This paper aims implementation of selected knowledge, e.g. the principle of charity, which were developed in the framework of analytical philosophy of language (Davidson, Quine) making methodology cultural anthropology, based on interpretative approaches examining social actors / players examination. The first part will be devoted to explanation of thought experiments, e.g. Radical translation, radical interpretation) within the discussion of analytic philosophy of language (Quine, Davidson). The second part will focus on the transfer of this knowledge to make the methodology of cultural anthropology. In the next section we will highlight a breach of the principle of charity. We will focus on critical reflection theories that have been developed in the field of linguistic anthropology, specifically linguistic relativism (Sapir, Whorf). The last part is devoted to the problem rationality which is discussed in the context of Evans Pritchard research of African Azande. These examples point out the methodological errors with anthropologists field research committed to the negative consequences to which it wrong methodological approach led. Keywords: principle of charity, ethnographic research, radical interpretation, translation, Understanding, relativism, rationality

Title: A new method for the solution of the Schrödinger equation Author: Jakub Kocák Department: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Filip Uhlík, Ph.D. Abstract: In this thesis we study method for the solution of time-independent Schrö- dinger equation for ground state. The wave function, interpreted as probability density, is represented by samples. In each iteration we applied approximant of imaginary time propagator. Acting of the operator is implemented by Monte Carlo simulation. Part of the thesis is dedicated to methods of energy calculation from samples of wave function: method based on estimation of value of wave function, method of convolution with heat kernel, method of averaged energy weighed by wave function and exponential de- cay method. The method for the solution was used to find ground state and energy for 6-dimensional harmonic oscillator, anharmonic 3-dimensional octic oscillator and hydrogen atom. Keywords: imaginary time propagation, Monte Carlo method, variational principle, ground state 1

The goal is to describe the evolution of welfare economics from its beginnings to the present, to draw attention to the pitfalls of the various views and orientations, to evaluate the applicability of new welfare economics in terms of real economy and the example of the Republic or other countries (or EU) to indicate the possibilities of welfare economics or its part in practice, including positive and negative impacts on the economy and society. In the first part, which is part of the theoretical problems described welfare economics, and is also outlined the development of welfare economics. In the second part of the problem is applied to housing issues. Outlined here are the current problems associated with this phenomenon. The problem is under consideration from the perspective of welfare economics and its possible applications.

The thesis discusses very actual issues concerning the management of the 3E principle in decisions related to the public funds expenditure decisions, especially in context of EU funding, and expands on the problems and deficiencies in the actual system of publicly funded procurement and related control. In the theoretical part, the thesis provides an insight into the basic terms and the relevant theoretical, legislative and methodological framework. The practical part then analyzes and assesses the conclusions of a review of 33 publicly funded projects financed both from EU funds and/or the national budget, in a cumulated value of 11.3 billion CZK. Further on, the thesis detects fraudulent schemes occurring repeatedly in the mentioned population of reviewed projects which are then categorized by the author. In the thesis's conclusion the author defines public funding fraud detection methods and delimits several proposals and recommendations on how to amend the identified deficiencies, both on the system and organizational levels.

This thesis addresses asylum policy from an ethical perspective. The research question is whether the asylum policy of the EU and Czech Republic needs to be as restrictive as it is at the moment. The thesis examines several theoretical approaches to asylum policy, with emphasis in ethical issues. From this perspective, the humanitarian principle is drawn and subsequently applied to the current EU and Czech asylum policy. The hypothesis is that it is possible to adopt a more flexible and open asylum policy in the EU and Czech Republic, with very limited impact on the national and supranational expenditures. The core part of the thesis presents a critical evaluation of EU and Czech asylum policy. The aim of the thesis is to elaborate specific practical recommendations for the future development of the EU and Czech asylum policy.

This thesis deals with the issue of transfer pricing, current legislation and methods with emphasis on the creation of transfer pricing documentation. The importance of documentation is mainly to show that prices in transactions between related parties do not differ from the prices agreed between independent parties. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The first chapter of this part deals with the definition of the concept of transfer pricing. The second chapter describes the current legislation of transfer pricing, both from the perspective of international regulation, but also in terms of the requirements in the Czech Republic. The following chapters are dedicated to the definition of arm's length principle and methods that can be used in the creation of transfer pricing. The following describes the meaning and way of creating transfer pricing documentation. The practical part deals with creating transfer pricing documentation with application to a particular company in order to verify compliance with the arm's length principle.

This paper tries to answer the question related to the implementation of one of Europe's most influential EU-directives, the Water Framework Directive. The Directive requires Member States to achieve good ecological potential and good surface water chemical status for bodies of water until year 2015. If the states cannot achieve those objectives within this period, then there may be grounds for exemptions from the requirement to prevent further deterioration of to achieve good status under specific conditions. One of those conditions could be that, the completing the improvements within the timescale would be disproportionately expensive. Question which is examined in this paper is, what criteria would be most appropriate for determining the disproportionate costs. Based on the review of most WFD-related studies and EU legislation are selected criteria, which should be used for the assessment of the disproportionate costs.

The Master’s thesis is concerned with establishing the transfer price of royalties. The thesis is divided into four parts. The theoretical part contains definitions of key words using international and domestic law. The analytical part includes a description of methods recommended by OECD and their use for royalties transactions. The practical part describes a methodical procedure for establishing the transfer price of royalties, which is then used in the next part for a model example.

Tato práce se zabývá mikroskopickými technikami využívajícími elektronový a iontový svazek pro přípravu a charakterizaci plazmonických nanostruktur. Analytická elektronová mikroskopie je představena se zaměřením na aplikace v oblasti plazmoniky. Důraz je kladen na spektroskopii energiových ztrát elektronů (EELS) a katodoluminiscenci. Dále je diskutována výroba plazmonických vzorků pro transmisní elektronovou mikroskopii, přičemž je kladen důraz na litografii iontovým svazkem a na přípravu vzorků za použití chemicky syntetizovaných částic ve vodném roztoku. Hlavní výzkumné výsledky práce jsou rozděleny do čtyř částí. První část se věnuje komparativní studii plazmonických antén vyrobených elektronovou a iontovou litografií. Přestože obě techniky jsou vhodné pro výrobu plazmonických antén, elektronová litografie by měla být upřednostňována před iontovou litografií díky lepší kvalitě výsledných antén a jejich silnější plazmonické odezvě. Antény vyrobené iontovou litografií mají neostré okraje, vykazují výrazné kolísání tloušťky a jsou také silně kontaminovány nejen organickými kontaminanty, ale také rezidui po iontové litografii včetně implantovaných iontů z iontového svazku a atomů titanové adhezivní vrstvy. Ve druhé části je zkoumán Babinetův princip komplementarity pro plazmonické nanostruktury na sérii zlatých diskových antén a komplementárních apertur ve zlaté vrstvě s různými průměry. Komplementarita je potvrzena pro základní plazmonické vlastnosti jako rezonanční energie, ale rozdíly způsobené omezenou platností Babinetova principu jsou patrné například pro prostorové rozložení blízkého pole plazmonových polaritonů. Třetí část shrnuje studii nanostruktur s funkčními vlastnostmi souvisejícími s lokálním zesílením elektrického a magnetického pole. Obzvlášť silné lokální zesílení pole vykazují plazmonické antény tvaru bowtie a diabolo, a to jak ve formě částic, tak ve formě apertur. Naše studie umožnila identifikovat několik módů lokalizovaných povrchových plazmonů v těchto anténách a charakterizovat jejich vlastnosti včetně energie módu, rozložení elektrické a magnetické složky blízkého pole módu, a kvalitativní rozložení uzlů náboje a proudu souvisejících oscilací elektronového plynu. Dále jsme studovali laditelnost energií módů v blízké infračervené a viditelné spektrální oblasti a zaměřili jsme se na Babinetovskou komplementaritu mezi přímými a invertovanými anténami. Poslední část je zaměřena na stříbrný amalgám, nový a velmi perspektivní plazmonický materiál. Změnou velikosti stříbrných amalgámových nanostruktur může být jejich plazmonová rezonance laděna od oblasti ultrafialového záření přes celou viditelnou až po infračervenou oblast. Jelikož stříbrný amalgám je dobře prozkoumán v oblasti elektrochemie, stříbrné amalgámové nanočástice otevírají možnost kombinovat plazmoniku a elektrochemii dohromady.

The master thesis deals with the issue of transfer price of a controlled transaction between associated enterprises. Part of the master thesis is definition of basic theoretical concepts associated with the issue of transfer pricing with a focus on domestic, international, and European Union law. The master thesis deals with the analysis of case law, whose subject matter is transfer pricing. The theoretical starting points of the thesis are applied to a practical example, which deals with the issue of determining the transfer price for specific controlled transaction between associated enterprises.