Kommunikasie- en inligtingsoordragfoute is algemeen in situasies waar verskeie persone betrokke is, waar die kommunikasiepatrone kompleks is en baie druk ervaar word. Werk in 'n teaterkompleks skep só 'n situasie. Foute in die mediese veld kan lei tot 'n pasiënt se dood of tot beserings. Die meeste medies-geregtelike insidente kan voorkom word. Deur dus inligtingsoordragfoute in 'n teaterkompleks te verminder, kan medies-geregtelike insidente voorkom word. Rekenaargebaseerde inligtingstelsels kan 'n oplossing wees vir die voorkoming van hierdie probleem. Die probleem is egter dat dit tans nie suksesvol geïmplementeer word nie. Die rede daarvoor is dat die gebruikers voel dat die stelsel nie aan hulle spesifieke behoeftes voldoen nie en dat die werking daarvan nie by hulle bestaande werksisteem inpas nie. Die verandering is te groot. Die oplossing vir 'n suksesvolle implementering van 'n rekenaargebaseerde inligtingstelsel is dus om 'n grondige behoeftebepaling te doen. Dit stem ooreen met die eerste fase van 'n sagteware-ontwikkelingsprojek. As deel van die behoefteanalise moet daar gekyk word hóé die inligting vloei. Dit sal 'n aanduiding wees van wat die beoogde stelsel moet kan doen en bydra daartoe dat bestaande sisteme nie omvergewerp word nie. Hierdie navorsingstudie dien dus om die inligtingsvloei binne 'n privaat hospitaal in Gauteng, Suid-Afrika, se teaterkompleks, vanuit 'n professionele verpleegkundige se perspektief, te ondersoek. Die afdelings wat direk gemoeid is met die teaterkompleks is ingesluit, maar nie so volledig ondersoek soos die teaterkompleks nie. Die studie is kwalitatief van aard. Dit is ondersoekend, beskrywend en kontekstueel. Binne die kwalitatiewe aard van die studie is 'n gevallestudiebenadering gevolg. Ondersoek is ingestel na die aard van inligtingsvloei binne die teaterkompleks en dit is beskryf en grafies voorgestel met behulp van 'n reeks diagramme. Hierdie diagramme sal aan 'n sagteware-ingenieur voorgelê word vir gebruik tydens die stelselontwerp. Die konteks van die studie is, soos gesê, 'n teaterkompleks binne 'n privaat hospitaal in Gauteng, Suid-Afrika. Die eenheid van analise van die gevallestudie is 'n pasiënt wat vir 'n noodlaparotomie teater toe gegaan het. Hierdie geval is gekies weens die kompleksiteit van die inligtingsoordrag wat daarby betrokke is. Die studie is in vyf opeenvolgende fases gedoen. Fase 1 is die seleksie en beskrywing van die geval. In Fase 2 is 'n pasiëntlêer deur middel van 'n ewekansige steekproef gekies en die dokumente is geanaliseer. Die produk van hierdie analise was 'n voorlopige stel diagramme wat die inligtingsvloei voorstel wat in Fase 3 gebruik is om deur rolspelers van die teaterkompleks geëvalueer te word. Die deelnemers van Fase 3 is nie-waarskynlik en doelgerig gekies. Data-insameling het vier vrae behels. Die data is geanaliseer deur van die ses stappe van tematiese analise gebruik te maak. Die produk van Fase 3 is gebruik om Fase 4 te voltooi. Fase 4 is die diagrammatiese voorstelling van die inligtingsvloei na afloop van die deelname deur lede van die multidissiplinêre span. Fase 5 is die integrasie van al die resultate en die gevallestudie. Hierdie integrasie is tematies hanteer. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Kommunikasie- en inligtingsoordragfoute is algemeen in situasies waar verskeie persone betrokke is, waar die kommunikasiepatrone kompleks is en baie druk ervaar word. Werk in 'n teaterkompleks skep só 'n situasie. Foute in die mediese veld kan lei tot 'n pasiënt se dood of tot beserings. Die meeste medies-geregtelike insidente kan voorkom word. Deur dus inligtingsoordragfoute in 'n teaterkompleks te verminder, kan medies-geregtelike insidente voorkom word. Rekenaargebaseerde inligtingstelsels kan 'n oplossing wees vir die voorkoming van hierdie probleem. Die probleem is egter dat dit tans nie suksesvol geïmplementeer word nie. Die rede daarvoor is dat die gebruikers voel dat die stelsel nie aan hulle spesifieke behoeftes voldoen nie en dat die werking daarvan nie by hulle bestaande werksisteem inpas nie. Die verandering is te groot. Die oplossing vir 'n suksesvolle implementering van 'n rekenaargebaseerde inligtingstelsel is dus om 'n grondige behoeftebepaling te doen. Dit stem ooreen met die eerste fase van 'n sagteware-ontwikkelingsprojek. As deel van die behoefteanalise moet daar gekyk word hóé die inligting vloei. Dit sal 'n aanduiding wees van wat die beoogde stelsel moet kan doen en bydra daartoe dat bestaande sisteme nie omvergewerp word nie. Hierdie navorsingstudie dien dus om die inligtingsvloei binne 'n privaat hospitaal in Gauteng, Suid-Afrika, se teaterkompleks, vanuit 'n professionele verpleegkundige se perspektief, te ondersoek. Die afdelings wat direk gemoeid is met die teaterkompleks is ingesluit, maar nie so volledig