In my thesis I concentrate on the topic of the equal treatment and the prohibition of discrimination. The reason why I have chosen this subject matter is for its topicality and constantly increasing significance. The equal treatment, as well as the prohibition of discrimination, has to be respected in labour relations to create respectable conditions for employees and equal opportunities for job applicants. In practice, these principles support also better productivity in a workplace, because the work environment, where the law is maintained, is the healthy and prosperous one. However, the reality is different and these principles are not always enforced. That is the reason why discrimination or unequal treatment still exist today and it is not phenomenon, which would be typical only for relations between employers and employees or job applicants. Therefore, the international, European and interstate legislation is evolving constantly in this area and it is changing in an effort to reach more efficient application in practice. The aim of this thesis is to analyse applicable legislation of the equal treatment and the prohibition of discrimination and its influence on labour relations. The whole thesis is divided into introduction, four separate chapters, which are subdivided into particular...

Legislation of the women's position on labor market Abstract The aim of this thesis called "Legislation of the women's situation on labor market" is to describe not only current situation but also historic progression of women's position in employment relations. It is focused on the regulation of equal treatment and the prohibition of discrimination in international law, European law and Czech law and also on special working conditions of women, which are established for protection of female employees during pregnancy and maternity. I also try to acquaint readers with judicial decisions in this area. Women's situation on labor market was not always great and they had to fought for better position. Traditional arrangement where house keeping and raising kids is naturally considered as women's responsibility is still common in most families. That is why lots of women have to learn how to coordinate mother's role and their job. My thesis is divided into five chapters. First chapter is dedicated to evolution of women's position in society and on labor market from 19th century to the period after Velvet revolution in 1989. Second and third chapters are focused on equal treatment and the prohibition of discrimination. While the purpose of the second chapter is to define these expressions, the third chapter serves...

RESUMÉ This thesis is concerned with equal treatment and prohibition of employment discrimination. I deal with international, European and Czech antidiscrimination law. The text is divided into an introduction, four main chapters, divided into subchapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter defines the fundamental terms, which are equality and discrimination. At first, I distinguish formal and substantive equality. In context of substantive equality, I explain the concepts of equal opportunity and equality of outcome. In the following part of the chapter I deal with the concept of discrimination. I describe the basic forms of discrimination: Direct and indirect discrimination. I also briefly discuss the issue of multiple discrimination. The second chapter concerns the most important international conventions that are related to my thesis topic. Those are the conventions of United Nations, Council of Europe and International Labour Organization. The third chapter focuses on the European Union law. First, I review the development of primary law. Further, I focus on the secondary law and three main anti-discrimination directives. The relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union is regarded here as well. Great attention is given to the issue of discrimination against persons with...

This work examines the compatibility of prohibition of discrimination in private law and the principle of autonomy of will which is the leading principle of private law. For this purpose, the work analyses both principles and their limits, examines their conflict and possible coexistence. First of all, this work deals with the prohibition of discrimination in private relationships and the extend of its effect. This extend is limited by the scope of the Antidiscrimination Act as well as by certain exceptions from equal treatment. Considering the fact that antidiscrimination law does not have a long tradition in the Czech Republic, this work uses international law and EU law, as well as relevant case law, to interpret the norms of antidiscrimination law. Further, this work focuses on the principle of autonomy of will which is the fundamental prerequisite for realization of the will of individuals in private law. Besides the content of the principle of autonomy of will, this work analyses its limitations given by private law acts, especially Civil Code and Labour Code. The conflict of prohibition of discrimination and the autonomy of will is can be perceived from different perspectives. Some of them are mentioned in this work. In essence, this conflict is a conflict of two fundamental rights, equality...

