Abstract: Among public tax authorities, in addition to economic booming, the work performance of tax collector is the major point of deciding the variation of tax collection. Whether a tax collector shows his organizational citizenship behavior is the key resource of edge in public organizational competition. The effect on the members¡¦ metal sense and their own working attitudes enable the encouragement of these members¡¦ organizational citizenship behavior to render the first business of managers. Many studies discover that a tax collector acknowledges the organizational justice can influence both individual and organizational results, as well as the performance of the trust in their superiors and colleagues or organizational citizenship behavior. This research probes into related document, and construes a tax collector¡¦s mental sense with organizational justice to construct a theoretical model with the research ideas, such as trust and organizational citizenship behavior, taking Ministry of Finance, National Tax Bureau of Kaohsiung City as research subjects, furthermore to take organizational equity (including distributional equity, procedure equity) as self-variable item, trust (including trust to superior and colleagues) as intermediary variation, organizational citizenship behavior (including justice, helping colleagues, no producing quarrels or pursuit of fame, obey the rule and solid, identifying the organizations) as variable item to discuss the correlation and effect among individual tendency variation, organizational justice, trust and organizational citizenship behavior in order to offer references for public resource development, and further upgrade the service efficiency of public servants. This research has handed out 707 questionnaires with 415 effective copies, and through the statistical analysis, such as Independent test, One-way ANVOVA, Person Correlation Analysis, and Hierarchical Multiple Regression , we get the significant discoveries as follows: 1. It presents a direct relation and influence on each dimension of organizational equity, trust and organizational civil behavior. 2. Public servant¡¦s characteristics, such as sex, marriage, age, seniority, and education degree and director levels, influence obviously distributional justice of organizational justice, procedural justice, trust and organizational civil behavior. 3. Through level multiple regression analysis, trust holds a media relation toward organizational justice and organizational civil behavior, that is, the organizational justice factor indeed influences organizational civil behavior through the intermediary of trust. Based on reality prove that when a public servant put more emphasis on a tax collector and reaches a status of fair distribution, a tax collector senses the trust toward public institute and furthermore perform organizational civil behavior. This research suggests to enhance the interaction between directors and employees, establish effective questioning authority system, value on just promotional and rewarding systems, advocate the achievement evaluation of interactive fair OCB (Organizational Civil Behavior), etc.

No / Since mid-2000 a number of important changes to policy, legislation, government guidance and practice directions have been introduced in child-protection practice. These changes have the intention of placing children and families at the heart of decision-making with regard to judgements about their future. Central to these changes is the commitment to reducing delay in the conduct and resolution of cases so that outcomes for children are optimised, and costs and resources are effectively managed. Proposed legislation to impose a six-month time limit for the completion of care cases emphasises the drive to frontload work with children and families pre-proceedings. This paper explores the issues surrounding the boundary of decision-making between the courts and the local authority following the publication of the Family justice review. It considers the implications of making a greater number of highly consequential decisions within administrative rather than judicial settings, and explores the rights of children and parents within such decision-making processes. Whilst the intention of policy changes may be laudable, it is argued, in line with Munro that a number of obstacles may result in less desirable outcomes for children.

Public policies in a pluralistic society should be able to clarify and cope with the complicated nature of public issues dominated by ¡§multiple parties, multiple values, and subjective judgment.¡¨ (Farkas & Anderson, 1974) Therefore, instead of merely concluding with the outcome, we should also take input into account when evaluating resource allocation or assessing policy effectiveness. In addition, since the public and the government differ in their judgment criteria and indicators, and multiple parties also have different understandings, the controversy of ¡§inequity¡¨ thus arises. In short, to conduct fairness measurement, we should focus on defining the parties as well as the input and outcome indicators. This research adopted the Public Affairs Management framework to analyze Cijin Seaside Park in Kaohsiung City and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf in New Taipei City. We have conducted a fairness measurement and cross-domain analysis to explore the equity perception in three aspects: economic equity, social fairness, and procedure justice. Moreover, we conducted a secondary data analysis, analyzed expert interviews, and generalized the carrier condition and factual judgment of the PAM framework. Furthermore, we explored the value judgment and interpersonal judgment in PAM framework with fairness measurement of the information integration theory. Our theory is based on the equity rule proposed by Anderson, which also emphasizes the individual and interpersonal comparison of individual input and outcome. Our results are demonstrated as follows: 1. In the individual value analysis of economic equity, both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf have over 10 local stores and tourists that fits one-factor rule of the tourist number factor. 2. In the individual value analysis of social fairness, Cijin Seaside Park has 10 local stores that support one-factor rule of the public support factor. However, Cijin Seaside Park has over eight tourists that fit the adding rule of public support factor and actual request factor, whereas Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf has over eight local stores and tourists that fit the same rule. 3. In individual value analysis of procedure justice, both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf have over 14 local stores and tourists that fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of policy support factor and administrative cooperation factor. 4. In interpersonal comparison of economic equity, the experimental result shows that the local stores and tourists in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the integration of their tourist number factors. Also, the local stores and tourists in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the integration of their revenue (consumption) factors. Moreover, the local stores and tourists in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf both fit the adding rule of their respective tourist number factor and revenue (consumption) factor. This result also supports the ¡§rule of inequity integration.¡¨ 5. In interpersonal comparison of social fairness, the local stores in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the public support factor. They also fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the actual request factor. As for the tourists, those in both two places fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the public support factor. Also, they fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the actual request factor. 6. In interpersonal comparison of procedure justice, the local stores in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of policy support factor. They also fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the administrative cooperation factor. As for the tourists, those in both Cijin Seaside Park and Tamshi Fishers¡¦ Wharf fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of policy support factor. Also, they fit the unequal-weight averaging rule of the administrative cooperation factor. We continued to conduct a cross-domain analysis to integrate the above research results, as well as the results of secondary data analysis and expert interviews. As a result, we thereby propose related suggestions and generalize the operation steps of fairness measurement.