ondersoek soos die teaterkompleks nie. Die studie is kwalitatief van aard. Dit is ondersoekend, beskrywend en kontekstueel. Binne die kwalitatiewe aard van die studie is 'n gevallestudiebenadering gevolg. Ondersoek is ingestel na die aard van inligtingsvloei binne die teaterkompleks en dit is beskryf en grafies voorgestel met behulp van 'n reeks diagramme. Hierdie diagramme sal aan 'n sagteware-ingenieur voorgelê word vir gebruik tydens die stelselontwerp. Die konteks van die studie is, soos gesê, 'n teaterkompleks binne 'n privaat hospitaal in Gauteng, Suid-Afrika. Die eenheid van analise van die gevallestudie is 'n pasiënt wat vir 'n noodlaparotomie teater toe gegaan het. Hierdie geval is gekies weens die kompleksiteit van die inligtingsoordrag wat daarby betrokke is. Die studie is in vyf opeenvolgende fases gedoen. Fase 1 is die seleksie en beskrywing van die geval. In Fase 2 is 'n pasiëntlêer deur middel van 'n ewekansige steekproef gekies en die dokumente is geanaliseer. Die produk van hierdie analise was 'n voorlopige stel diagramme wat die inligtingsvloei voorstel wat in Fase 3 gebruik is om deur rolspelers van die teaterkompleks geëvalueer te word. Die deelnemers van Fase 3 is nie-waarskynlik en doelgerig gekies. Data-insameling het vier vrae behels. Die data is geanaliseer deur van die ses stappe van tematiese analise gebruik te maak. Die produk van Fase 3 is gebruik om Fase 4 te voltooi. Fase 4 is die diagrammatiese voorstelling van die inligtingsvloei na afloop van die deelname deur lede van die multidissiplinêre span. Fase 5 is die integrasie van al die resultate en die gevallestudie. Hierdie integrasie is tematies hanteer. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Jurisprudence / Unrestricted

The high levels of crime in South Africa are a popular topic of conversation amongst South Africans. As a result of the high levels of crime in South Africa, many South Africans employ private security companies in order to protect themselves and their property. The opinion exists that these private security costs should be allowed as a deduction against their taxable income. The study investigates certain factors that may influence crime, the private security industry and these companies’ perception on the duties of the South African Police Service. In order to determine private security companies’ perception on the duties of the South African Police Service, a questionnaire was conducted. The results reflected not only that private security companies are more effective and proactive in the prevention of crime, but also that they have a faster reaction time to emergency calls than the South African Police Service. This can lead one to argue that it has become a necessity to incur private security costs in South Africa. It also discusses current South African tax legislation in comparison with international trends. The study concludes whether the deduction of private security costs for the individual against taxable income is allowed in South Africa. AFRIKAANS : Die hoë vlakke van misdaad in Suid-Afrika is ‘n gewilde onderwerp van bespreking onder Suid-Afrikaners. As gevolg van die hoë vlakke van misdaad in Suid-Afrika stel baie Suid- Afrikaners privaat sekuriteitsmaatskappye aan om hulself en hul eiendom te beskerm. Menige Suid-Afrikaners is van mening dat hierdie privaat sekuriteitsuitgawes as ‘n aftrekking teen hul belasbare inkomste toegelaat moet word. Die studie ondersoek sekere faktore wat misdaad kan beinvloed, die privaat sekuriteitsmaatskappy industrie en hierdie maatskappye se opinie van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens se verantwoordelikhede. ‘n Vraelys is gebruik om privaat sekuriteitsmaatskappye se opinie rakende die verantwoordelikhede van die Suid-Afrikaansie Polisiediens te bepaal. Die resultate dui daarop dat privaat sekuriteitsmaatskappye nie net meer effektief en proaktief is in die voorkoming van misdaad as die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens nie, maar ook dat hulle ‘n vinniger reaksietyd het na ‘n noodoproep ontvang is. Dit kan tot aannames lei dat dit ‘n noodsaaklikheid geword het om privaat sekuriteitsonkostes in Suid-Afrika aan te gaan. Die studie stel ook ondersoek in na huidige Suid-Afrikaanse belastingwetgewing in vergelyking met die internasionale werkswyse en sluit af met die antwoord op die vraag of privaat sekuriteitsuitgawes belastingaftrekbaar is vir Suid-Afrikaanse individue. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Taxation / unrestricted

