This paper concerns itself with the devising of a model which organisations can consult when considering hosting any sales promotional activities. The success regarding profits derived from these sales promotions activities vary. These anomalies prompted a further investigation into the need for a single promotional model which could be utilized in varied business environments to optimize profits derived from sales promotions. The uniqueness of the South African environment was also taken into account when considering the various criteria in the development of the model. Sensitivity with regards to the types of barriers peculiar to South Africa is vital. The following excerpt from East Cape Weekend (An Eastern Cape newspaper) reinforces the belief that there are factors to which global environments are not exposed, and thus, the model should and will be designed to cater for these South African peculiarities by virtue of the fact that it will be based on the critical success factors of successful South African retail organisations. Resistance to technological progress due to the threat of possible job redundancy is one of the South African peculiarities that is referred to in the East Cape Weekend 09/06/2001 Michelle Pugh-Parry, “Controversial telephone technology will make paying bills safer”. Besides safety and convenience, the system can alleviate the R600m PE municipal areas debt, yet the union has outwardly rejected the plan and stormed the municipal buildings, protesting that it may cause job loss. It is precisely this type of peculiar barrier to progress that the author intends to accommodate for in the devising of his model. South African organizations will be considered when performing the empirical and primary studies in order to formulate a model that has been adapted to and caters for local needs due to its fundamental aspects being based on the South African circumstance. The information in this study contains the analysis of promotions in a broad context in terms of the following six facets of retail management, namely, operations, human resources, marketing, organizational behaviour, economics and strategies. The results of an analysis of promotional activities used by organizations in the Port Elizabeth municipal area was gained via the application of a questionnaire. An empirical study was performed and provided information that could be used in the development of a promotional model. The application of the model, benefits to whom and importance of the model was debated in the summary, conclusions and recommendations. The table of contents follows.

More employees in organisations in the built environment are beginning to suffer from ill health related to work when compared with employees in other industries. There are many reasons for this, such as: unsuitable working conditions, physical demands linked to the occupation and the high proportion of transient unskilled and semi-skilled employees. A study concerning the wellness levels of unskilled and semi-skilled employees therefore contributes to the understanding and improvement of employee health within the industry. The main objective of this study was therefore to identify the wellness levels of employees in the built environment and their perceptions of the extent to which their company provides wellness interventions or strategies. The methodological approach used in this study was within a quantitative paradigm, and a questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The findings indicated that the employees engaged in healthy activities and that the organisation encouraged the employees to maintain healthy lifestyles. However, there were areas that required consideration. Specifically, more attention should be given to budgeting for wellness interventions, regular health screenings should take place and more attention to substance abuse is required.

This diploma thesis concerns the use of fashion blogs as a mean of promotion for companies in fashion industry. With cooperation with GANT Czech republic, s.r.o. I will give an overview how a practical cooperation of a company and fashion bloggers might look like. Based on which criteria company chooses a blogger to interact with, how the work is done and what are the posibilities for the future. Thesis consists of two parts. First one is theoretical and touches topics as brands, fashion industry and new phenomenon of blogs in this indrustry that companies started to use heavily as a promotional tool for brand awareness. Second part is practical giving the characterisctics of a blogger and a reader or follower of a blog a exact steps how to cooperate with a blogger.

African Americans are disproportionately affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) and complications that include diabetic retinopathy and its disease and socioeconomic burdens. This study examined the relationships between diabetic retinopathy and health care utilization factors, such as gender, DM comorbidities of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and health care access, among sampled African Americans with DM in the United States. The Andersen health care utilization model was the framework for the study. In this correlational cross-sectional study, data from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey datasets were analyzed. Results of complex samples logistic regression showed that there were no significant associations between diabetic retinopathy and DM comorbidities of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, gender, and health care access, after controlling for hemoglobin A1C level, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), marital status, education level, and annual household income. UACR, annual household income, and adult education level were significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy (p <.005). Researchers might use findings from this study for further studies to establish cause-and-effect relationships between diabetic retinopathy and the related health utilization factors in this population. Positive social change might be effected by using results from the study in planning and developing effective public health interventions targeting specific African American populations, which might result in a reduction of the associated physical and socioeconomic burdens on these populations.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a public health issue that may be prevented using the screening strategy. Black people in Africa represent the population with the lowest risk for CRC. However, in Africa as well as the United States, Black people participate the least in CRC screening. Little is known about the perceptions of CRC and CRC screening in the Black, male, African immigrants residing in Baltimore, Maryland. The low participation in CRC screening in this population was the problem addressed by this dissertation. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and describe Black, male, African immigrants’ experience with CRC screening in Baltimore. Two research questions focused on understanding the meaning of CRC and describing the experience with CRC screening in this population. The health belief model served as a conceptual framework. The descriptive phenomenological approach was used using semistructured interviews with 8 participants. Data collected from eligible participants in the population of interest were transcribed and analyzed thematically using Colaizzi’s 7-step strategy. Three key findings from this study included the limited knowledge of CRC, the limited perceived barriers to CRC screening, and the high level of trust in health care providers of the participants. Fear of results and negative cultural beliefs about CRC screening were no barriers to the screening. The recommendations for future studies include the consideration of the female population and the inclusion of participants resident in Baltimore for fewer than 6 months. The implications for a positive social change include the improvement of CRC awareness and physician-patient conversations, as well as the development of policies that can facilitate access to health care.

