação, é comum que a mulher fique mais sensível, física e emocionalmente, ao meio. Os sentidos ficam mais aguçados e a emoção à flor da pele. No entanto, pouco se comenta sobre o aumento da sensibilidade auditiva, e são escassos os dados específicos sobre a influência do meio sonoro sobre a saúde da gestante e do bebê. Esta pesquisa busca entender como se dá a relação da gestante com o meio sonoro: os fatores positivos - relacionados ao prazer - e os negativos, relacionados ao estresse, que pode ser causado tanto pelo excesso de ruídos, como pela associação subjetiva a determinados sons e músicas, e com essa relação pode afetar sua saúde, e conseqüentemente, a do bebê, e tem como ponto de partida a necessidade de averiguar o possível aumento da sensibilidade auditiva durante o período de gestação. Para essa finalidade, foi utilizada a Internet como meio de contato com as gestantes, e criada uma comunidade virtual para discussão dos aspectos do ambiente sonoro ligados à gestação. Deste modo, formou-se um grupo com mulheres de diversas partes do Brasil, de formação, classe social e idades diversificadas, dispostas a falar sobre sua gestação e a percepção do ambiente sonoro. A investigação do tema fundamenta-se, principalmente, no trabalho de Murray Schafer , precursor do estudo da ecologia acústica, e em pesquisa da área médica, com o objetivo de realçar a relação entre a paisagem sonora e a gestação, e para dar sustentação à hipótese de que o ambiente sonoro possa influenciar a saúde da gestante, tanto positiva como negativamente, dependendo do tipo de som que o forme, e que sua percepção adequada possa se tornar um instrumento auxiliar na prevenção de problemas e na promoção do bem-estar durante esse período. / Abstract: It's usual that women get emotionally and fiscally more sensible to the environment during pregnancy. Their senses get more accurate, and they are emotionally touchier. However, little is said about hearing sensibility, and there is hardly any specific data about how sounds from environment interfere whit baby and mother healthy. This research intends to undersand how these sounds from environment possitively and negativily affect a pregnant woman. Sounds can positively affect pregnancy providing pleasant sensations, and negativily, thei can be related either to stress caused by noise excess or to subjective reactions to certain sounds or music. As environment sounds can affect pregnancy and therefore the baby's healty there's need to check as much as possible, the increase of hearing sensibility during pregnancy. Communication with pregnant women was established through Internet, and through a virtual community for discussion on how sounds from environment can affect pregnancy. This community was made up of women from all over Brazil, of different ages and from social levels who were willing to talk about their pregnancy and influence of sounds on it. This investigation is based on Murray Schafer's work who first studied acoustic ecology and medical area researches with the intention of approachling soundscape and pregnancy. This study is used to fundament the idea that souds from the environment can positively or negatively influence harthy in pregnancy, according to what kind of souns the woman is exposed to, and it explains that its appropriat use can be an instrument of prevention to problems and can also promote well being during the pregnancy time. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:35:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bormio_sng_me_botfm.pdf: 332709 bytes, checksum: e72c303050068e5055194ef227f1e5d4 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A gravidez é um momento complexo na vida da mulher. Um momento ao mesmo tempo rico e doloroso, impactante e inesquecível e que remete a grávida à sua própria origem. Existem alguns sintomas bastante comuns na gestação e que apesar de provocarem um certo transtorno, podem ser vividos como prazerosos à medida que evidenciam a existência da gravidez. Sendo assim, a grávida pode vivenciá-los com relativa tranqüilidade. O mesmo não acontece quando a gestante é portadora de alguma patologia considerada de alto risco, o que determina um clima de ameaça com conseqüente apreensão e insegurança como é o caso da hipertensão arterial. Considerando-se a estreita relação entre o psíquico e o somático, o conhecimento das características emocionais e de personalidade dessas gestantes, por parte dos profissionais envolvidos no tratamento delas, pode favorecer um melhor e mais completo atendimento dessas gestantes. OBJETIVO- Investigar sobre as características emocionais e de personalidade da gestante portadora de hipertensão arterial crônica. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS- Estudo prospectivo, observacional e comparativo (quali-quantitativo), de 70 gestantes com idade entre 20 e 35 anos, idade gestacional inicial entre 16 e 36 semanas, sendo 35 hipertensas e 35 normotensas. Para o estudo da personalidade foi utilizado o teste projetivo H.T.P. (casa-árvore-pessoa) na forma monocromática e para o levantamento das características emocionais a entrevista semi-estruturada. RESULTADOS- As gestantes portadoras de hipertensão arterial crônica têm maiores dificuldades na expressão de certas emoções do que as gestantes que não sofrem desta doença. Estas dificuldades se referem principalmente à raiva e à alegria e justificam-se por serem as gestantes hipertensas possuidoras de... / Pregnancy is a complex moment in a woman’s life. A moment, at the same time, rich and painful, impacting and unforgettablewhich refers the pregnant woman to her own origin. There are some very common symptoms in pregnancy which are uncomfortable, however, they can be experimented as a kind of pleasure as they evidence the existence of pregnancy. Thus, the pregnant woman can experiment them with a certain serenity. The same is not true when the pregnant woman is carrier of some pathology considered of high risk, which determine a degree of threatening with consequent concern and insecurity such as the case of high arterial pressure. Considering the close relationship between the psychological and the somatic aspects, the knowledge of the emotional and personality characteristics of those pregnant women, by the professional involved in their treatment, can favor a better and more complete care of those women. OBJECTIVE - To investigate the emotional and personality characteristics of the chronic high arterial pressure pregnant woman. SUBJECTS AND METHODS - Prospective, observational and comparative study of 70 pregnant women with ages ranging from 20 to 35 years old, initial pregnancy age between 16 and 36 weeks, being 35 hypertensive and 35 normotentive with normal arterial pressure ou non-hypertensive . For studying the personality the H.T.P projective test was utilized (house-tree-person) in monochromatic form and for surveying the emotional characteristics the semistructured interview. RESULTS - The chronic hypertensive pregnant women have greater difficulties for expressing certain emotions than the pregnant women who do not have that condition. The difficulties are particularly related to the expression of anger and joy and this is justified by the fact of being hypertensive pregnant women with peculiar personality characteristics... (Complete abstract click electronicaccess below)