This thesis deals with the issue of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination in labour relations. The principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination is one of the essential principles of labour law. Therefore, this principle is part of labour law at all levels - international labour law, labour law of the European union and national law. The author of this thesis chose this topic for its increasing social significance. The principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination is slowly becoming important social topic even in the Czech Republic. The thesis consists of four main chapters, which are further divided into subchapters. The first chapter briefly describes some of the essential concepts such as equality, discrimination, gender etc. Although these terms are commonly used, their description is important for better understanding of the topic. The other chapters deal with the law currently applicable in the Czech Republic. The second chapter describes the principle of equal treatment and non- discrimination in the documents of international law, esp. international conventions of the United Nations, International Labour Organization and the Council of Europe. The third chapter focuses on the aforesaid principle in the labour law of European Union. For the EU, the principle of equal...

Prohibition of discrimination against women in labor law relations Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the issue of women's discrimination in labor law relations. The aim of this thesis is a complex conception of the issue, especially the examination of women's position in labor law market in the context of selected socio-cultural problems and the historical genesis of women's position, definition of terms related to discrimination and analysis of relevant legislation, including case law. The thesis also deals with historical context, the current situation of women's position in the labor market and also the legal basis of equal treatment and non-discrimination principles. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Each chapter focuses on various aspects of the position of women in the labor market related to the principles of equal treatment and non- discrimination. The first chapter discusses the historical development of the position of women in society. The chapter is divided into four subchapters. The first subchapter is devoted to the beginnings of the Czech emancipation movement, which laid the foundations for further development of the feminist stream in our country. The second and third subchapter deals with the position of women in the interwar and socialistic...

The principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination in labor relations Abstract This dissertation focuses on the analysis of the legal regulation of the Czech Republic containing the principle of equal treatment of employees and the prohibition of their discrimination in labor relations. The other objective is to compare the legal regulations of other European Union Member States and to apply the principle of equal treatment and non- discrimination in practice, including the abundant case law of The Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Court of Human Rights and the less case law of the Czech courts. The content of this dissertation above all is an introduction of the principle of equal treatment and non- discrimination, differentiation of material and formal equality including specification of individual discriminatory reasons and an introduction of the most important legal sources in the international legislation, standards of the European anti-discriminatory law and domestic legal adjustment. Another part describes the rules of equal treatment and the ban of discrimination applied in real life in the area of remuneration in terms of rewarding somebody the same amount for the work of same value, and a possibility of achieving a functional or other types of promotion without...

The following pages are an attempt to examine the importance of the content in a job listing in relation to the prohibition of discrimination. Furthermore, to compare legislations of the private and public sector in Sweden. The effect The European Union and other international regulations have on the way Sweden regulate job listings will also be discussed. As there is a large number of factors affecting the content in a job listing, this paper will also examine the law-oriented contribution from the European Court of Justice and the Swedish Labour Court. The premise is that a Swedish employer within the private and public sector can hire whoever they want, however there are some restrictions. For instance, the prohibition on discrimination and affirmative action. Other subjects in this area that will be discussed are direct and indirect discrimination, specific requirements in a job listing, factual basis in the recruitment process, the principle of objectivity and the legality principle. The employer’s requirements for active measures will also be addressed.

(Prohibition on discrimination in international law of protection of human rights) The purpose of this thesis is definition of concept of human rights, equality and discrimination, explanation of principle of equal treatment and their reflection in present time. From general definitions, I gradually step towards the aplication of these terms in international law, legislation on regional level within Europe and at the end, implementation of principle of equal rights and prohibition on discrimination in law of Slovak Republic. The most extensive part is dedicated to issues of antidiscrimination from the perspective of the United Nations and pose its basic instruments that are used for promoting equality and fight against discrimination. The UN, within its activity, adopted a large number of international conventions explicitly focused on this issues since it was established. These documents became a pattern for additional conventions addopted within regional or internal law. Significant role in the field of fight against discrimination within the european region plays the Council of Europe. Convention on human rights and fundamental freedoms as a result of activity of this organisation is considered for basic pillar of protection against discrimination among european legal stanards. Compliance of the...

This diploma thesis is focused on taxation of personal income of dependent activity in the Czech republic and Finland. First, the basic context of primary freedoms in European union are defined. Then the relevant legislation concerning taxation of chosen income category in the Czech republic and Finland are described. Using these informations we calculate and compare the tax burden of several model taxpayers in these two countries.