Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree Master of Technology (Construction Management) In the Faculty of Engineering 2014 / According to findings presented in literature, construction projects are restrained within budgeted cost. Hence, the operational system is challenged within prohibitive cost limits to deliver projects at a stipulated time and at a satisfactory quality. This has prompted the intention of establishing effective management of cost constraint on building project delivery in South Africa. Data for the main study were collected through observations, semi-structured and unstructured qualitative interviews and quantitative close-ended questionnaires administered to construction stakeholders working in the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces, South Africa. Findings are that the following are factors that affect cost during building production process: additional works without contractual procedure, inadequate co-ordination of design phase and construction phase during production by project managers, financial mismanagement, frequent changes in design, cost of materials in the market, fluctuation of price of materials. Additional findings are proper monitoring and controlling at stages during production, procurement of competent contractors and subcontractors, involvement of experienced professionals in production, proper briefing by the client during production process, targeting quality during production, prompt decision taking during production, and the establishment of effective communication systems on site during production, frequent changes in building design by the client during production affect construction cost; frequent changes in building design during production cause rework; changes in building design during construction caused by errors and omissions detected affects quality of project delivered; and specification due to procurement of new materials during construction causes changes in building design, labour productivities, wrong planning for machine usage on site, late delivery of equipment during production and unanticipated increases in prices of building materials. Late delivery of materials also affects production process. Regular meetings on site will promote efficient productivities of human resources, team work on site during production, general progress reports on site during production, projects schedule/timetable for production and work programmes for site activities. The study concluded by recommending that proper adoption of these findings by the South African construction stakeholders during production processes will enhance delivery of building projects at reduced construction resources, at the standard of quality expected, at the time stipulated, at the budgeted cost specified, and to the satisfaction of the client. Interest will be achieved as illustrated under each objective of the research study. This research recommends further investigation of the effects of building material supply management during production processes in the South African construction industry.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Construction Management in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / The study investigates the predominant factors that adversely affect the efficiency of construction labour in the South African construction industry. There is a significant number of studies on construction labour efficiency and productivity. Nonetheless, construction labour efficiency in developed and developing nations is widely reported to be inadequate, and thus adversely impacts the delivery of construction projects. Adequate utilisation of basic construction resources (construction materials and machinery) is significantly dependent on the efficiency of human assets in the construction industry. Hence, the utilisation of construction resources to achieve project objectives in the construction sector cannot be disconnected from the efficiency of construction employees. As a result, the study identified five objectives directed towards improving the efficiency of employees in the construction industry. The first objective identified construction-related factors affecting construction workers’ efficiency; the second objective highlighted design-related factors reducing the efficiency of construction labour; the third identified the impact of construction resources on construction labour efficiency; and the fourth ascertained the external factors affecting the efficiency of human assets in the construction industry. Finally, the last objective is directed towards developing a framework for improving the efficiency of the South African construction workforce. The research adopted a mixed methodological approach, utilising a quantitative questionnaire completed by construction professionals (architects, quantity surveyors, site engineers, project managers, contract managers and site manager). Due to the high level of awareness of site supervisors on labour performance in construction, the quantitative data obtained from construction professionals was subsequently validated using semi-structured interviews with site supervisors. The research questionnaire was designed to elicit the perceptions of construction professionals on various identified factors affecting construction workers’ efficiency on Gauteng and Western Cape construction sites in South Africa. With the aid of 35 unstructured questionnaire surveys, an exploratory study was undertaken within construction firms in Cape Town to ensure the validity of research instruments, where the inputs and comments of respondents were duly considered in formulating the questionnaire for the main study. In the main study, two hundred and sixty-five (265) questionnaires were administered via hand-delivered and electronic mail to construction professionals in the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces, South Africa. Sixty-two (62) questionnaires (23.39%) were duly completed, returned and analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Cronbach's alpha coefficient reliability test was subsequently conducted on scaled research questions to ensure reliability of the research questionnaire. The findings revealed that the major factors contributing to the shortfall of construction workers’ performance include; missing details in architectural working drawings, the communication ability of site managers, site managers’ coordinating skills, the effect of strikes on construction operations, the planning ability of site managers, slow response of architects to drawing questions, slow response of structural engineers to drawing questions, construction skills of site supervisors and, finally, shortages of construction materials. Improved construction productivity is a product of construction labour efficiency and enables the achievement of construction project objectives. Therefore, an adequate implementation of the framework presented in this study will not only enhance construction labour efficiency and heighten construction productivity during building production process, but will also increase the satisfaction of construction stakeholder on Gauteng and Western Cape construction projects.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Leadership and how it impacts on the performance of human beings remains to wide and to generic to define in a one stop shop. The inability of the research community to have one definition of this well researched topic, complicates the process of identifying those critical factors that lead to effective leadership. Sometimes, incorrectly so, leadership and management are interchangeably used when they do not always mean the same thing. Whilst both can be found in an individual, they are different with leadership relating to personality as compared to management which relates to formal position. Because leadership resides in the person of the individual, it lands itself into different styles as they pertain to the knowledge, understanding, education, culture and experience of the leader. Project management or leadership, is unique because of the unique nature of the project and the environment in which projects are executed. A special type of leadership is presumed to be able to provide effective leadership in the presence of the matrix structure leading to the authority gap, the temporary nature of the project leading to labour instability, and the square root parameters against which the success of the project are measured. The findings clearly indicate that there are certain behavioural patterns necessary to provide effective project execution in the risky and unpredictable project terrain.

