Orientador: Edwiges Maria Morato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T07:12:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Epifanio_NathaliadoNascimento_M.pdf: 1606187 bytes, checksum: a623b70dfe56055fe1b1600a7579df1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo a descrição e análise das funções linguísticas e pragmáticas do elemento le, que emerge de forma a assumir várias funções linguísticas na fala de uma pessoa afásica, EC, participante do Centro de Convivência de Afásicos (CCA), situado na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). O corpus desta pesquisa é constituído pelos registros de 6 encontros mensais do CCA (que totalizam 12 horas de transcrição), pertencentes ao acervo de dados linguístico-interacionais AphasiAcervus, que constitui os corpora de pesquisas coordenadas pela Profa. Dra. Edwiges Maria Morato junto ao CCA. Os encontros em questão foram realizados do segundo semestre de 2008 ¿ que corresponde ao período do ingresso de EC no grupo do qual participa ¿ ao segundo semestre de 2010. Os resultados desta pesquisa foram obtidos através da análise não apenas qualitativa mas também descritiva e quantitativa dos dados, com vistas tanto ao detalhamento da descrição quanto à visibilidade das ocorrências e do estatuto da partícula le na fala de EC. Após o levantamento e a análise das ocorrências do fenômeno na fala de EC, chegou-se à conclusão de que esse elemento atua de maneira plurifuncional: ele tem o papel de estruturador de margem esquerda nos níveis do sintagma, da sentença e no nível morfofonológico, o que mostra que EC não está despojada de uma consciência gramatical, operando com o princípio de constituência; ao mesmo tempo, ele funciona como uma espécie de prompting, que a auxilia em sua dinâmica interaconal. É preciso ressaltar, no entanto, que ambas as funções operam conjuntamente e se complementam. Os dois fenômenos fazem parte de um mesmo funcionamento, sendo que um destaca aspectos da organização estrutural da fala de EC enquanto o outro destaca os ganhos conversacionais obtidos pelo uso do elemento le. Ao mesmo tempo que le preenche a margem esquerda de um sintagma, por exemplo, ele pode funcionar como um estímulo para a evocação do núcleo sintagmático, o que se observa nas pausas, nos prolongamentos vocálicos, etc. Esta dissertação tem como foco principal mostrar que a presença do elemento le, longe de ser uma mera excrescência na linguagem de EC, é fator de reorganização gramatical e discursiva, sendo possível destacar em sua produção vários aspectos (linguísticos, pragmáticos, textuais, comunicacionais, contextuais) ligados à competência na linguagem. Tomando-se a competência linguística não como uma faculdade mental inata, mas sim como prática, EC não deixa de atuar com e sobre a linguagem em suas práticas comunicacionais de forma criativa, colaborativa e apropriada aos propósitos conversacionais, fato evidenciado no uso estratégico da partícula le. Para analisar o fenômeno aqui descrito, foram evocados estudos conversacionais e sociocognitivos, sobretudo trabalhos que consideram os processos linguísticos e cognitivos tomados em contexto e em interação. Evocamos para nossa análise das ocorrências da partícula le algumas contribuições trazidas do Funcionalismo Linguístico, da Análise da Conversação e da Linguística Textual / Abstract: This work aims to describe and analyze the linguistic and pragmatic functions of the element `le¿, which is produced in the speech of EC, a participant at the Aphasics Conviviality Center (CCA), located at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The research data consists of the records of six CCA weekly meetings (which correspond to 12 hours of transcribed sessions) and is part of the collection of linguistic-interactional data called AphasiAcervus, data used in the researches led by Professor Dr. Edwiges Maria Morato. The sessions in question took place from the second half of 2008 ¿ the period in which EC joined her CCA group ¿ to the second half of 2010. The results of this research were obtained through the qualitative and descriptive analysis of the data so as to achieve a detailed description and provide visibility to the occurrences and to the status of the particle "le" in EC¿s speech. After the identification and analysis of the phenomenon¿s occurrences, the conclusion obtained was that this element operates in a multifunctional way. One of its roles is to structure the left margin at the phrase, sentence and morphophonological levels, which shows that EC is not deprived of a grammatical knowledge, since this structuring demonstrates the operation of the grammatical principle of constituency. At the same time, the particle works as a kind of prompting, which aids EC in the interactional dynamics. It is necessary to highlight that both functions operate jointly and are complementary; the first is related to aspects of the structural organization of EC¿s speech and the second is related to the conversational gains that the use of the element `le¿ provides. At the same time as `le¿ fills, for example, the left margin of a phrase, it can work as a stimulus for evoking the phrase nucleus; this is noted in speech pauses, vowel extension, etc. The focus of this dissertation is to show that the presence of the element `le¿, far from being a mere excrescence in EC¿s language, is a factor in grammatical and discursive reorganization, and that it is possible to highlight several aspects of its use (linguistic, pragmatic, textual, communicational, contextual) related to competence in language. Considering linguistic competence not as an innate mental faculty but rather as practice, EC dos not fail to act with and on language in the communication practices in a collaborative, creative manner, appropriate for the conversational purposes, a fact evidenced by the strategic use of the particle `le¿. For the analysis of the described phenomenon, conversational and sociocognitive studies were taken into account, especially the ones that consider linguistic and cognitive processes in context and interaction. A few contributions from Linguistic Functionalism, Conversation Analysis and Text Linguistics were considered in the analysis of the particle¿s occurrences / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestra em Linguística

