Massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) are a popular type of online video game. While these games and their players have been studied previously, there is gap in the literature that examines the relationship between one’s motivation to play MMOGs and loneliness, depression, and problematic use. For this study, 440 players of World of Warcraft (WoW), a popular MMOG, completed a demographics questionnaire and four measures, including Williams, Yee, & Caplan’s (2008) motivation measure, Peter’s & Malesky’s (2008) World of Warcraft-specific Problematic Usage-Engagement Questionnaire, UCLA’s Loneliness scale, and The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Results from quantitative analyses suggest that MMO players who are motivated to play for reasons of achievement and immersion are more likely to experience problematic use than those persons who play for social motivations. Loneliness and depression were only positively related with immersion motivated players, and there exists a significant negative relationship between social motivation and depression. These results suggest that gamers who play WoW for immersive reasons are the most at-risk in comparison to their peers. Implications for counseling, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

O período da faculdade é relatado como fase de risco para uso problemático de álcool (UPA) e para transtorno mental comum (TMC). É importante avaliar a co-ocorrência entre UPA e TMC em estudantes de graduação considerando ser um tema pouco relatado na literatura. Este estudo transversal utilizou os instrumentos AUDIT e SRQ-20 para avaliação da prevalência de UPA e TMC e da co-ocorrência entre UPA e TMC em uma amostra de estudantes de graduação da área da saúde, com idade média de 22 anos e predominantemente feminina (65,6%). Também examinou a associação entre estas condições e a relação com a satisfação com aspectos da vida acadêmica. A prevalência de UPA foi de 23,5%, de TMC de 30,6% e de co-ocorrência de UPA e TMC de 7,3%. A média do escore total do AUDIT foi de 4,8 (DP=4,42) e do SRQ-20 de 4,0 (DP=4,0). Houve associação significante de TMC e de co-ocorrência entre UPA e TMC com a insatisfação com a carreira escolhida, insatisfação com o curso na faculdade e insatisfação com o desempenho como estudante. Não houve correlação entre UPA e TMC nesta amostra. A co-ocorrência entre UPA e TMC está presente em estudantes de graduação e as conseqüências são prejuízos para a saúde mental e insatisfação com as conquistas acadêmicas, o que, ocorrendo nesta fase importante da vida, poderá limitar o futuro destes adultos jovens. Os achados deste estudo referentes à ausência de associação entre UPA e TMC devem ser interpretados com cuidado quanto a sua generalização, considerando-se o caráter de estudo transversal de rastreamento em população de adultos jovens. / The study time at the university is reported as a risky phase for problematic use of alcohol (UPA) as well for common mental disorders (TMC). It is important to evaluate the topic of co-occurrence of UPA and TMC amongst university students considering that this topic has been scarcely mentioned in scientific papers. This cross-sectional study used the AUDIT and SRQ-20 screening instruments in order to assess the prevalence of UPA and TMC and the co-occurrence of UPA and TMC in a sample of university students of the health area, characterized by mean of age of 22 years and mostly female (65.6%). Also it examined the association between these conditions and their relationship with satisfaction regarding aspects of the academic life. The prevalence of UPA was of 23.5%, TMC of 30.6% and co-occurrence of UPA and TMC of 7.3%. The average total score of AUDIT was of 4.8 (SD=4.42) and the SRQ-20 of 4.0 (SD=4.0). Significant associations of TMC as well the co-occurrence between UPA and TMC have been found with: - dissatisfaction with the selected career, dissatisfaction with the academic program and dissatisfaction with the own performance as student. No correlation between UPA and TMC has been found in this sample. The co-occurrence of UPA and TMC is present amongst undergraduate students and its consequences are mental health problems and frustration with academic achievements which occurring in this important phase of life it can impair the future of these young people. The findings of this study shall be carefully interpreted concerning its generality, considering the type of the study being a cross-sectional screening study on a population of young adults.