Cancer is a potentially life-threatening disease, which affects millions of people worldwide. It is multifaceted in nature and can lead to impairment in a person‟s physical, social and emotional functioning (Beatty, Oxlad, Koczwara, & Wade, 2008). Multidimensional treatment, with highly specialised professionals, equipment and services is thus needed for the effective treatment thereof (Mathews, West, & Buehler, 2009). Patients treated within the private and public healthcare sectors of South Africa have vastly differing treatment experiences. Only about 20% of the South African population has access to and can afford treatment within the private healthcare sector (Somdyala, Bradshaw, Gelderblom, & Parkin, 2010). While private sector patients have access to information, social workers and support groups, those in the public sector face life-threatening waiting times and a lack of empathy by public sector staff, weighed down by patient numbers and a lack of resources (Pillay 2002; Bateman, 2011). A study previously conducted by the researchers highlighted cancer patients‟ perceptions and experiences of treatment as being one of the most prominent themes influencing patients‟ overall cancer experience (Venter, Venter, Botha, & Strydom, 2008). This, coupled with the fact that the majority of research studies previously conducted in South Africa generally focused on the biomedical aspects of cancer (Albrecht, 2009), make exploring patients and healthcare professionals‟ perceptions and experiences of cancer treatment in a South African context potentially valuable. The thesis consists of three sub-studies reported in three manuscripts. The aim of the first article was to provide a narrative literature review exploring cancer survivorship and management in the South African context by scrutinising research previously conducted on cancer treatment. The aim of the second and the third article was to explore patients and healthcare professionals‟ perceptions and experiences of cancer treatment in the private and public healthcare sectors in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A 100 participants were purposively sampled from a government-funded hospital (n = 30 patients; n = 22 healthcare professionals) and a private treatment facility (n = 30 patients; 18 healthcare professionals). Data was collected by making use of both qualitative (self-report questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions; interviews) and quantitative (Needs Evaluation Questionnaire) measures. A qualitative content and statistical analysis was conducted. Findings indicate that despite the expressed need for treatment to move towards a more biopsychosocial approach, the majority of the healthcare professionals in the current study are still primarily following a biomedical approach. Findings also indicate that the majority of the difficulties and frustrations experienced could be seen as being contextual problems and were not necessarily related to cancer treatment per se. Poor availability of resources and the South African population‟s diverse characteristics were responsible for the majority of the difficulties reported. Differing cultural beliefs, language barriers, illiteracy and unemployment were al seen as negatively influencing the treatment process. This is consistent with Serin et al. (2004), who reported that there is a significant relationship between the systemic nature of medical issues and the social, material and psychological difficulties cancer patients‟ experience. The systemic nature of healthcare needs highlighted in the current study emphasises the necessity for cancer treatment in South Africa to employ a more biopsychosocial approach. True collaboration between healthcare professionals working towards a common goal should thus be considered as being the ideal. Considering the socioeconomic divide and resource discrepancy between the private and public healthcare sectors in South Africa, credence must be given to the allocation of resources in the public sector. If this incongruity is to be addressed, there would have to be cooperation at government level. Assistance with regard to the allocation of funds, as well as the meticulous monitoring of the distribution thereof, is needed. Funding should be used to increase human and technical resources, as well as for staff development. Equitable care for all cancer patients, regardless of their socioeconomic status, is the ideal. The following recommendations on how to improve overall cancer care, in both sectors, can also be made: existing treatment sites need to be updated and additional sites developed; continuous research needs to be conducted; funds need to be allocated towards the development of effective transport and translation services; cultural diversity should be taken into account when developing awareness campaigns and treatment plans; healthcare professionals need to adopt a holistic approach during which attention is given to communication, establishing rapport and patient participation; and lastly healthcare professionals should also be encouraged to pay attention to their own healthcare needs as well. / PhD (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Cancer is a potentially life-threatening disease, which affects millions of people worldwide. It is multifaceted in nature and can lead to impairment in a person‟s physical, social and emotional functioning (Beatty, Oxlad, Koczwara, & Wade, 2008). Multidimensional treatment, with highly specialised professionals, equipment and services is thus needed for the effective treatment thereof (Mathews, West, & Buehler, 2009). Patients treated within the private and public healthcare sectors of South Africa have vastly differing treatment experiences. Only about 20% of the South African population has access to and can afford treatment within the private healthcare sector (Somdyala, Bradshaw, Gelderblom, & Parkin, 2010). While private sector patients have access to information, social workers and support groups, those in the public sector face life-threatening waiting times and a lack of empathy by public sector staff, weighed down by patient numbers and a lack of resources (Pillay 2002; Bateman, 2011). A study previously conducted by the researchers highlighted cancer patients‟ perceptions and experiences of treatment as being one of the most prominent themes influencing patients‟ overall cancer experience (Venter, Venter, Botha, & Strydom, 2008). This, coupled with the fact that the majority of research studies previously conducted in South Africa generally focused on the biomedical aspects of cancer (Albrecht, 2009), make exploring patients and healthcare professionals‟ perceptions and experiences of cancer treatment in a South African context potentially valuable. The thesis consists of three sub-studies reported in three manuscripts. The aim of the first article was to provide a narrative literature review exploring cancer survivorship and management in the South African context by scrutinising research previously conducted on cancer treatment. The aim of the second and the third article was to explore patients and healthcare professionals‟ perceptions and experiences of cancer treatment in the private and public healthcare sectors in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A 100 participants were purposively sampled from a government-funded hospital (n = 30 patients; n = 22 healthcare professionals) and a private treatment facility (n = 30 patients; 18 healthcare professionals). Data was collected by making use of both qualitative (self-report questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions; interviews) and quantitative (Needs Evaluation Questionnaire) measures. A qualitative content and statistical analysis was conducted. Findings indicate that despite the expressed need for treatment to move towards a more biopsychosocial approach, the majority of the healthcare professionals in the current study are still primarily following a biomedical approach. Findings also indicate that the majority of the difficulties and frustrations experienced could be seen as being contextual problems and were not necessarily related to cancer treatment per se. Poor availability of resources and the South African population‟s diverse characteristics were responsible for the majority of the difficulties reported. Differing cultural beliefs, language barriers, illiteracy and unemployment were al seen as negatively influencing the treatment process. This is consistent with Serin et al. (2004), who reported that there is a significant relationship between the systemic nature of medical issues and the social, material and psychological difficulties cancer patients‟ experience. The systemic nature of healthcare needs highlighted in the current study emphasises the necessity for cancer treatment in South Africa to employ a more biopsychosocial approach. True collaboration between healthcare professionals working towards a common goal should thus be considered as being the ideal. Considering the socioeconomic divide and resource discrepancy between the private and public healthcare sectors in South Africa, credence must be given to the allocation of resources in the public sector. If this incongruity is to be addressed, there would have to be cooperation at government level. Assistance with regard to the allocation of funds, as well as the meticulous monitoring of the distribution thereof, is needed. Funding should be used to increase human and technical resources, as well as for staff development. Equitable care for all cancer patients, regardless of their socioeconomic status, is the ideal. The following recommendations on how to improve overall cancer care, in both sectors, can also be made: existing treatment sites need to be updated and additional sites developed; continuous research needs to be conducted; funds need to be allocated towards the development of effective transport