This research provides a thorough review of the research on priming and marketing (essay 1) as well as empirically explores several unintended consequences of priming (essay 2) and the antecedents to priming effects (essay 3). In essay 1, priming research is reviewed using a classification system based on priming outcome using the ABC model of attitudes (i.e., affective, behavioral, and cognitive priming). The priming process is discussed, and types of priming in each category are reviewed before challenges in the priming process are discussed. In essay 2, non-product-centric (i.e., collateral) primes (e.g., co-branding, sponsorship, cause marketing) are explored. This research explores how collateral information works as a prime to influence product evaluations, specifically with application to cause marketing. Study 1 of essay 2 explores the consumer outcomes of collateral communication primes by showing that adding a health cause to a cookie package (i.e., the prime) significantly increases product health perceptions. Study 2 explores limits on collateral communication priming and finds that health charities on product packaging increase brand attitude and purchase intentions, while disclaimers increase processing and reduce prime effects. Study 3 explores person specific antecedents to collateral communication primes revealing that an individual's theory of mind leads to ad skepticism that, in turn, influences reaction to primes. Essay 3 specifically examines the theoretical framework underlying priming effects by examining priming from two bodies of competing theory rooted in individual and social antecedents to behavior. Study 1 of essay 3 confirms past findings and develops materials to be used in studies 2 and 3 by showing that spokesfigures are marketer-supplied cues that vary in manipulativeness, and these cues interact with other cues, such as complexity and persuasion. Study 2 provides support for individual antecedents to cue-based primes (cognitive abilities, as measured by working memory capacity, and advertising skepticism). Study 3 builds on study 2 by adding in social antecedents (theory of mind and psychological reactance) to develop a comprehensive model of consumer information processing. All together, these three essays explore the literature on priming and marketing and provide a more holistic understanding of the antecedents to priming effects. / 2016-09-29

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-25T20:07:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Kelly Cristina Santos Alexandre de Lima.pdf: 1635869 bytes, checksum: 038861f43fdfe8411b10d93fc0f8533a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T20:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Kelly Cristina Santos Alexandre de Lima.pdf: 1635869 bytes, checksum: 038861f43fdfe8411b10d93fc0f8533a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-15 / This study aims to provide a discussion of the concepts involving encryption, through its application of prime numbers, and possible links with education. The criterion used to choose one or other cryptographic system was subjective, many systems have not been addressed, even containing intrinsic relations with the theme. The necessity to exchange confidential information urged the rise of art to encode messages, the virtual network and its millions of users identified the need for a system using public key and at the same time, safe. RSA came to supply the needs of a society that increasingly conducts its banking, commercial and social web. One issue which needs to be thought concerning the way how the contents of the called Number Theory have been presented and learned at school. Something that is traditionally consecrated as boring and meaningless. The art of cryptography brings relevant topics to think about mathematical concepts, providing an education for Troubleshooting. The paths taken, thereafter, provide meaningful experiences for the subject, in emancipatory education, as suggested by Adorno and Ranci?re. Suggested activities from different coding systems intend to instigate students and educators to reconsider the different possibilities of a problem, raising the sensitivity of thinking and find ways to solve and not repeat the mechanisms of a mathematical algorithm, so that the educational act passes by the complex circumstances that present themselves today. / Este trabalho visa estabelecer uma discuss?o sobre os conceitos envolvendo criptografia, atrav?s de sua aplica??o dos n?meros primos, e as poss?veis rela??es com a educa??o. O crit?rio utilizado para optar por este ou aquele sistema criptogr?fico foi subjetivo; muitos sistemas n?o foram abordados, mesmo contendo rela??es intr?nsecas com a tem?tica. A necessidade de troca de informa??es sigilosas instigou o surgimento da arte de codificar mensagens; a rede virtual e seus milh?es de usu?rios apontou a necessidade de um sistema utilizando chave p?blica e, ao mesmo tempo, seguro. O RSA veio para suprir as necessidades de uma sociedade que, cada vez mais, realiza suas transa??es banc?rias, comerciais e sociais via web. Uma quest?o que carece ser pensada diz respeito ? maneira como os conte?dos da chamada Teoria dos N?meros t?m sido apresentados e trabalhados na escola. Algo que ? tradicionalmente consagrado como enfadonho e sem sentido. A arte da criptografia traz consigo temas relevantes para se pensar nos conceitos matem?ticos, propiciando um ensino por Resolu??o de Problemas. Os caminhos percorridos, a partir da?, propiciam experi?ncias significativas para o sujeito, numa educa??o emancipat?ria, como propuseram Adorno e Ranci?re. As atividades sugeridas a partir de diferentes sistemas de codifica??o pretendem instigar os educandos e os educadores a repensar as diferentes possibilidades de um problema, suscitando a sensibilidade do pensar e de buscar maneiras para resolver e n?o repetir os mecanismos de um algoritmo matem?tico, para que o ato educativo perpasse as circunst?ncias complexas que se apresentam na atualidade.