Orientador: Edwiges Maria Morato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T14:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marinho_JuliadaSilva_D.pdf: 700267 bytes, checksum: 6b851d00958ad09222011907ae54e411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nosso propósito de empreender um estudo linguístico-interacional do prompting, bem como seus ganhos explicativos para o contexto das afasias, surgiu da imprecisão conceitual atualmente dispensada ao fenômeno. Grosso modo, o prompting é entendido como uma pista articulatória isto é, a execução, pelo interlocutor, do primeiro gesto ou das primeiras sequências de gestos que compõem as primeiras sílabas da palavra requerida. Não obstante a pouca clareza sobre os aspectos envolvidos em seu funcionamento, tem sido mencionado na literatura clínica quando da referência às estratégias terapêuticas utilizadas na recuperação da linguagem por afásicos. Via de regra, nesses estudos, o terapeuta fornece ou estimula o prompting oral ou escrito ao paciente. Com isso, perdem-se de vista vários aspectos constitutivos do fenômeno. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo qualificar e caracterizar a emergência do prompting na linguagem de afásicos em meio às atividades interativas desenvolvidas no Programa de Linguagem do Centro de Convivência de Afásicos (CCA), localizado no Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem/Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IEL/UNICAMP). Ao tomá-lo como fenômeno a ser analisado, pretendemos definir melhor os contornos conceituais e explicativos do prompting, em suas diversas configurações e modalidades, descrevendo as condições e o contexto lingüístico-interacional propício a sua ocorrência, bem como a sua relação com as características de linguagem dos sujeitos afásicos. Além disso, objetivamos a caracterizar o que motiva os afásicos a selecionarem, na resposta ao prompting, por uma produção oral, escrita ou gestual. O empreendimento analítico das implicações do prompting permite-nos uma melhor compreensão do que ocorre mais especificamente no contexto das afasias, a fim de que possamos estabelecer as relações necessárias acerca do fenômeno e possamos, com isso, agregar novos conhecimentos para a área dos estudos interacionais e conversacionais no campo da Linguística, além de contribuir para as investigações clínicas que objetivam a auxiliar os afásicos em suas dificuldades de comunicação e significação / Abstract: Our purpose in undertaking a linguistic-interactional study of verbal prompting, as well as its explanatory gains for the context of aphasia research, has arisen from the conceptual imprecision of the phenomenon. Roughly speaking, prompting is understood as an articulation cue, that is, the execution by the recipient, or the first act of the first sequences of gestures that forms the first syllables of the word required. The lack of clarity on some aspects involved in its functioning, verbal prompting is usually mentioned in the clinics literature when one refers to the therapeutical strategies used in language recovery by aphasics. As a rule in these studies the therapist provides or stimulates spoken or written prompting to the patient. Therefore various aspects of the phenomenon are lost of sight. This research aims to describe and characterize the emergence of prompting in aphasic language through interactive activities developed in the Language program of Centro de Convivência de afásicos (CCA), located at the Institute of Language Studies/ Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IEL/Unicamp). By taking it as a phenomenon to be analyzed, we intend to further define and explain the conceptual contours of prompting, in its various settings and types, describing the conditions and interactional-linguistic context to its occurrence and its relationship with the characteristics of the aphasic language. Furthermore, we aimed to characterize what motivates aphasics to choose, in response to prompting by an oral production, written or sign language. The development of the analytical implications of prompting allows us as better understanding of what occurs specifically in the context of aphasia, in order that we may establish the necessary links about the phenomenon and can, therefore, besides adding new knowledge to the area of interactional and conversational studies in the field of linguistics, contribute to the clinical investigations that aim to assist aphasic subjects in their difficulties to communicate and significate / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutora em Linguística

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a brief embedded teaching procedure, involving least-to-most prompting, for two paraprofessional staff in order to increase independent responses of two children diagnosed with autism in an inclusive setting. Training was given using a behavioral skills training approach, involving instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. The staff were trained to use the SWAT procedure used by Parsons, Reid and Lattimore (2009). A multiple baseline design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effects of the embedded teaching procedure. Maintenance of training effects was evaluated two weeks following the end of the study. After training of the brief embedded prompting procedure and during the following up probes, both students showed increased independence in each skill that staff were trained to teach.

The focus of the current study was to determine the most effective way to teach tacts, or labels, to children with autism who have a language deficit. Two participants were included in the study, which compared two prompting procedures, the verbal prompting condition and the gestural prompting condition.The verbal prompting condition included presenting a target picture and the verbal prompt, What is it? In the gestural prompting condition, a picture was presented, but rather than the verbal prompt, a pointing prompt was offered. Approximately 32 sessions were conducted 2-3 times per week. The effects of the two interventions were evaluated using an alternating treatment design.The results showed that both participants could effectively gain new tacts,or labels, regardless of the prompting condition.

The use of a simultaneous prompting procedure for teaching choice-making skills using an iPad to high-school students with moderate intellectual disabilities was evaluated. The Proloquo2Go application, which is designed for use with the iPad, iPod touch, or iPhone as an augmentative alternative communication system for individuals with communication support needs, was used to communicate choices made by participants during sessions. A multiple-probe design across 3 participants was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the simultaneous prompting instructional procedure to teach independent choice making. Results indicate the procedure was effective for teaching all participants to use an iPad to make choices from foods and drinks available for lunch, and 2 participants generalized choice-making skills to a novel set of stimuli.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple exemplar training in establishing comparative relations of faster and slower as a generalized operant in children with autism. The current study employed a multiple baseline across participants to evaluate the effectiveness of the multiple exemplar training procedures. The participants used in the study were 3 children diagnosed with Autism. The baseline phase consisted of 4-trial blocks; this was done by presenting each stimulus once for AB- relation. Participants were trained comparative relations of faster and slower with one set of stimuli, and test probes were conducted with a novel, untrained set of stimuli to evaluate the degree to which participants responding generalized. This sequence was repeated for the duration of baseline. Y/Z relation remained at low levels during baseline and was only used to see if the skill generalized. The results suggest the procedures were effective for teaching comparative relations for 3 of the 3 participants. Additionally, 3 of the participants responded correctly to the test relations, supporting the use of the procedures in prompting generalized relational responding. An implication is that we can utilize these procedures to establish relational responding in children with autism.

No description available.