En nuestra experiencia en tecnologías de la información, hemos notado que se tiene un sesgo muy grande hacia la ejecución, es decir, construir cosas con la calidad adecuada y lanzarlas rápido a producción. Sin embargo, toda esta ejecución sin validación nos lleva a lanzar productos geniales pero que nadie necesita. En un estudio de 1997, Stevens & Burley sugieren que se requieren al menos 3,000 ideas para producir un producto comercialmente exitoso; En otro estudio de 2010, The Standish Group encuentra que solo el 7% de funcionalidades de un producto de software son siempre usadas, otro 48% se algunas veces y 45% nunca son usadas. Consecuentemente, cuando los grandes proyectos no tienen el gran impacto deseado, las empresas recién caen en cuenta de la inversión desperdiciada. El presente proyecto de tesis tiene como objetivo evaluar los procesos de gestión de productos de una empresa de desarrollo de productos de software para plantear mejoras a este proceso que permitan realizar la validación de ideas de manera temprana e iterativa. Adicionalmente, el proyecto comprende diseñar una solución tecnológica que permita a la empresa medir de manera oportuna el impacto que tiene cada incremento y funcionalidad nueva de los productos de software que desarrolla en los indicadores de negocio; permitiendo definir experimentos controlados donde se aíslen las variables que se desean medir objetivamente, para así poder tomar decisiones informadas sobre los ajustes a realizar a la visión y estrategia de los distintos productos de software de manera temprana, continua e iterativa. / In our experience in information technology, we have noticed there is an oversized bias for execution, namely, building things with the right quality and launching them to production fast. However, all this execution and no validation takes us to launch great products no one needs. In a study from 1997, Stevens & Burley suggest that one needs at least 3,000 ideas to produce a commercially successful product; In another study from 2010, The Standish group finds that only 7% of features are always used, another 48% is sometimes used and 45% never used. Consequently, when big projects do not have the big impact everyone expected them to have, companies realize of their wasted investment. The objective of this thesis project is to evaluate the product management processes from a product development company to propose improvements to this process to allow the early and iterative validation of ideas. Additionally, the project comprises the design of a technological solution to allow the company the timely measurement of the impact each product increment and developed functionality has on the business indicators; allowing the definition of controlled experiments where the target variables are isolated so they can be objectively measured, to allow informed decisions over the vision and strategy of the different software products in an early, continuous, and iterative manner. / Tesis

Takeuchi與Nonaka (1986)的研究指出，新產品對利潤的貢獻由七十年代的四分之一提升至八十年代的三分之一；Haas(1989)則指出，在美國的製造業中，有40%的營收來自新產品的銷售，32%的利潤亦來自於新產品的貢獻新產品對利潤的貢獻；而國內相關研究也有類似的結果。雖然新產品的開發上市對公司的貢獻如此大，但相對上，新產品的失敗率也相當高；Booz，Allen 與 Hamilton(1982)估計消費品失敗率約30%，工業品約為40%；Edgett等(1992)調查在英國的本土與日本廠商，發現英國廠商的新產品失敗率為45.7%，日本為40.2%，並認為產品的失敗率三十年來沒有明顯的改善，若從創意的產生到上市評估，則失敗率更高(須滕文德，民80)。新產品發展過程之管理為新產品成功的重要因素之一，但過去文獻多僅及於新產品發展過程之完整性，對於新產品發展過程之資源配置的研究較少，影響資源配置型態之因素為何？以及資源配置型態與新產品發展績效之關係為何？此關係又將受那些情境因素影響？即為本研究的主要動機。 經由文獻探討後，本研究將影響新產品發展過程資源配置之因素分為四大類：產品的創新性、新產品策略、組織規模、環境因素。除研究新產品發展過程資源配置之影響因素外，綜合其他學者之研究，發現資源配置與新產品之績效有顯著的關係存在，故本研究亦將延續此一主軸，更進一步發掘資源配置與各影響因素之配合對新產品發展績效之衝擊。 由於本研究所研究之部份主題牽涉公司之商業機密，且資源投入之衡量需由相當經驗之主管人員填答，因此本研究將採用便利抽樣之方式，尋求有意願配合之廠商，進行本研究之問卷調查。總計發出348份問卷(包括郵寄與親自發放)，實際回收167份問卷，去除資料填答不全之無效問卷35份，實際有效問卷為132份，回收率為38%。 本研究以新產品發展過程之資源配置的結果進行分群，經由集群分析後，可區分為三種不同的資源負荷集群：「市場資源負荷型」、「技術資源負荷型」、「製造資源負荷型」。然後再以因素分析，從新產品策略、組織資源及環境因素此三大類可能影響因素、19題問項中，萃取出7個因素，再分析此七因素及產品創新性之影響。 研究發現，影響新產品發展過程之資源配置型態的因素則包括：「產品創新性」、「市場需求的成長與規模」、「新產品策略」、「產品特性」、「可用研發資源」及「競爭優勢」。「組織資源」及「新產品開發成本」對資源配置型態並無顯著影響。由此結果可發現，組織資源的多寡並非資源配置決策者所考慮的主要因素之一，反而應該是組織資源的配置決策過程或決策的組織等組織特質較有可能影響資源的配置。 本研究以資源配置型態為自變數，以整體績效為應變數進行分析，結果發現「市場資源配置」型態的新產品發展績效明顯高於「製造資源配置」，而「技術資源配置」型態的新產品發展績效則介於其中，檢定結果並不顯著。而此一關係又受到下列情境因素的影響：「產品創新性」、「產品特性」、「競爭優勢」及「新產品開發成本」。 第一章　緒論……………………………………………………...……1 第一節 研究背景與動機……………………………………….……1 第二節 研究目的……………………………………………….……5 第三節 研究前題與研究範圍………………………………….……7 第四節 研究限制……………………………………………….……9 第二章 文獻探討………………………………………………...…..11 第一節 新產品之定義………………………………………….…..12 第二節 新產品發展過程……………………………………….…..17 第三節 新產品發展過程資源配置………………………………..30 第四節 新產品發展績效……………………………….…………..37 第五節 新產品策略……………………………….………………..42 第六節 影響新產品發展過程之資源配置因素……………….…..46 第三章 研究設計……………………………….……………….…..53 第一節 研究架構……………………………….…………………..53 第二節 變數定義、變數衡量與問卷設計…………………….…..55 第三節 研究假設……………………………….…………………..65 第四節 研究對象與資料分析方法………………………………..72 第四章 研究發現--影響新產品發展過程資源配置之因素………..76 第一節 回收問卷基本資料分析……………………………….…..76 第二節 問卷之信度與效度分析……………………………….…..79 第三節 新產品發展過程資源配置型態…………………………..81 第四節 影響新產品發展過程資源配置因素之分析………….…..85 第五節 新產品發展過程資源配置型態與影響因素之關係….…..91 第五章 研究發現--資源配置型態與發展績效之關係……………106 第一節 資源配置型態與發展績效之關係…………………….…107 第二節 影響資源配置與新產品發展績效關係之因素……….…109 第六章 結論與建議……………………………….……………..…119 第一節 研究發現……………………………….…………………119 第二節 理論與實務涵意……………………………….…………129 第三節 對後續研究之建議……………………………….………132 參考文獻……………………………….…………………………..…135 附錄一 問卷……………………………….……………………..…148 附錄二 個案……………………………….……………………..…153 附錄三 附表……………………………….……………………..…166 / The contribution of new product is more and more important for the growth of company today, but the rate of failure of new products is at least 30% (Booz, Allen and Hamilton, 1982; Edgett et al., 1992). There-fore, the management of new product development (NPD) process must be devoted more attention. There were many researches discussing NPD process, but it's hard to find out the researches regarding the resources allocation of NPD process. Resources allocation is a important part of implementation of new product strategy. This study identifies three type of resources allocation of NPD process: Market-resources-load, Tech-nology-resources-load, Manufacturing-resources-load. In addition, the factors influencing the choice of the type of resources allocation includes: the degree of innovation of new product, the growth and the size of market demand, new product strategy, features of new product, available R&D resources, relative competitive advantage. According to the evaluation of respondents, the performance of Market-resources-load resources allocation is better than others, but this relation is contingent under different situations such as the degree of innovation of new product, features of new product, relative competitive advantage, the cost of developing new product.

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Master of Technology: Quality in the Faculty of Engineering At the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / New Product Development (NPD) is a complicated process that determines success or failure of any company engaging in product development processes. Over the past years, due to the current highly competitive market environment, poor management skills, lack of innovation and customer concern, many companies are struggling to develop new products while simultaneously maintaining high quality of each of these new products. Various studies described that quality management is critical to prolong the life cycle of new products. Thus, this study focused on the key success factors of NPD and integrated quality management strategies into NPD process. This study was conducted at a local plastic packaging and load securing company in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. A combination of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches was conducted. Both management (n1=5) the staff members (n2=24) who are involved in the NPD process were selected as samples. A semi-structured questionnaire and several interviews (in-depth and focused group) were utilised for data collection. A statistical programme (SPSS V20) was employed to generate descriptive statistical results and test the reliability of all the variables. The study results identified that the key quality determinants of the NPD process were are NPD reviews, verifications and validations. In addition, for the NPD process to be successful, the company should focus on the development of the NPD strategy, availability of skills and resources including NPD competence, product quality, empowered multidisciplinary teams and effective risk management. Based on the research findings, this study recommends that the company should have more focuses on the areas of customer dissatisfaction, product quality, and prototype planning in their NPD processes.