Due to the great change of Taiwan social environment, values are seriously distorted. Many adolescents would gather together at holiday nights for dangerous driving on road (racing) which not only causes gridlock on road and interferes traffic seriously, what¡¦s worse is these youths even attack the public, police officers on duty and related competed agency with force. This behavior not only violates legal regulations but damages social security severely, threatens citizens¡¦ life, body and property safety. Since the role of police officer serves as the function of social security maintenance, to clamp down and hold back dangerous driving is one important segment for the exercise of police powers. The exercise method of police powers in Taiwan has been reformed greatly due to the change of political and economical situation. During Martial Law Period, to meet the demand, this nation conferred authority on police officers to great extension. The nature of duty enforcement also belonged to regulation, clampdown, and penalty with compulsive implementation upon enforcement. However, the delegation scope pursuant to law is unspecific and the requirement of enforcement is general, human right violation controversy is often occurred. Till Interpretation of Shih-Zih No. 535 made by Grand Justice of Judicial Yuan, police authority then faces the importance of administrative procedure and is able to step forward to a country of nomocracy. With the promotion from all circles, ¡§Act of Exercise of the Police Powers¡¨ of Taiwan was effected on Dec. 1, 2003, herein not only regulates specifically the definition, function of power limits and implementation method of police officer, it also stipulates the practical measures of civil rights adopted for police powers exercise in proclamation to demand police officers to be in compliance with principle of proportionality while exercising authority. It also bestows the legal basis on police powers exercising that can look after both the insurance of human right and the maintenance of police safety which really possesses groundbreaking meaning of a time. Only that whether the formulation of the said act in practical really indicates the dangerous driving prevention legal system of police officers has already achieved its perfection worth the further research and exploration by this study. Administrative law is deep and profound as well as extensive and infinite and hasn¡¦t formed a complete administration law till now. Only that with observation from the method and principle of administrative act, it can be divided into five main structures of Basic Principle, Organization Framework, Limit of Administrative Rights, Administrative Relief, and Administrative Surveillance. Any administrative legal system pursuits to achieve its perfection, it then shall be analyzed by the five main structures of administrative act. Therefore, the five main structures of administrative act serve as the center in this study to examine the dangerous driving prevention legal system of police officer and review the practice method of police authority and compare to current relative decrees and regulations, expecting police officers can work out the problems concerning to the requirements of power exercise and procedure and to be advantageous to the reinforcement of dangerous driving prevention. Under this pattern of thought, this study tries to examine all systems upon dangerous driving prevention and clampdown of Taiwan police officers from the angle of administrative act with the said five main structures of administrative act basic principles as the research method in this study. The main frameworks of this study are divided into seven chapters respectively: Chapter 1 Introduction To bring forth the dubious interpretation of current dangerous driving prevention reinforcement by police authority firstly to explain the research motive, purpose, research scope, limits, research method, framework, the determination of related terms, and so on. Chapter 2 The Basic Principle of Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer. To interpret the concept and definition of dangerous driving firstly and then bring forth the cruxes in reality and data analysis against the four aspects of society with actual phenomena, economy with most appropriate adjustment, politics of interrogation and legal system of decrees and regulations to make us understand the establishment background of dangerous driving prevention legal system of police officers. And further to compliment with Japan dangerous driving prevention system, the analysis of international aspect to adopt the successful experiences of dangerous driving prevention in foreign countries; and then explore the nomocracy of dangerous driving legal system of police officers from the angle of three principles of administrative act and seven principles of procedure justices to discuss the related legal basis and regulations concerning police power exercise; and finally explore the participation of relative parties of dangerous driving prevention legal system of police officers, expecting to assist police officers in the reinforcement of dangerous driving prevention with the participation of the public to make the dangerous driving prevention legal system more complete. Chapter 3 The Organization Framework of Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer To explore current central and local police administrative organization to deep understand the problems of organization framework, personnel system and fund budget of police authority, expecting to establish complete organization framework for the advantages of practical operation of dangerous driving prevention of police authority. Chapter 4 The Limit of Administrative Rights and Implementation of Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer Traditional clampdown with penalty and other administrative actions exempted from high power type are included. The types and meaning is to be explored against the regulation items of seven ¡§Administrative Procedure Law,¡¨ including Administrative Investigation, Administrative Plan, Administrative Legislation, Administrative Penalty, Administrative Contract, Administrative Instruction, and the insurance of Administrative Duty Reinforcement that is helpful for the clear-up of the requirements and procedures of police power exercise. Chapter 5 The Relief and Solutions to Problems Arising from Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer According to the different categories of agency receiving relief procedures, they can be divided into the administrative relief within and outside administrative system. Start from the relief system of compliant, declaration against different opinions and petition; and then discuss the administrative suit system outside administrative system; and then continue to compliment other relief ways of petition and pleading; and finally to explore national compensation, constitute interpretation and public vote one by one to cover all surveillance rights of people in details. Chapter 6 The Administrative Surveillance of Dangerous Driving Prevention Legal System of Police Officer Due to quality and quantity changes of modern country administration, the necessity of administrative control increases day by day. Complete administrative surveillance legal system consists in exploring the supervising system of inspect, supervise, political affairs and sales within police authority and outer supervising system of power, the public, opinion and social groups. With the supervising function of administrative surveillance to expect the work of dangerous driving prevention of police officer would meet the demand of nation, society and people in the respects of legal system and effects. Chapter 7 Conclusion and Suggestion To bring forth problems discovered after research and propose suggestions for improvements against dangerous driving prevention for the reference of police officers upon the reinforcement.