It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the present types of report cards and pupil promotion forms; to study carefully their advantages and disadvantages, evaluate them, and give a suggested policy that might better suit the schools and society. / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts under Plan II." / "July 22, 1946." / Advisor: R. L. Eyman. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-47).

My aim is to show that the individual needs of the child can be better served with improved record and promotion policies. / "August 25, 1945." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Committee of Florida State College for Women in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts under Plan II." / Advisor: R. L. Eyman. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-53).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / An increasing number of working age adults are choosing to delay or forego parenthood entirely, but little research has explored how voluntarily childfree adults are perceived and treated in the workplace. While a large body of research has examined the impacts of motherhood on working women, little work has been done to understand the experiences of voluntarily childfree women. This study explored perceptions of working women based on their reproductive choices and whether these perceptions relate to differences in promotion decisions. Based on social backlash theory, I hypothesized that voluntarily childfree (VCF) women would be penalized in promotion decisions, and that perceptions of agentic-dominance and communality would explain this relationship. Using a sample of 220 participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, I tested my proposed mediation model and found no support for my hypotheses. Counter to expectations, no evidence of the motherhood penalty emerged either. Despite the lack of significant findings in this study, future work should consider assessing the relationships proposed with different experimental design.

A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Health (MPH) in the School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2019 / Background: In South Africa, a well-performing health workforce is critical to the successful implementation of the National Health Insurance system. Sickness absenteeism influences health worker performance, with potentially negative consequences for quality of patient care and staff morale. Within the South African public sector, temporary incapacity leave is additional sick leave which is granted at the discretion of the employer once the allocated sick leave has been exhausted. Incapacity leave may only be accessed once the allocated 36 days of sick leave have been exhausted and the year 2016 marked the beginning of a new sick leave cycle. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine approved incapacity leave of health professionals in the Gauteng Department of Health (GDoH) with the objectives of describing the demographic and occupational characteristics of health professionals with approved incapacity leave, the medical reasons for this type of leave and to determine whether there was an association between demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics and medical reasons (independent variables) and approved incapacity leave (outcome). Methodology: This descriptive study used official government statistics obtained from the Personnel Salary Administration System. Electronic records of approved incapacity leave absences of health professionals employed in the GDoH were obtained for the period from 1 January 2016 until 31 December 2016. A structured record review form was used to extract information. STATA ® 15 was used for descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. Results: In 2016, the GDoH approved the incapacity leave of 518 health professionals, who accounted for 1155 leave episodes. The mean age of health professionals with incapacity leave was 46 years (SD ± 10.2 years). Professional nurses accounted for 41.5% of incapacity leave. The main medical reasons for incapacity leave were mental disorders (12.8%) and musculoskeletal disorders (12.0%). The risk factors for incapacity leave among health professionals were: female, 35 years and older, from district hospitals and working in the Sedibeng health district (p<0.05). The odds of incapacity leave was three times higher for health professionals who were older than 45 years (45 to 54 years – adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.0 95% CI 2.3-4.0) (≥ 55 years - AOR 3.1 95% CI 2.3-4.3). The odds of incapacity leave among health professionals was highest for those working in the Sedibeng health district (AOR 2.2 95% CI 1.5-3.3). Conclusions: Sickness absenteeism is complex and influenced by individual, workplace and health system factors. The study findings suggest the need to improve the management of incapacity leave in the GDoH, through inter alia, improved information systems, monitoring of sickness absenteeism and the creation of positive practice environments. / TL (2020)

“Sustainability is increasingly important to consumers as they consider not only the effects products they buy have on their personal health, but also the impact they have on our wildlife, soil, and the people who work at every level of the supply chain. As climate change has moved from a future concern to a present reality, going green has become a driving force for innovation in every industry, including beauty” (Linkage, 2020). The importance of ethical and sustainable products is on the rise in the beauty industry, it is becoming increasingly apparent that having ethical and clean products are important to customers. This research used a quantitative design to explore whether consumers find it important to look for sustainable and ethical cosmetic products when purchasing from a company. The research findings indicate female consumers and those aged 18-34 are the ones most likely to stop purchasing from companies that test on animals. Findings also indicate that compared to males, female consumers find sustainable/eco-friendly products to be important when purchasing cosmetics.