Cette recherche avait pour objectif d’explorer les variables psychologiques impliquées dans l’Usage Problématique des Jeux Vidéo (UPJV) chez les adolescents, puis de façon secondaire les Réseaux Sociaux (RS) et le Téléphone Portable (TP). Ainsi, 1423 collégiens et lycéens d’Ile de France ont été inclus, dont 92,1% ont joué aux jeux vidéo au cours de l’année écoulée avec un sex ratio proche de 1. Les joueurs sont plus nombreux à avoir déjà consommé de l’alcool, présentent un score de symptomatologie dépressive plus faible, une « recherche de sensation » et une « émotionnalité » plus élevées que les non joueurs. Ceux avec un UPJV (17,7%) sont plus jeunes, ont joué plus précocement, jouent plus de temps, davantage sur ordinateur et dans une guilde. Ils possèdent de plus mauvais résultats scolaires, un usage excessif des Jeux d’Argent et Hasard (JAH) plus fréquent et commencent à boire plus jeunes. Leurs scores d’« urgence positive », de « manque de persévérance » sont plus élevés et celui d’« activité » plus faible. Le score à l’usage excessif des JAH est corrélé positivement au temps passé sur les jeux vidéo et au score d’UPJV. Ce dernier est corrélé positivement aux scores de symptomatologie anxio-dépressive, de « timidité » et d’impulsivité, puis négativement à ceux de satisfaction de vie, d’« activité » et de « sociabilité ». Les jeunes possédant un RS (85,9%) ou un TP (93,2%) sont plus souvent des filles et ont plus de risques liés à la consommation de substances. Malgré certaines limites de notre étude, nos résultats apportent des données nouvelles sur l’UPJV, les RS et le TP. / The aim of this research is to explore the psychological variables primarily involved in the Problematic Use of Video Games (PUVG) in adolescents and secondarily in Social Networks (SN) and Mobile Phones (MP). Thus, 1423 high school and college children from Ile de France region were recruited of which 92.1% had played video games in the past year with a sex ratio of 1. Players are more likely to have consumed alcohol, have lower scores on depressive symptoms, and higher "sensation seeking" and "emotionality" than non-players. Those with PUVG (17.7%) are younger, started playing earlier in life and play for more time, often on computers and in a guild. They have worse academic performances, gamble excessively and frequently and start drinking younger. Their scores on “positive urgency”, and “lack of perseverance” are higher while those on “activity” are lower. Scores on excessive gambling are positively correlated to time spent playing video games and PUVG. The latter, is positively correlated with scores on anxious-depressive symptomatology, “timidity” and impulsivity while it is negatively correlated with life satisfaction, “activity” and “sociability.” Youngsters on SN (85.9%) or MP (93.2%) are more often girls and are associated with substance use. Despite some limitations of our study, our results provide new data on PUVG, SN and MP.