Orientador: Otávio José de Oliveira / Banca: Edwin Vladimir Cardoza Galdamez / Banca: José Paulo Alves Fusco / Resumo: As instabilidades econômicas que envolvem o setor industrial fazem com que as empresas busquem novas formas de organização que permitam agregar vantagens. A aglomeração de empresas do mesmo setor e com atividades correlatas é chamada de cluster industrial. Neste contexto, as Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) podem alcançar algumas vantagens competitivas que individualmente não conseguiriam, por meio de ações coletivas fomentadas por uma governança estruturada. O estudo de clusters permite investigar o processo de implantação das tecnologias de gstão que podem auxiliar na obtenção da eficiência coletiva, do fornecimento da cooperação empresarial, da criação de vantagens competitivas e na promoção do crescimento econômico, social e local. Desta forma, o objtetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver diretrizes de práticas para a transferência de tecnologia de gestão entre clusters, de forma que promova a cooperação empresarial e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais temas e um estudo de caso no cluster metal-mecânico de Sertãozinho - SP, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os agentes de governança, a fim de ambientar o pesquisador e identificar algumas iniciativas que corroboram e contribuem com ações coletivas propostas na literatura. Os resultados desta pesquisa englobam as diretrizes de práticas de gestão organizadas em um processo de 8 etapas: Diagnóstico Inicial, Diagnóstico 2, Planejamento Macro, Planejamento Detalhado, Preparação para a mudança, Implantação, Medição e Controle e Ação/Retroalimentação, desenvolvidas a partir da fundamentação teórica e refinadas por meio da experiência de Sertãozinho / Abstract: Ahead of the economic instability involving the industrial and business competitivess, which causes companies to seek new forms of organization that give advantages. Firms agglomerateds within the same sector and with complementary activities is called industrial cluster. In this context, the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) can to achieve some competitive advantages that could not be reached indivivually, through collective actions forested by a governance structure. Cluster study allows investigating the process of implementation of management technologies that can assist in achieving collective efficiency, strengthening business cooperation, competitive advantages creation and growth economic, social and local promotion. In this way, the objective of this research is to develop practice guidelines for guidelines for management technology transfer between clusters in order to promote business cooperation and sustainable development. It was performed a literature review of key issues and a case study in Sertãozinho - SP cluster metal-mechanic, through semi-structured interviews with the governance agents, in order fit in the researcher and identify some initiatives that support and contribute to collective actions proposed in the literature. The results of this research include guidelines for management practices organized in a eight steps process: Initial Diagnosis, Diagnosis 2, Macro Planning, Detailed Planning, Preparation for the change, Implementation and Action/Feedback, developed from the theoretical and refined through of Sertãozinho experience / Mestre

A presente pesquisa teve como foco central, desenvolver uma análise que permitiu avaliar o conhecimento em gestão de projetos dentro de escritórios de design de interiores. Diante disto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, de ordem qualitativa, a fim de compreender a percepção dos gestores desses escritórios. Com isso, buscou-se obter informações que pudessem fornecer respostas sobre seus conhecimentos nas áreas relacionadas à gestão de projetos. A avaliação do conhecimento foi importante, pois permitiu identificar elementos que venham a aprimorar estruturas curriculares de cursos de design de interiores, capacitando de maneira mais eficaz, seus graduados. No entanto, não foi encontrada na literatura, pesquisa ligada a área de avaliação e gestão do conhecimento em escritórios de design de interiores. Assim sendo, estimou-se ao fim da pesquisa que a análise proposta tratasse do cenário atual, podendo auxiliar e contribuir para que se estabeleça um padrão que avalie o conhecimento dentro dos escritórios de design de interiores. O estudo permitiu concluir que nenhum dos escritórios que participaram da pesquisa faz uso de metodologias para gerenciar seus projetos. Desta forma, observou-se que cada escritório desenvolve seu próprio processo gerencial, tendo como referência suas próprias práticas de trabalho. / This research had as its central focus, develop an analysis that allowed evaluate knowledge in project management within interior design offices. Given this, an exploratory research was conducted in qualitative, in order to understand the perception of managers of these offices. Thus, it sought to obtain information that could provide answers about their knowledge in areas related to project management. The evaluation of knowledge was important because it allowed us to identify elements that may improve curriculum structures of interior design courses, enabling more effectively, its graduates. However, it was not found in the literature, research linked the area of assessment and management of knowledge in interior design offices. Therefore, it estimated the end of the research that the analysis dealt with the current situation and can assist and contribute to the establishment of a standard to assess the knowledge within the interior design offices. The study found that none of the firms that participated in the survey makes use of methods to manage your projects. Thus, it was observed that every office develops its own management process, taking as a reference its own work practices.

Os projetos de revitalização urbana possuem grande relevância para a gestão pública e são atualmente foco de discussões internacionais sobre como devem ser ajustados às necessidades de um mundo mais veloz, globalizado e capaz de proporcionar uma melhoria de qualidade de vida à sociedade civil. Cidades como São Paulo que possuem um urbanismo complexo e um centro comercial dinâmico e forte, exigem uma gestão pública que acompanhe seu ritmo e que supra as necessidades e expectativas urbanas de uma sociedade civil acostumada a realizar negócios com o mundo inteiro e a um alto nível de eficiência. Estudos e pesquisas estão sendo realizados pelo governo para compreender quais as tendências visionárias que precisam ser consideradas em um modelo de gestão pública para atender ao público atual e suas expectativas em relação à cidade, porém as deficiências na estrutura gerencial prejudica a identificação de como estas mudanças podem ser realizadas na prática. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo propor uma estrutura de gerenciamento de projetos de revitalização urbana identificando as melhorias e ajustes que podem ser realizados em uma estrutura existente, considerando a inclusão de novos conceitos urbanos. A metodologia utilizada foi a comparação da estrutura da empresa pública de São Paulo, responsável pelo gerenciamento dos projetos de revitalização urbana, com a estrutura de gerenciamento de projetos do Guia PMBOK 5ª edição. Como resultado da aplicação da metodologia foi possível reconhecer e organizar um conjunto de ações fundamentais para abrigar o desenvolvimento de projetos de revitalização urbana em geral e, em especial, nos órgãos que tem essa função na cidade de São Paulo, de forma que os capacite a servir de forma eficiente aos seus propósitos, podendo também ser replicados a outras escalas de cidades e empresas. / Urban Renewal Projects (URP) have a great relevance in public management and are currently the focus of international discussions and debates on how they should be planned and adjusted to the needs of a faster, more dynamic, and more integrated world, and also capable of providing a better quality of life for civil society. Cities like São Paulo which have a complex urban planning and are a strong and important business centre, require a public administration as efficient as its environment. Researches are being carried out by the government to identify the new urban concepts and trends that must be part of their public management model, but the weaknesses in management structure affect the identification of how these changes can be realized in practice. Thus, this work aims at developing a urban renewal project management structure by identifying improvements and adjustments that can be performed on an existing structure, also incorporating new urban concepts. The methodology used was a comparison of São Paulo`s public company structure, responsible for the urban renewals projects management, with the structure of project managent PMBOK Guide, 5th edition. As a result of the application of the methodology was possible to recognize and organize a list of key actions for the development of URP`s structure in gereneral and, in particular, in the bodies that have that function in São Paulo, in order to enable them to efficiently serve their purposes , and can be replicated to other scales of cities and company.

Os projetos fazem parte da gestão estratégica das empresas na criação e sustentação de suas vantagens competitivas. O portfólio de projetos das empresas é composto por iniciativas relacionadas à busca de inovação e eficiência que envolvem diferentes graus de complexidade e incerteza. Dado o comprovado mau desempenho dos projetos de maneira geral, amplificado pelo maior número de projetos considerados complexos e incertos, novas abordagens de gestão de projetos surgiram em contraponto à abordagem convencional. Dessa forma, este trabalho analisa as dinâmicas de definição e gestão de projetos complexos e incertos de empresas no Brasil, com intuito de observar como certas práticas ou a ausência delas contribuem para o sucesso ou fracasso dos projetos. Para atender aos objetivos deste trabalho, a metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de múltiplos casos. Entre os resultados desta pesquisa, os destaques são apresentados a seguir. Primeiro, uma descrição da dinâmica de definição e gestão de projetos complexos e incertos nas empresas estudadas. Segundo, após a descrição das dinâmicas de cada empresa, foi feita uma análise da contribuição das abordagens descritas para o sucesso ou fracasso do projeto. Terceiro, com a descrição das abordagens e suas contribuições para sucesso ou fracasso dos projetos, foi possível entender, criticar e propor melhorias ao modelo contingencial estruturado de Shenhar e Dvir (2007), que foi utilizado como referencial teórico da pesquisa. / Projects are part of the companies strategic management, contributing to create and sustain competitive advantages. Companies project portfolios are composed by initiatives related to innovation and efficiency, which involve different levels of complexity and uncertainty. Considering the poor performance of projects in general, amplified by the increasing number of complex and uncertain projects in companies portfolios, new managing approaches have been emerging to counterbalance the conventional ones. Thus, this work analyses the dynamics of definition and management of complex and uncertain projects in companies in Brazil, with purpose of observing how certain aspects of the dynamics contribute to projects success and failure. In order to meet this purpose, it has been used the multiple cases study methodology. The results of this research are composed of three parts. First, a description of the dynamics of complex and uncertain projects definition and management in the companies analyzed. Second, after the description of each companys dynamics, an analysis about its contribution to projects success or failure has followed. Third, after completing the description of the dynamics and their contribution to projects success and failure, it was possible to understand, criticize and suggest improvements to the Shenhar and Dvir (2007) structured and adaptive project management approach, which was used as the theoretical reference for this research.

O objetivo principal do presente trabalho é analisar a aplicabilidade do gerenciamento de projetos na gestão pública e verificar a evolução de indicadores finalísticos de resultado da implantação de um método de gestão. O escopo do estudo é baseado na análise da gestão das políticas públicas, em âmbito estadual, em Minas Gerais, e a metodologia é fundamentada no gerenciamento de projetos, norteada pelo seu guia de procedimentos, contemplada no PMBoK. Este trabalho teve um tratamento qualiquantitativo apresentando resultados a partir da análise de indicadores finalísticos de áreas de resultados, em que é possível afirmar a incidência de mudança de comportamento na evolução desses indicadores na comparação dos períodos pré e pós-gestão de projetos e, também, apresentando resultados a partir da análise de questionário aplicado junto à SEPLAG. Das 13 (treze) áreas de resultados analisadas, em 7 (sete) delas os indicadores apresentaram melhoria no período pós a aplicação de gestão de projetos no seu comportamento em comparação ao período anterior. O comparativo dos indicadores macroeconômicos de MG com os demais estados da federação no período analisado demonstrou alterações positivas em relação à variação em percentual do resultado entre os anos de 2008 e 2003 em todos os indicadores analisados, indicativo favorável à utilização do gerenciamento de projetos na gestão pública de MG. É importante salientar a impossibilidade de isolar variáveis envolvidas neste conjunto de resultados, o que implica na necessidade de parcimônia nas conclusões sobre a evolução dos indicadores estudados e sua correlação com o gerenciamento de projetos. / The main objective of this study is to analyze the applicability of project management in public administration and to evaluate the evolution of finalistic result indicators in implementation of management method. The scope of the study is based on the analysis of public policy management in state, Minas Gerais, and the methodology is based on project management, guided by your guide procedures contemplated in the PMBOK. This work was handled by presenting qualitative and quantitative results from the analysis of finalistic result areas indicators. It is possible to state the incidence of behavioral change in the evolution about these indicators when comparing pre-and post-project management and also presented results from the analysis of the questionnaire addressed to SEPLAG. Of the 13 (thirteen) result areas analyzed in 7 (seven) of these indicators showed improvement in the period after the application of project management in their behavior compared to the previous period. The comparison of macroeconomic indicators of MG with other states on the period analyzed showed positive changes in relation of variation in percentage of income between the years 2008 and 2003 in all the indicators analyzed, indicating favorable to use project management in managing MG public. However, it is important to point out the impossibility of isolating variables involved in this set results, which implies the need for parsimony in conclusions on evolution of the indicators and their correlation with project management.

Cada vez mais a gestão de projetos está presente no dia-a-dia das grandes organizações principalmente visando à redução das perdas por não conformidade na gestão de seus projetos e à conseqüente maximização dos lucros das empresas. Problemas como estes levam à definição de medidas relacionadas ao sucesso e às perdas financeiras dos projetos, modelos de análise e principalmente de estudos de melhorias para redução destas perdas, com definição inclusive de quais os fatores críticos que tornam os projetos bem sucedidos. Esta dissertação propõe uma modelagem para a medida da eficiência da gestão de projetos por meio de uma analogia entre a teoria Termodinâmica e os processos do ciclo de vida de um projeto, caracterizados pelas suas atividades, fases e subprojetos. Entende-se o conceito de eficiência como a divisão entre o custo planejado de um projeto ou processo do mesmo e o custo real ocorrido, ou seja, o grau de sucesso do gerenciamento de um projeto, medido financeiramente. O modelo proposto relaciona os modelos e equações termodinâmicas, principalmente com referência às medidas de eficiência térmica em uma turbina, com os processos de um projeto. Modelam-se então para cada atividade, fase ou subprojeto um processo, equações análogas, descritas com as variáveis da metodologia de gerenciamento do valor agregado, que permitem o cálculo das perdas no processo estudado e principalmente da eficiência da atividade, fase ou subprojeto. Identificaram-se três grupos que influem na eficiência como fatores de \'geração de entropia\', analogamente à Termodinâmica: complexidade, incerteza e maturidade da organização. Estudos de caso mostram a fundamentação do modelo proposto, e a relação entre os fatores críticos de sucesso propostos e a eficiência dos projetos estudados. / More and more the project management is inside the international corporations, mainly due to their needs of reducing the non conformance costs generated by their projects and maximizing their profits. Those problems lead to the need of determination of measures related to project success, project\'s losses, analysis\' models and studies concerning losses reduction, including the definition of the critical factors for project\'s success. This dissertation proposes a model capable of measuring the project management efficiency through an analogy between the Thermodynamics and the project\'s life cycle processes, presented by their activities, phases and subprojects. The efficiency concept is defined by the comparison between the planned costs and the actual costs in a project, or in other words, the level of financial success of the project management. The analogy correlates the models and equations from the Thermodynamics, specially the ones referring to the efficiency in a turbine with the project\'s processes. So, for every activity, phase or subproject, the equations and models are described using the earned value management methodology, allowing the calculation of the process\' losses and especially the process\' efficiency. Three groups of factors that act as \'entropy generators\' were identified, according to the analogy: complexity, uncertainty and organizational maturity. Case studies showed that the analogy proposed is well based, as well as the relation between the three success factors and the project efficiency.

Este trabalho aborda o desenvolvimento e a implantação de um projeto de armazenagem de componentes direto numa indústria de linha branca, na cidade de Rio Claro, interior do estado de São Paulo, o qual migrou de um modelo de armazenagem vertical, em porta-paletes, para um modelo horizontal sem o uso deste equipamento, denominado como Flat Storage. A preocupação desta pesquisa foi de apresentar ao público acadêmico interessado e aos profissionais da área de logística, o cenário anterior ao projeto e os motivos que levaram ao desenvolvimento desse conceito de armazenagem, o COMO foi realizada a implantação, o cenário posterior, juntamente com os benefícios encontrados, fazendo-se uma comparação com o cenário anterior. Por fim, faz-se uma convergência do modo como o projeto foi desenvolvido e implantado com as recomendações encontradas no PMBOK, principalmente no que diz respeito aos aspectos das Áreas de Conhecimento de Gestão de Projeto, com o intuito de mostrar como este trabalho deveria ter sido desenvolvido. Primeiramente, concluiu-se que os responsáveis pelo projeto não seguiram qualquer \"metodologia\" de gestão de projetos, pois as dificuldades encontradas evidenciaram tal descuido. Concluiu-se, também, que o modelo de armazenagem implantado, apesar de ser totalmente diferente daqueles encontrados em livros e na prática, foi muito bem aceito sob vários aspectos no cenário estudado. / This paper approaches the development and the implantation of a storage project of components (parts) in an industry named \"white line\" in Rio Claro city, located in São Paulo State, Brazil, which migrated from a vertical storage model, to a horizontal model, without any equipment, being called as Flat Storage. The concern of this research is presenting to the public in general, specially academics and logistics professionals, the previous scenario to the project and the reasons that had led it to the development of this storage concept, HOW the implantation was carried through, the previous scenario aligned with the benefits met, by making a comparison with the previous scene. Finally, a convergence is made of the way the project was developed and implanted in accordance with the recommendations found in the PMBOK guide, mainly under the aspects which are based on the areas of Knowledge of Project Management, bearing in mind to show how this project must have been developed. The first conclusion was that the responsible person for the project had difficulties due to the fact that the Project Management \"methodology\" was not followed. Therefore, the difficulties encountered pointed to incautious evidences. We also concluded that the storage model implanted, although very much alike the trends found in books and in practical in use, was very well accepted under some aspects in the studied scene.