Ce mémoire a pour objectif de bonifier les connaissances quant à la prévision de la prime de risque du marché des actions au Canada. La méthodologie présentée s’appuie sur l’hypothèse que les variables, permettant de prévoir la prime de risque, caractérisent la conjoncture économique et sont définies comme des variables d’état dans le modèle de Merton (1973). Les deux modèles de prévision utilisés peuvent être différenciés par leur caractère univarié et multivarié. Le second modèle fait usage de l’analyse en composantes principales afin de créer des facteurs capturant la majeure partie de la covariance des groupes de variables. On identifie trois groupes de variables spécifiques; ces groupes se distinguent par leur caractère macroéconomique, technique ou leur lien avec le sentiment du marché. Une innovation est présentée dans la création de cinq séries de données mensuelles afin de refléter le sentiment du marché des actions canadiennes. Une approche globale est employée dans le but de prévoir la prime de risque mensuelle du S&P/TSX, puis une approche segmentée répète le même processus pour dix secteurs d’activités. Pour chacune de ces deux approches, une série de tests hors échantillon, « out of sample » en anglais est étudiée. Le pouvoir de prévision de la prime de risque des groupes de variables est alors testé en contexte de récession et de période d’expansion. Finalement, le gain d’utilité des modèles est calculé à l’aide d’une simulation de l’allocation d’un portefeuille en fonction des prévisions préétablies. De façon globale, bien que plus d’indicateurs techniques soient statistiquement significatifs, les variables macroéconomiques semblent mieux performer dans la prévision de la prime de risque du Canada sur la période observée. Le ratio dividende-prix, le ratio de distribution des bénéfices et une prime de crédit semblent dominer les autres variables. L’utilisation d’indicateurs techniques est particulièrement intéressante lors de la prévision sectorielle, le momentum sur douze mois se distinguant de façon notable.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are effective anti-cancer agents, however their abilities to induce anti-tumor immunity are not yet optimal. Mutanome epitopes are a novel source of tumor antigen formed as a result of mutations within the tumor genome. Within this project we attempted to combine B16F10 mutanome vaccination with OV therapy. We confirmed previous findings that significant immune responses to these epitopes can be generated. Furthermore, we designed and cloned a multi-epitope mutanome construct into MG1 Maraba virus and E1-/E3- deleted type 5 Adenovirus to use for heterologous prime-boost vaccination. While we demonstrated that these viruses induced T-cell responses to one mutanome epitope, we failed to detect responses to the other epitopes. Furthermore there was no effect seen on overall survival. This approach warrants further investigation because coupling mutanome vaccination with OV therapy has the potential to exploit the therapeutic effects of the OV while inducing anti-tumor immunity to tumor-unique antigens.

Vzajemne hospodarske vztahy Ceske republiky s Nemeckem jsou hodnoceny na zaklade analyzy objemove, teritorialni a zbozove struktury zahranicniho obchodu techto dvou zemi. Analyza je provedena take s ohledem na jednotlive spolkove zeme Nemecka a na jednotlive kraje Ceske republiky. Podstatna cast diplomove prace je venovana take analyze vzajemnych primych investic a vsem aspektum, ktere vyvoj PZI ovlivnuji.