O período da faculdade é relatado como fase de risco para uso problemático de álcool (UPA) e para transtorno mental comum (TMC). É importante avaliar a co-ocorrência entre UPA e TMC em estudantes de graduação considerando ser um tema pouco relatado na literatura. Este estudo transversal utilizou os instrumentos AUDIT e SRQ-20 para avaliação da prevalência de UPA e TMC e da co-ocorrência entre UPA e TMC em uma amostra de estudantes de graduação da área da saúde, com idade média de 22 anos e predominantemente feminina (65,6%). Também examinou a associação entre estas condições e a relação com a satisfação com aspectos da vida acadêmica. A prevalência de UPA foi de 23,5%, de TMC de 30,6% e de co-ocorrência de UPA e TMC de 7,3%. A média do escore total do AUDIT foi de 4,8 (DP=4,42) e do SRQ-20 de 4,0 (DP=4,0). Houve associação significante de TMC e de co-ocorrência entre UPA e TMC com a insatisfação com a carreira escolhida, insatisfação com o curso na faculdade e insatisfação com o desempenho como estudante. Não houve correlação entre UPA e TMC nesta amostra. A co-ocorrência entre UPA e TMC está presente em estudantes de graduação e as conseqüências são prejuízos para a saúde mental e insatisfação com as conquistas acadêmicas, o que, ocorrendo nesta fase importante da vida, poderá limitar o futuro destes adultos jovens. Os achados deste estudo referentes à ausência de associação entre UPA e TMC devem ser interpretados com cuidado quanto a sua generalização, considerando-se o caráter de estudo transversal de rastreamento em população de adultos jovens. / The study time at the university is reported as a risky phase for problematic use of alcohol (UPA) as well for common mental disorders (TMC). It is important to evaluate the topic of co-occurrence of UPA and TMC amongst university students considering that this topic has been scarcely mentioned in scientific papers. This cross-sectional study used the AUDIT and SRQ-20 screening instruments in order to assess the prevalence of UPA and TMC and the co-occurrence of UPA and TMC in a sample of university students of the health area, characterized by mean of age of 22 years and mostly female (65.6%). Also it examined the association between these conditions and their relationship with satisfaction regarding aspects of the academic life. The prevalence of UPA was of 23.5%, TMC of 30.6% and co-occurrence of UPA and TMC of 7.3%. The average total score of AUDIT was of 4.8 (SD=4.42) and the SRQ-20 of 4.0 (SD=4.0). Significant associations of TMC as well the co-occurrence between UPA and TMC have been found with: - dissatisfaction with the selected career, dissatisfaction with the academic program and dissatisfaction with the own performance as student. No correlation between UPA and TMC has been found in this sample. The co-occurrence of UPA and TMC is present amongst undergraduate students and its consequences are mental health problems and frustration with academic achievements which occurring in this important phase of life it can impair the future of these young people. The findings of this study shall be carefully interpreted concerning its generality, considering the type of the study being a cross-sectional screening study on a population of young adults.

This thesis aims to describe the addictive design of digital technologies together with its principles through the concept of the attention economy, problematic use of technology, the discipline of design, and mental processes behind the formation of the habit. Besides that, the goal is to map the Czech environment of user awareness of this type of design and its principles by a quantitative questionnaire survey.

The unemployment leads to a deprivation of basic needs. Seriousness of unemployment depends on the lenght of its duration. Long-term unemployment leads to the apathy and evokes a short-time thinking. One of the main targets of employment policy is reduction of a long - term unemployment. The method of questionary investigation was used to gather the information. There were two questionary forms, one of them for the employed and second one for the jobless informants. Both forms contained total of 16 questions. Questions in a form for the employed were aimed to a fear of a losing of the job and questions aimed to the spending of a leisure time. In questionary forms for the jobless were questions aimed to a spending of a leisure time and questions aimed to their tendency to find a job. The experimental set of the employed was formed by the inhabitants of Budweis in South Bohemia. Rate of the returned questionary forms was 98%. The experimental set of the unemployed was formed from the jobless people registered in employment office in Budweis. Rate of the returned questionaries reached 87%. In my work I wanted to refer about problems of the unemployment with regard to human mentall condition. The aim of my work was to evaluate if the unemployment influenced human mentall condition. I predicted three hypotheses. Hypothesis No.1: Groups of person with problematic use on the employment market have a fear of losing the job, was confirmed. Hypothesis No.2: The empleyed people are using their leisure time for their perosnal growth than the people unemployed for more than 6 months, was confirmed. Hypothesis No.3: The people unemployed for a period more than 6 months have a smaller interest to find a job than the people unemployed for the period of 6 months and less, was confirmed also. The thesis treats the unemployment´s influence of a human mentall condition.This work has personally for me an impact of getting a theoretical knowledge about studied topic. The results point-out the fact that the unemployment influence a leisure-time activities. Duration of the unemployment influences an interest to find a job and competence to the risk group of the employed leads to the fear of losing a job and to the fear of searching for a new job. Benefit of my thesis might be useful for the education at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies