Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2006. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 29 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Dental plaque is the most important etiological factor of periodontal diseases. Mechanical plaque control is the most effective way in preventing periodontal diseases. Chemical plaque control methods (such as mouthrinses) have been recommended to be used because of some drawbacks in the mechanical methods in some areas of the dentition (such as interproximal areas). But are these mouthrinses really effective in those areas? The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Essential Oils mouthrinse (Listerine) on plaque formation in interproximal areas with Chlorhexidine and Sterile water. / South Africa

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_rm_dr_guara.pdf: 1208441 bytes, checksum: 69fc0ac65e3dfb4d4f16253de7366fad (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A análise espacial é um recurso fundamental para o estudo de doenças em grupos populacionais e a dengue é relevante causa de morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar padrões na distribuição espacial dos casos de dengue ocorridos no município de Cruzeiro/SP, nos anos de 2006 e 2011 para subsidiar os gestores de saúde no planejamento de intervenções e implementação de políticas públicas. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico e exploratório que utilizou as ferramentas de análise espacial na elaboração de mapas temáticos, com dados obtidos do SinanNet. Foi feita uma análise por área, tomando-se como unidade o setor censitário do IBGE; considerando os meses de março, abril, maio e junho dos respectivos anos. Os mapas temáticos foram construídos pelo programa computacional TerraView 3.3.1; foram estimados os valores dos índices de Moran Global (IM) e Local, mês a mês, bem como o estimador de Kernel. Os resultados encontrados para o ano de 2006 mostram 691 casos confirmados de dengue (864,2 casos por 100.000 habitantes). Os primeiros casos foram identificados nas regiões central e leste e os últimos casos, nas regiões central, norte, nordeste e sul. No primeiro semestre do ano de 2011 foram registrados 709 casos autóctones, (886,8 casos/100.000 habitantes). Os primeiros casos ocorreram também no mês de março, na região norte, nordeste, central, sul e sudoeste, às margens do Rio Paraíba do Sul, das Estradas de Rodagem Cruzeiro-Passa Quatro e Cruzeiro-Lavrinhas e os últimos aconteceram na região norte. Assim, o geoprocessamento permitiu identificar setores censitários onde a epidemia teve início e como evoluiu têmporo-espacialmente no município, sendo de grande utilidade para o planejamento das ações de prevenção e controle da doença em qualquer município / The spatial analysis is a key resource for the study of diseases in populations and dengue is relevant cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to identify patterns in spatial distribution of cases of dengue fever occurred in the municipality of Cruzeiro/SP, in the years 2006 to 2011 and subsidize health managers in planning and implementation of public policies. This is an exploratory and ecological study which spatial analysis tools used in the preparation of thematic maps with data obtained from SinanNet. An analysis was made by area, taking as the unit the census of the IBGE; whereas the months of March, April, May and June of their respective years. The thematic maps were constructed by computational program TerraView 3.3.1; estimated values of indexes of Moran Global (IM) and Location by month, as well as the Kernel estimator. The results found for the year 2006 show 691 cases confirmed dengue (864.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). The first cases were identified in Central and Eastern and the latter cases, Central, North, Northeast and South. In the first half of the year of 2011 autochthonous cases were registered, 709 (886.79 cases/100,000 inhabitants). The first cases occurred in the month of March, in the North, Northeast, Central, South and Southwest, on the banks of the River Paraíba do Sul, highway Cruzeiro-Passa Quatro and Cruzeiro-Lavrinhas and the last took place in the northern region. Thus the geoprocessing Census sectors identified where the epidemic began and how it evolved derangement spatially in the municipality being of great benefit to the planning of the actions of prevention and control of disease in any municipality