and translation services; cultural diversity should be taken into account when developing awareness campaigns and treatment plans; healthcare professionals need to adopt a holistic approach during which attention is given to communication, establishing rapport and patient participation; and lastly healthcare professionals should also be encouraged to pay attention to their own healthcare needs as well. / PhD (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Many patients suffer from dermatological diseases throughout the world. Literature about this problem is emphasizing that it is getting worse. Factors such as poor hygiene, poverty and diseases such as HIV/AIDS, have increased the prevalence of dermatological diseases in developing countries such as Namibia. Understanding the different dermatological diseases and studying their prevalence will aid in ensuring patients better quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and medicinal treatment patterns of dermatological diseases in the private healthcare sector of Namibia, with special reference to Windhoek. The research methodology was divided into two sections, namely a literature analysis and an empirical study. The literature analysis has been done to ensure knowledge about dermatological conditions before the empirical study was started. The empirical study was divided into two phases and data were collected from the community pharmacy environment (Phase 1) and a dermatologist (Phase 2). A total number of 507 patients participated in this study. In the community pharmacy environment, data were gathered from dermatological prescriptions of general practitioners (Phase 1A) and from pharmacist-initiated therapy prescriptions (Phase 1B). The data collected from the dermatologist (Phase 2), were collected from patients files at the dermatologist‘s practise. Phase 1A indicated that urticaria (n=36) had the highest prevalence followed by eczema (n=28) and contact dermatitis (n=28). 49% of the patients that participated in this phase were seeking treatment for the same condition the second time. In Phase 1B, contact dermatitis (n=15) showed the highest prevalence with eczema (n=14) and urticaria (n=8) second and third respectively. 77% of the patients participating in this phase of the research study did not have a family history of the same dermatological diseases. Phase 2 indicated that the highest prevalence of dermatological diseases was acne vulgaris (n=30) and melasma (n=19). The treatment duration that occurred most often in this phase was 180 days. Over all, the data indicated that eczema was the dermatological disease with the highest incidence of 11.2% (n=57). Other diseases that played a significant part were acne vulgaris (10.5%), urticaria (9.0%), contact dermatitis (8.6%) and melasma (7.1%). Rare dermatological diseases such as Kaposi sarcoma showed relatively high prevalence (n=9). It was concluded that this could be due to the fact that the dermatologist consulted, had been the only dermatologist claiming directly from the government medical aid, and that most of the patients diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma during this research study were government employees. Many dermatological diseases were not specifically defined or diagnosed, but still treated with topical corticosteroids which may suggest that the term eczema is undefined and easily used by different healthcare practitioners for dry-skin related conditions. It is concluded in this research study that the three most prevalent dermatological diseases in the private healthcare sector of Namibia are eczema, acne vulgaris and urticaria. These conditions are not considered to be life-threatening, but they do have a significant effect on the quality of life of patients. / MPham (Pharmacy Practice), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Many patients suffer from dermatological diseases throughout the world. Literature about this problem is emphasizing that it is getting worse. Factors such as poor hygiene, poverty and diseases such as HIV/AIDS, have increased the prevalence of dermatological diseases in developing countries such as Namibia. Understanding the different dermatological diseases and studying their prevalence will aid in ensuring patients better quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and medicinal treatment patterns of dermatological diseases in the private healthcare sector of Namibia, with special reference to Windhoek. The research methodology was divided into two sections, namely a literature analysis and an empirical study. The literature analysis has been done to ensure knowledge about dermatological conditions before the empirical study was started. The empirical study was divided into two phases and data were collected from the community pharmacy environment (Phase 1) and a dermatologist (Phase 2). A total number of 507 patients participated in this study. In the community pharmacy environment, data were gathered from dermatological prescriptions of general practitioners (Phase 1A) and from pharmacist-initiated therapy prescriptions (Phase 1B). The data collected from the dermatologist (Phase 2), were collected from patients files at the dermatologist‘s practise. Phase 1A indicated that urticaria (n=36) had the highest prevalence followed by eczema (n=28) and contact dermatitis (n=28). 49% of the patients that participated in this phase were seeking treatment for the same condition the second time. In Phase 1B, contact dermatitis (n=15) showed the highest prevalence with eczema (n=14) and urticaria (n=8) second and third respectively. 77% of the patients participating in this phase of the research study did not have a family history of the same dermatological diseases. Phase 2 indicated that the highest prevalence of dermatological diseases was acne vulgaris (n=30) and melasma (n=19). The treatment duration that occurred most often in this phase was 180 days. Over all, the data indicated that eczema was the dermatological disease with the highest incidence of 11.2% (n=57). Other diseases that played a significant part were acne vulgaris (10.5%), urticaria (9.0%), contact dermatitis (8.6%) and melasma (7.1%). Rare dermatological diseases such as Kaposi sarcoma showed relatively high prevalence (n=9). It was concluded that this could be due to the fact that the dermatologist consulted, had been the only dermatologist claiming directly from the government medical aid, and that most of the patients diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma during this research study were government employees. Many dermatological diseases were not specifically defined or diagnosed, but still treated with topical corticosteroids which may suggest that the term eczema is undefined and easily used by different healthcare practitioners for dry-skin related conditions. It is concluded in this research study that the three most prevalent dermatological diseases in the private healthcare sector of Namibia are eczema, acne vulgaris and urticaria. These conditions are not considered to be life-threatening, but they do have a significant effect on the quality of life of patients. / MPham (Pharmacy Practice), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

When people hear the word "nurse," they often think of qualities such as compassion and patience. While these are essential characteristics, nurses must go even further when striving for professionalism. Nurses also need strong morals and ethics and the commitment to always act in the best interests of their patients. The term professionalism embraces a set of attitudes, skills and behaviours, attributes and values which are expected from those to whom society has extended the privilege of being considered a professional. The core values of professionalism include: honesty, integrity, altruism, respect, responsibility, accountability, compassion, empathy, dedication, self-improvement, competency of clinical skills and knowledge. Professional nursing practice is a commitment to compassion, caring and strong ethical values, continuous development of self and others, accountability and responsibility for insightful practice, demonstrating a spirit of collaboration and flexibility. Rapid changes in the nursing sector have recently occurred across all areas and settings, making for a chaotic and seldom unstable work environment. All of these changes have impacted the ability of ENA learners to maintain high levels of professionalism and collaboration. In particular, the researcher, as an educator within a private NEI responsible for teaching ENA learners, experienced a lack of professionalism amongst ENA learners during the course of their training, as well as after their enrolment with the South African Nursing Council (SANC). Currently, there seems to be a difference between the professionalism portrayed by ENA learners and that which is expected of them. The overall aim of this research is to enhance the professionalism of ENA learners in a private NEI in Potchefstroom, North West. The following objectives have been identified in order to reach this aim: * To explore and describe professionalism amongst ENA learners in a private NEI in Potchefstroom, North West, and * To formulate recommendations to advance professionalism amongst ENA learners in a private NEI in Potchefstroom, North West. This study was conducted by means of a case study approach as the selected topic focuses only on a private nursing education institution situated in Potchefstroom, North West. From the qualitative instrumental case study approach, a qualitative, explorative, contextual research design was followed. The population in the study was all the ENA learners of a private NEI in Potchefstroom, North West. A sample was selected through non-probable, purposive sampling according to inclusion criteria (n=25). Data collection was conducted by means of a ―World Café‖ method and a focus group. The data collected through the World Café method was recorded and transcribed and reconstructed by means of thematic analysis. The main theme that crystallised from data analysis was that ENA learners viewed professionalism as a set of behaviours that are displayed in their external environment. The behaviours are grouped into the following five subgroups, namely punctuality versus absenteeism, adhering to scheduling and duty hours, responsibility of observations and awareness, the role of dress code and the image of nursing and finally obedience to organisational rules and regulations and tolerance towards others. The World Café and focus group results were integrated with case records according to repetitive themes. From the results and conclusions, recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research to enhance professionalism amongst ENA learners in general. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The dualistic South African health system is divided into a private and public health care sector. The core difference between these two sectors is that private hospitals are based on a business model with a profit motive, while public hospitals offer a free service, accessible to all citizens of South Africa and is nurse-driven. The increased need towards higher quality health care is evident in the launching of the National Health Insurance system. The pilot of this system was activated in ten sub-districts in South Africa and will become the mechanism to enhance quality and safety of patient care in the private and public sectors. Registered nurses’ reporting of quality and safety of patient care is an important factor in quality-related research and has been linked with international studies on quality of care. As the registered nurses are directly involved in all the facets of patient care, this population serves as a valuable contribution in the assessment of quality care. In this research quality of care refers to quality, patient safety and adverse events. Quality of care refers to the extent to which actual care is in conformity with the present criteria for good care. Patient safety is a parameter used to monitor and enhance quality. Through enhanced patient safety, adverse events can be prevented. Adverse events refer to all the incidents that can affect a patient during hospitalisation that is not due to the patient’s illness, such as hospital acquired infections, medication safety and patient falls with injury. This research aimed to explore and describe the nurse reported differences in quality of care, patient safety and adverse events in the adult medical and surgical units of private and public hospitals in the Free State and North West Provinces. This study was conducted within the RN4CAST research programme, an international consortium of fifteen countries working together towards the formulation of nurse workforce forecasting models. A quantitative, correlational, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was followed. The population consisted of registered nurses employed for at least one year in the selected private and public hospitals in the two participating provinces. Private hospitals with more than 100 beds were included. The public hospitals had a level three status. An all-inclusive sampling was conducted (n=332) after participants gave informed consent. Data was collected through the completion of the National Nurse Survey that covered four sections of which quality of care, patient safety and adverse events was one. Field workers were utilised during data collection. Data capturing was conducted by means of EpiData 3.1. Secondary data analysis was utilised by means of SPSS 16.0. Descriptive statistics were extracted with regard to the demographic status of the participants. The descriptive statistics were congruent with the demographic profile of nursing in South Africa. The inferential statistics included the difference in quality of care, patient safety and adverse events between the private and public hospitals in the selected provinces. Both the t-test based on the quality of care and patient safety as well as the Mann-Whitney test on adverse events indicated an insignificant difference between nurse reported quality of care, patient safety and adverse events between the private and public hospitals. Reliability and validity were assured and recommendations were formulated for nursing education, practice and research. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013