Nickel based superalloys have superior high temperature mechanical strength, corrosion and creep resistance in harsh environments and found applications in the hot sections as turbine blades and turbine discs in jet engines and gas generator turbines in the aerospace and energy industries. The efficiency of these turbine engines depends on the turbine inlet temperature, which is determined by the high temperature strength and behavior of these superalloys. The microstructure of nickel based superalloys usually contains coherently precipitated gamma prime (?) Ni3Al phase within the random solid solution of the gamma () matrix, with the ? phase being the strengthening phase of the superalloys. How the alloying elements partition into the and ? phases and especially in the site occupancy behaviors in the strengthening ? phases play a critical role in their high temperature mechanical behaviors. The goal of this dissertation is to study the site substitution behavior of the major alloying elements including Cr, Co and Ti through first principles based calculations. Site substitution energies have been calculated using the anti-site formation, the standard defect formation formalism, and the vacancy formation based formalism. Elements such as Cr and Ti were found to show strong preference for Al sublattice, whereas Co was found to have a compositionally dependent site preference. In addition, the interaction energies between Cr-Cr, Co-Co, Ti-Ti and Cr-Co atoms have also been determined. Along with the charge transfer, chemical bonding and alloy chemistry associated with the substitutions has been investigated by examining the charge density distributions and electronic density of states to explain the chemical nature of the site substitution. Results show that Cr and Co atoms prefer to be close by on either Al sublattice or on a Ni-Al mixed lattice, suggesting a potential tendency of Cr and Co segregation in the ? phase.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the connection between the Riemannhypothesis and the distribution of prime numbers. We first derive theanalytic continuation of the zeta function and prove some of its propertiesusing a functional equation. Results from complex analysis such asJensen’s formula and Hadamard factorization are introduced to facilitatea deeper investigation of the zeros of the zeta function. Subsequently, therelation between these zeros and the asymptotic distribution of primesis rendered explicit: they determine the error term when the prime-counting function π(x) is approximated by the logarithmic integral li(x).We show that this absolute error is O(x exp(−c√log x) ) and that the Riemannhypothesis implies the significantly improved upper bound O(√x log x).

CRISPR/Cas has been developed for targeted mutagenesis in diverse species, including plants. However, precise genome editing via homology-directed repair (HDR) is inefficient in plants, limiting our ability to make large deletions or insertions in the plant genomes. Prime editing increases the control over the desired editing and allows the precise introduction of all types of mutations, including insertion, deletions, and all possible base conversions, albeit at low efficiencies. Here, we designed a dual prime editing system to generate large deletions and precise insertions of sequences by repairing template complementarity. We coupled dual pegRNA with Cas9 nickase (nCas9) to generate deletions and insertions. In another modality, we used dual pegRNA with wild-type Cas9 to generate double-stranded breaks to improve the editing at the targeted sites. We tested dual pegRNAs to delete the last exon in OsCCD7, delete the microRNA targeted sequence in OsIPA, and insert the T7 promoter in the 3'UTR of OsALS. Our results showed a high frequency of targeted insertion of the T7 promoter sequence in the 3'UTR of OsALS with wtCas9 and nCas9. Sanger sequencing analysis showed partial deletions at the targeted locus. Further improvements in the designs of pegRNAs will increase the precise genome insertions and deletions in plants.

In Part I of the thesis an account is given of the basic algebra of extension fields which is required for the understanding of Galois theory. The fundamental theorem states the relationships of the subgroups of a permutation group of the root field of an equation to the subfields which are left invariant by these subgroups. Extensions of the basic theorem conclude Part I. In part II the solvability of equations by radicals is discussed, for fields of characteristic zero. A discussion of finite fields and primitive roots leads to a criterion for the solvability by radicals of equations over fields of prime characteristic. Finally, a method for determining the Galois group of any equation is discussed. Most of the material in the introductory chapters is taken from Artin's: Galois Theory (cf. p. 120). / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The innovative flash-sintering technique has been considered to investigate the effect of DC electric field on sintering and electrical conductivity of two oxide ceramics MnCo2O4 and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2 Fe0.8O3 (LSCF). These oxides are renowned for their high electrical conductivity and oxygen reduction properties, and therefore find application in solid oxide fuel cell as interconnect coating and cathode respectively. Flash-sintering of LSCF composite with 10 mol% Gd doped ceria (GDC), which is considered more promising than pure LSCF for cathodic application, is also reported. In flash-sintering-effect, when an adequately high DC electric field is applied on a green specimen, which is subjected to heating at a constant rate, the field drives rapid increase in the conductivity at a suitable furnace temperature. This event drives sintering, and the rate of shrinkage is so rapid that the material, generally, sinters in a couple of seconds without requiring elevated temperature. The aim of the present work is to better understand such electric field effect on sintering as it may affect the material properties (microstructure, conductivity etc.). Till now, the technique has been mostly reported for weakly conducting or insulating materials. The present work deals with the conducting-edge materials to point out the versatility of flash-sintering technique. The present work demonstrates the flash-sintering of conductive oxides, MnCo2O4 and LSCF. These oxides are sintered under electric field ranging from 7.5 to 12.5 V/cm at furnace temperatures 100-200°C, which are 1000°C lower than traditional heat treatments. LSCF, being highly conductive, surprisingly sinters at 25°C under 12.5 V/cm. On the other hand, the composite phases (LSCF/GDC: 60/40, 50/50 and 40/60 weight ratios) flash sinters at higher temperatures and electric fields which is systematic with GDC additions. The role of electric field and temperature in sintering is realized from specimen temperature which helps to understand the observed outstanding event. The flash-sintering occurs at conventional sintering temperatures and therefore, enhanced sintering at a particular temperature at this stage is expected to result from increased defect concentrations. Rapid increase in the conductivity possibly provides diffusion-able sites at rapid rate and the high sintering rate can be explained to occur using these sites. At drastic conductivity increase, the thermal effect is so dominant that ions diffuse for sintering more with the support of local temperature and less by the electric field. The extent of sintering is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. The microstructural analysis carried on flash-sintered samples suggests that the surface morphology and grain growth homogeneity resemble that of traditionally-sintered samples. With the proper choice of processing parameters (electric field and current density), dense and pore-free microstructure for MnCo2O4 coating and porous microstructure of LSCF for cathodic application are obtained in very short sintering time. From the case of composites, current is clearly pointed to be a determining parameter in controlling the density. An enhanced electric field effect is recorded on the microstructure of MnCo2O4 starting at 1100°C. No such temperature discrimination is observed for LSCF, the sintering effects being regular with the temperature. From XRD analysis, MnCo2O4 undergoes to a significant phase reduction for the specimen temperature in excess of 1100°C. The LSCF and its composite phase’ are stable and compatible with GDC10 against flash-sintering. These observations are in agreement with conventional sintering. The flash-effect is investigated by analyzing electrical conductivity property of dense specimen. Consistent changes in current-voltage characteristics with temperature suggest that the electric field controls the conductivity in the same way as temperature does. At sufficient temperature, the electric field enhances the conductivity by increasing thermal excitation of charge carrier. At low temperature, the field enhances the conductivity by direct energy transfer; these temperature and field has a fundamental role in flash-sintering. On the basis of conductivity analysis, flash-sintering is proposed to be accelerated by utilizing defect complexes formed during the “polaron-hopping” which is the usual conduction mechanism of these materials, MnCo2O4 and LSCF. On the basis of correlation between the microstructure and phase stability, a constraint about the utilization of defect complex is realized. Sintering is enhanced when there is stabilization of reduction reaction in hopping process. This condition assures the availability of defect complexes for sintering; under equal probability of hopping transitions, the reduction is more under the tendency of oxidation. It was realized in the sintering of MnCo2O4 is enhanced over conventional for temperatures higher than 1080°C which corresponds to the reduction temperature. Such implication was verified on LSCF where sintering is found to be enhanced for all the considered temperatures as it undergoes reduction as sintering starts. Therefore, sintering is proposed to occur by the movement of reduced transition metal cations during usual hopping mechanism. Sintering at unusually low temperatures, in very short times and involving quite usual ionic transitions shows its potentials for ceramics manufacturing especially in multilayer production and temperature sensitive application.