Orientador: Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento / Banca: João Andrade de Carvalho Junior / Banca: Eduardo Celso Gerbi Camargo / Banca: Gisela Rita de Alvarenga M. Marques / Banca: Maria Stella Amorim da Costa Zollner / Resumo: A análise espacial é um recurso fundamental para o estudo de doenças em grupos populacionais e a dengue é relevante causa de morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar padrões na distribuição espacial dos casos de dengue ocorridos no município de Cruzeiro/SP, nos anos de 2006 e 2011 para subsidiar os gestores de saúde no planejamento de intervenções e implementação de políticas públicas. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico e exploratório que utilizou as ferramentas de análise espacial na elaboração de mapas temáticos, com dados obtidos do SinanNet. Foi feita uma análise por área, tomando-se como unidade o setor censitário do IBGE; considerando os meses de março, abril, maio e junho dos respectivos anos. Os mapas temáticos foram construídos pelo programa computacional TerraView 3.3.1; foram estimados os valores dos índices de Moran Global (IM) e Local, mês a mês, bem como o estimador de Kernel. Os resultados encontrados para o ano de 2006 mostram 691 casos confirmados de dengue (864,2 casos por 100.000 habitantes). Os primeiros casos foram identificados nas regiões central e leste e os últimos casos, nas regiões central, norte, nordeste e sul. No primeiro semestre do ano de 2011 foram registrados 709 casos autóctones, (886,8 casos/100.000 habitantes). Os primeiros casos ocorreram também no mês de março, na região norte, nordeste, central, sul e sudoeste, às margens do Rio Paraíba do Sul, das Estradas de Rodagem Cruzeiro-Passa Quatro e Cruzeiro-Lavrinhas e os últimos aconteceram na região norte. Assim, o geoprocessamento permitiu identificar setores censitários onde a epidemia teve início e como evoluiu têmporo-espacialmente no município, sendo de grande utilidade para o planejamento das ações de prevenção e controle da doença em qualquer município / Abstract: The spatial analysis is a key resource for the study of diseases in populations and dengue is relevant cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to identify patterns in spatial distribution of cases of dengue fever occurred in the municipality of Cruzeiro/SP, in the years 2006 to 2011 and subsidize health managers in planning and implementation of public policies. This is an exploratory and ecological study which spatial analysis tools used in the preparation of thematic maps with data obtained from SinanNet. An analysis was made by area, taking as the unit the census of the IBGE; whereas the months of March, April, May and June of their respective years. The thematic maps were constructed by computational program TerraView 3.3.1; estimated values of indexes of Moran Global (IM) and Location by month, as well as the Kernel estimator. The results found for the year 2006 show 691 cases confirmed dengue (864.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). The first cases were identified in Central and Eastern and the latter cases, Central, North, Northeast and South. In the first half of the year of 2011 autochthonous cases were registered, 709 (886.79 cases/100,000 inhabitants). The first cases occurred in the month of March, in the North, Northeast, Central, South and Southwest, on the banks of the River Paraíba do Sul, highway Cruzeiro-Passa Quatro and Cruzeiro-Lavrinhas and the last took place in the northern region. Thus the geoprocessing Census sectors identified where the epidemic began and how it evolved derangement spatially in the municipality being of great benefit to the planning of the actions of prevention and control of disease in any municipality / Doutor

As instituições prisionais são tidas como um reservatório para doenças transmissíveis, entre estas a tuberculose. O estudo objetivou analisar na produção cientifica as estratégias para o controle da tuberculose no sistema prisional. Assim, elegeu-se a revisão integrativa da literatura a qual se deu com a busca de artigos científicos originais nas bases de dados PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Alied Health Literature, Web of Science e Scopus, lançando mão de diferentes estratégias de buscas com a utilização de descritores controlados e não controlados, cuja seleção dos artigos foi pautada em critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Após as buscas nas bases de dados com a leitura de título e resumo das publicações, foi possível pré-selecionar para esta revisão 33 artigos científicos originais e, conseqüente à leitura na íntegra dos mesmos chegou-se à amostra final de 22 artigos, que compõem este estudo. Pela leitura dos artigos foi possível identificar 11 estratégias, todas direcionadas à detecção da doença, e agrupá-las em três categorias \"Busca Ativa como estratégia para o controle da tuberculose\", \"Busca Ativa como estratégia para identificação de tuberculose latente\" e \"Utilização de imagem para diagnóstico da tuberculose\". A partir dos estudos incluídos nesta revisão pode-se evidenciar que quando as estratégias são desenvolvidas como complementares e realizadas periodicamente proporciona maiores chances do controle efetivo da tuberculose no sistema prisional / Prison institutions are known as reservoirs for transmittable diseases, such as tuberculosis. The study aimed to analyze the strategies for the control of tuberculosis in the prison system, trough scientific work. Thus, integrative review was chosen, happening through the search of original scientific articles in the PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Alied Health Literature, Web of Science and Scopus databases, including different search strategies using controlled and non-controlled descriptors, selecting articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the database search using titles and summaries, it was possible to pre-select 33 original scientific articles for this review and, consequent to full reading of those articles, come to a final of 22, which compose the study. Through the reading of such articles it was possible to identify 11 strategies, all aimed to the detection of the disease, and group them into three categories \"Active Case-finding as a strategy for control of tuberculosis\", \"Active Case-finding as a strategy for identifying latent tuberculosis\" and \"Use of image to diagnose tuberculosis\". Through the studies included in this review it\'s possible to make clear that when all strategies are developed as complementary and performed periodically they can provide higher chances of effective control of tuberculosis in the prison system

No description available.

Magister Public Health - MPH / The program that was studied is part of the Child Health Program devised and supported by CARE International and implemented in Kanyama, a high density and low cost community found on the outskirts of Lusaka, Zambia. Diarrhoea was identified as one of the three most common diseases affecting the children under the age of five years. Through community participation, the program was implemented by the Kanyama residents to reduce the cases of diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia among children aged five years and under. The main aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of the impact of community participation by the community leaders and community members in the diarrhoea prevention program and to establish constraints affecting participation. / South Africa

Infections are a major source of morbidity and cause of mortality during the post-operative phase for patients. Wound infections are the second most commonly encountered type of nosocomial, hospital-acquired, infection in the United States (Nichols, 2007:8). Owing to the fact that wound infection may be induced, such as, by not applying infection control and sterile technique principles in the operating room complex, it is imperative to implement infection control principles and apply sterile technique principles. The researcher noticed that some of the sterile technique principles were not carried out in the operating room complex which lead to the necessity to assess the knowledge of registered nurses’ regarding the implementation of infection control and sterile technique principles. The main goal of the study was to explore and describe the knowledge of registered nurses’ in two private hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, related to infection control and sterile technique principles in the operating room complex. Following the analysis of the data, the researcher made recommendations for changes to be made to the existing infection control guidelines in the operating room complex. The research design was quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The sample consisted of all the registered nurses known as scrub nurses, in the operating room complex. The unit managers were excluded from the study, because the researcher utilized their assistance with the handing out and collecting of the questionnaires because, not all scrub nurses were at work at the same time. Firstly a pilot study was conducted (in both private hospitals) to confirm the reliability of the data collection instrument. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire that was self-administered and consisted out of three sections: Section A – Biographical Data; Section B – Knowledge Base Related to Infection Control Principles and Section C – Knowledge Base Related to the Principles of Asepsis. The researcher consulted experts to ensure the reliability and validity of the questionnaires and to ensure that the iv questionnaires would measure what it is intended to measure and that it will remain consistent. The data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed by means of statistical and inferential analysis and included descriptive statistics with the assistance of a statistician. Following the analysis of the data, recommendations for changes to be made to the existing infection control guidelines in the operating room complex was made. This was done with relevant literature and the guidelines were discussed with experts in the field. The researcher ensured that all the legal and ethical requirements, such as the participants’ right to privacy, were maintained throughout the study.

The purpose of this study was to review the evidence linking maternal and paternal lifestyle habits in the preconception and prenatal period to adverse reproductive outcomes; to determine either the proportion of reproductive casualties which could be attributed to lifestyle risk, thus be amenable to prevention, or the information required to estimate the preventable portion of lifestyle-related reproductive casualties; and to examine a method for surveillance of reproductive health in the community which would provide the basis for a comprehensive information system suited to the needs of the research, planning, preventive medicine and health promotion communities. As a means of managing the size of the study report, only a representative set of lifestyles (smoking, alcohol consumption and nutrition) and research literature (major cohort and case-control studies in human populations) was reported in detail. A method was developed to review and describe the degree to which the evidence meets established criteria for causal association. The most recently available prevalence data for determining smoking, alcohol and nutritional risk, and incidence data for seven reproductive outcomes (infertility, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, infant mortality, congenital anomalies, fetal growth and morbidity) in the British Columbia population were used to calculate the preventable portion of reproductive casualties in this community. A review of the variables required, compared with the data available, provided the basis for recommendations regarding a reproductive health information system to support community surveillance, evaluation and research. The study supports the conclusion that there is evidence of a causal link between exposure to lifestyle risks and the majority of adverse reproductive outcomes selected as indicators of reproductive health. The calculation of the preventable portion (etiologic fraction) of lifestyle-related reproductive casualties in British Columbia suggests the preventable portion associated with single lifestyle risk variables may be in the range of 10-50 percent. A more extensive and up-to-date set of population data for British Columbia is required to determine an accurate estimate. The benefits to be derived from an improved information system were detailed in the study. Reproductive health data collected for British Columbia is primarily outcome oriented with very little input data on which to base rational planning decisions for the improvement of reproductive health outcomes. The study recommends that a more comprehensive reproductive health information system, with an integrated, linked data base, be considered a high priority by government and all institutions, agencies and individuals working to improve reproductive health outcomes in British Columbia. The potential to improve reproductive health is significant enough to warrant action at the clinical and community level, but additional data are required to plan cost-effective intervention strategies, to monitor improvements in reproductive health, and to support applied research initiatives. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate