Thesis (master's)--Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [119]-126).

This study focused on the technical and institutional constraints faced by the vegetable co-operatives with regard to the impact on productivity. Vegetable co-operatives have no access to markets due to their poor performance on productivity and poor quality produce resulting to low prices for the produce such that they cannot compete in a market economy. In this study, the data was drawn from a sample of thirty vegetable co-operatives in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) of the Eastern Cape; obtained through focus group discussions and interviews from each cooperative. The objectives of the study are to measure the productivity of vegetable co-operatives using Total factor productivity analysis (TFP) and profitability of vegetable co-operative using Gross Margin (GM). Followed by the descriptive statistics in identifying and assessing the socio-economic characteristics as well as coping strategies adopted by vegetable co-operatives in BCMM where percentages, means and tables are used looking at the highest frequency. The results show that the vegetable co-operatives in the BCMM are not productive and profitable due to major constraints experienced by co-operatives such as lack of market, information, trainings and business skills, capital, infrastructural facilities, effective extension services that all leads to poor produce quality. Co-operative is said to be profitable and viable if total revenue is greater than the total variable cost which makes the gross margin positive. In this case, the total gross margin is negative. The results showed that the production costs, maintenance (tractor hire, generator hire and servicing) and electricity costs were the major costs incurred in the production of vegetable by the co-operatives.

This paper on Project learning within the education of cultivation work at primary school assesses educational project works, its brief history and types, as well as different point views on the matter. Not only does it deal with the problematic terminology, but also its introduction into the practical education. The three projects discussed are as follows: 1. What can be found on fields in autumn? 2. What is never abundant? 3. Weaving plants All of them have been brought into the practical use and can serve the teachers for inspiration. Understandably, the projects have been elaborated to suit the Project-based Education, combining more subjects and unifying them.

This thesis focuses on two goals. One of them are business contacts with suppliers, the second is inventory management in the enterprise. Suppliers are very important for any business partner, without which it couldn`t produce, but its conditions differs in business and technical matter. It doesn{\crq}t have to be based only on the deppartment diferences or company size. Companies surveyed in this study were both productive and similary sized. What made the difference was, the used material and production complexity. The company Sapeli has possibility of higher standard offer and therefore even compoundable evaluation especially thanks to easier accessability . The most important for the company is quality, price, delivery terms and payment options. Both companies have in common the first place given to quality above all. It has increasing importance today as world markets are saturated with poor quality products and large companies can gain greater market share mainly due to the quality.

120 day feeding experiment was executed on the Trebon fishponds in the area of feeding the market carp. The aim was to determine what way of cereals processing will have favorable effects in terms of production efficiency in the mechanical processed cereal by grinding and mashing in comparison with cereal without processing. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of natural food, technology feeding, feed distribution and appropriate processing to achieve high growth results in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The practical part includes the methodology and results of the production parameters of carp fed by triticale without processing, by grinding and mashing. The highest feed efficiency was observed in carps under supplementary by triticale mashed feeding with FCR 0.83; 1.21 kg of FCE and FCR / SGR; 1.05; the highest growth rate was achieved in carp under supplementary by grinded triticale (1,2 mm) feeding with SGR: 0.86 %.d-1.; worse results were observed in carp feeding by triticale without processing: FCR: 1.27; FCE: 0.79 kg; FCR / SGR: 1.61; SGR: 0.79 %.d-1.

Orientador: Maria Angela Fagnani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T22:57:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_EdimarPaulo_M.pdf: 10764091 bytes, checksum: d5565293183613d10b2f5e37b522d31d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Cresce significantemente o número de consumidores de produtos orgânicos, pela preocupação com os efeitos dos alimentos ingeridos no dia-a-dia, com relação à saúde e sua ação no meio ambiente. Percebe-se que há um lugar reservado aos produtos orgânicos em grandes redes de supermercados e que, apesar do preço superior aos similares produzidos sem a tecnologia orgânica, a demanda por este produto tem aumentado. O trabalho buscou explicitar as insuficiências e limitações das práticas de mercado dos produtos orgânicos em supermercados e o risco da adoção dos mesmos pelos pequenos agricultores orgânicos, como base para buscar melhorar este canal e/ou pensar em outros canais de comercialização. Para cumprir com esses objetivos foram analisadas diferentes estratégias de comercialização adotadas pelos supermercados. Foram selecionados para estudo 10 supermercados na região do Pólo Bandeirante do estado de São Paulo, onde os produtos orgânicos foram comparados com os não orgânicos: preços praticados e estratégias de mercado. Foi verificado que há uma diferença significativa de preço de produtos orgânicos quando comparado com os não orgânicos tornando o mesmo acessível a apenas uma parcela da população e tendo como conseqüência um desserviço ao movimento de agricultura orgânica / Abstract: Significantly increasing number of consumers of organic products , the concern with the effects of food intake on a day- to-day with regard to health and its action on the environment. It is noticed that there is a place reserved for organic products in large supermarket chains and that , despite the higher price to similar produced without organic technology , the demand for this product has increased. The study sought to explain the shortcomings and limitations of market practices organic produce in supermarkets and the risk of adopting the same by small organic farmers , as a basis for seeking to improve this channel and / or think of other marketing channels . To fulfill these objectives were analyzed different marketing strategies adopted by supermarkets . Were selected for study 10 supermarkets in the Bandeirante pole of São Paulo , where organic products were compared with non- organic region : prices and market strategies . It was found that there is a significant price difference of organic products compared with non- organic making it accessible to only a portion of the population and as a consequence having a disservice to the organic farming movement / Mestrado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / This study explored value-chain governance in the Tugela Ferry Irrigation Scheme in KwaZulu-Natal, and presents data on input markets, vegetable production and output markets. Rural poverty is a major problem in post-apartheid South Africa, and smallholder agriculture has been identified by the Economic Development Department as a key component of its New Growth Path framework. Some scholars argue that since water is a scarce resource, irrigation farming should form a key focus of pro-poor land redistribution policy. The 1994 democratic dispensation saw the dismantling of the agricultural homeland parastatals which managed these schemes, causing them to collapse or near collapse. Yet they may have the potential to reduce rural poverty. While markets are key for viable production of fresh produce, some scholars assert that globally, input suppliers, food processors and supermarkets dominate the agro-food industry resulting in negative outcomes for smallholder producers. In South Africa, four major supermarkets (which together claim 55% of retail market share) were in the past located mainly in cities, but the trend now is that they are moving to small towns and townships. There are documented cases where pro-poor governance of fresh produce value chains has resulted in positive outcomes in South Africa. The re-governing markets concept which postulates that a multi-stakeholder approach to making the governance of agricultural value chains pro-poor, is offered as a solution to reducing poverty. This thesis argues that the incorporation of smallholder farmers into modern markets remains ineffective in dealing with poverty because it includes only a few smallholder farmers and those included face exclusion when they are exposed to harsh market conditions.

Marketing cooperatives play an important role in agricultural activities. Institutional support for cooperatives is based on the idea that, collectively, farmers can achieve benefits than, individually would be difficult to obtain. Head lettuce in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia is marketed and distributed by a central selling agency which is organized as a producer cooperative. Members of the cooperative are subject to regulations, in the form of market quota allocations which control the quantity of head lettuce they can sell through their cooperative. This study describes and analyses the market structure of the head lettuce industry in British Columbia to ascertain and quantify the source of benefits to producers from cooperative marketing within a regulated marketing environment. A model of the industry is constructed to characterize the market for head lettuce in B.C. The parameters which affect consumer demand and farm supply are estimated with econometric equations. A feature of supply is that current production decisions are influenced by the producer's market quota allocation which, in turn, is determined by the producer’s past sales. The market quotas are believed to have constrained supply response and this is borne out by the empirical results which indicates a highly inelastic supply curve. The demand for head lettuce is also estimated to be inelastic. This result is not surprising since head lettuce is regarded as a basic commodity by consumers. The estimated supply and demand elasticities are used to derive linear supply and demand curves at the cooperative and wholesale levels. These are used with the observed 1990 price and quantity levels to calibrate a model of the B.C. head lettuce industry. A counterfactual model is then formulated to simulate a market with no controls on output. Given an inelastic wholesale demand, the simulation results indicate that for very small increases in cooperative output, large decreases in price occur. Consequently total revenues decline at every alternative assumption of supply increase. This result supports the hypothesis that output restrictions by the cooperative have the potential to increase members' output prices. It is concluded that while the market quotas have in the past provided positive benefits to cooperative members, the quotas may now be hindering the process of adjustment to the loss of tariff protection and changing market conditions by making producers less price responsive. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

The document deals with the topic of electronic procurement with emphasis on process of its electronization using electronic tool Softender. The text is divided in two main parts -- First, theoretical part focuses on Public Produce Act analysis in relation to its forthcoming amendment. The practical part aims at functional description of electronic tool Softender. Inovations of such software solution and usage models are also discussed such as the marketing plan for the tool.

This thesis suggests that it is impossible to consider any administrative agency in the abstract without losing important elements of the nature of the legal environment within which the agency operates. There is a large gap between the theories of formal administrative law and the experience of practice in particular administrative settings. Drawing upon the work of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, the thesis develops the concept of the legal administrative field as a means to approach this issue. The use of Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus and capital help to articulate and give a theoretical structure to a process and series of practices that are otherwise hard to identify or study. Two Alberta farm marketing boards, and certain specific legal issues faced by each board, are examined in detail and analyzed in terms of the concept of the legal administrative field. It is shown that for each board, the realm of what was 'legally possible' shifted despite the fact that there were no changes in the formal administrative law and that legal practice in these fields involves far more than the application of the principles of formal administrative law. The intersection of the principles and habitus of formal administrative law, the structure provided by the legislative and regulatory framework, and the respective capital and habitus of all the individuals, agents and agencies within the field all interact and these complex interactions are what structure the legal administrative fields and shape the shifts which occur within them. In the struggles of interpretation which occur in these fields an attempt to make a clear demarcation between the practice of law by lawyers and the administration of the system by administrators is inadequate; it simplifies and renders invisible much of the complex series of interactions in which the legal practitioner is a participant and which create the field in which he or she practices. The conclusion is that the heuristic value of the legal administrative field in relation to the legal issues faced by the two marketing boards, and in relation to legal practice in the farm marketing area has been established and that this concept provides a useful perspective and a valuable supplement to a more traditional approach. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate