Sustainable Development is one of the most important arguments now a day. How we can make our world more sustainable in nature is the most significant phenomena for all of us. It is very difficult to transform the old, traditional and historically significant places to a more sustainable and modern in nature without hampering their values and historic resources. Cultural significances of old historic places represent the sense of connectivity and provide a continuation of past experience to the present and future generations (ICOMOS, 1999). These are the old urban characters which shapes the modern urban culture and identity over the time. They should treat as the most important belongings of history to go forward towards more advanced future. Future is always shaped by the past. Hence if we forget our history; it would be very difficult to get proper guidelines for future development. It is necessary for us to preserve our deteriorating heritage resources to develop our own future. However, globalization, rapid and uncontrolled urbanization and technological advancement make these attempt challenging. Urban heritage conservation in a very integrated way would be one of the solutions for conserving old values and ideas with their own traditional nature. Conservation with sustainable manner should be taken as the top priority in all development planning agendas. Moreover, proper urban heritage conservation can help to transform historical places as the source of history, culture and socio-economic advancement for the local community and can change unsustainable community into more sustainable in nature. Dhaka is one of the major old cities in South Asia. It has a various combination of historic places and communities which give Dhaka a unique urban character. It has long history of urbanization and this urban growth pattern has influenced mainly by the topography, socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics along with inherent morphological quality. However over population growth, uncontrolled urbanization, poor infrastructure facilities and weak urban management contribute to deteriorating these urban heritages rapidly. There are several discussions about urban heritage conservation of developing countries but little discussions have found which has focused on the conservation with empowering local traditional economy to develop the sustainable community. By enhancing local economy through proper planning and policy and promote sustainable tourism can contribute to conserve heritage resources of Dhaka and support sustainable community development. Two historically significant communities are chosen for representing Dhaka‟s heritage which is unique in nature for their traditional professions, significant local arts, handmade crafts, life style, religious and social festivals, urban fabric and built heritage. These are Benarashi Palli at Mirpur and Shakhari Bazaar at old Dhaka. They had a self-sustained economy in the past which becomes declining day by day due to rapid and poor urban development management and ignorance of historical values and ideas. However, still these two communities are trying to survive with their own efforts and make them represented of the glorious past to us. The main focus of this study is to revive their past well-sustained economic conditions with proper conservation of heritage resources and community participation. At the same time explore several guidelines of comprehensive conservation for sustainable urban community in Dhaka. The research identifies that there is a severe lacking of integrated conservation policies in Dhaka. In fact, the importance of heritage conservation is still very far away from national planning policies in Bangladesh. Dhaka has several development control agencies however; they are not so well-integrated and well-organized to provide a comprehensive heritage planning policies for Dhaka as well as Bangladesh. Moreover, incompetent rules and regulations with scattered organizations make this problem more severe. The study has tried to incorporate all these issues and formulate a comprehensive conservation planning for Benarashi Palli and Shakhari Bazaar as well as Dhaka. Furthermore, the study tries to accommodate sustainable tourism for providing a sustainable urban economy which has always ignored in Bangladesh context. However, tourism could be a strong way of promoting heritage conservation in Dhaka which has already followed by many developing countries in South Asia. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

published_or_final_version / Urban Design / Master / Master of Urban Design

An analysis of why cultural heritage sites are created, preserved, and developed is what concerns the pages of this study. It identifies patterns and shifts in cultural heritage preservation in the period between 1977 and 1999 in KwaZulu-Natal, and analyses the motivations for the preservation of cultural heritage. Using specific case studies, I argue that in KwaZulu-Natal political necessities and ideas of economic development largely motivated cultural heritage preservation. I also examine the (dis)connection between academic historians and cultural heritage preservation. I indicate that their (dis)connection with cultural heritage preservation, especially its motivations, was a complex one. I argue that in complex ways some academic historians were drawn into the tendencies that were characteristic of cultural heritage presentations of history in KwaZulu-Natal during this period. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.

In this thesis, we address the problem of digital intellectual property (IP) protection for the field programmable gate array (FPGA) designs. Substantial time and effort is required to the design complex circuits; thus, it makes sense to re-use these designs. An IP developer can sell his design to the companies and collect royalty. However, he needs to protect his work from security breach and piracy. The legal means of IP protection such as patents and license agreements are a deterrent to illegal IP circulation, but they are insufficient to detect an IP protection breach. Watermarking provides a means to identify the owner of a design. Firstly, we propose a watermarking technique that modifies the routing of an FPGA design to make it a function of the signature text. This watermarking technique is a type of constraint-based watermarking technique where we add a signature-based term to the routing cost function. Secondly, we need a method to verify the existence of the watermark in the design. To address this we propose a digital signature generation technique. This technique uses the switch state (ON/OFF) of certain switches on the routing to uniquely identify a design. Our results show less than 10% speed overhead for a minimum channel width routing. Increasing the channel width by unit length, we could watermark the design with a zero speed overhead. The increase in the wire length is negative for majority of the circuits. Our watermarking technique can be integrated into the current routing algorithm since it does not require an additional step for embedding the watermark. The overall design effort for routing a watermarked design is equivalent to that of routing a non-watermarked design.

Orientador: Maria Tereza Duarte Paes Luchiari / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T20:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_CarlosMuriloPrado_M.pdf: 6227405 bytes, checksum: 4bf35669ee1ff444b5bc7cf19daa13f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A sociedade contemporânea vem passando por um período de rápidas transformações em que a valorização do entretenimento, associado ao espetáculo, desponta como a grande panacéia do século XXI. O turismo como vetor de desenvolvimento econômico passa a ser divulgado e incorporado pelas políticas públicas e estratégias econômicas. Em um momento em que a produção de imagens assume uma posição estratégica no planejamento urbano, a espetacularização do patrimônio cultural passou a ser uma ferramenta primordial na refuncionalização do território com vistas ao desenvolvimento local por meio do desenvolvimento do turismo. Com o fito de desmistificar as construções simbólicas a respeito do turismo como a melhor saída ao desenvolvimento local e à preservação, procuramos analisar a atividade turística como uma prática que produz e consome espaço, buscando abordar o patrimônio como um conjunto de formas-conteúdo da cidade (Santos 2002), considerando o espaço uma construção permanente, resultante de um conteúdo social variável. Desse modo, baseado no processo de preservação e refuncionalização do patrimônio em função da atividade turística, buscamos realizar um diálogo entre ciência geográfica e o desenvolvimento local. São estas reflexões a respeito das novas funções e usos atribuídos ao patrimônio do lugar São Luiz do Paraitinga que orientam nossas pesquisas / Abstract: The contemporary society has been going through a period of fast transformations in which the appraisal of the entertainment, associated with the spectacle, appears as the big XXI century panacea. The tourism as a power of economic development turns to be promoted and incorporated by the public policies and economic strategies. In a moment in which the image production assumes a strategical position in the urban planning, the act of making the cultural patrimony a spectacle has started to be a primordial tool in the territory "refunctionalization" aiming the local development through the tourism development. With the purpose of desmystifying the simbolic constructions about the tourism as the best outlet to the local development and to the preservation, we endeavour to analyse the touristic activity as a practise that produces and consumes space, and we strive to treat the patrimony as a shapes-content assemblage (Santos, 2002), considering the space a permanent construction, offspring of a variable social content. Therefore, based in the process of preservation and "refunctionalization" of the patrimony subordinated to the touristic activity, we try to achieve a dialogue between the geographical science and the local development. These reflections around the new functions and usages attributed to the patrimony of São Luiz do Paraitinga are the ones which guide our researches / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

The Protection of Cultural Property during Occupation Cultural property represents an integral part of every nation, it completes the identity of the individual as well as that of humanity as a whole. Because of its specific character, it represents a unique and valuable source for the understanding of history, and creates a sense of belonging to a community, either in its national or in its worldwide sense. Cultural property has a special, irreplaceable meaning for society; its character, existence and continuity and must therefore be protected. The risks that cultural property faces are of two different kinds: either independent of human will or, on the other hand, connected with human activity. Dangers for cultural property are naturally present even during the time of peace. On the other hand, cultural property represents especially vulnerable objects during the time of armed conflict or occupation. Even though during the time of armed conflict the protection of human lives, especially of persons not involved in actual fighting, plays the paramount role, it is nevertheless important to provide protection to cultural property as well. The aim of my thesis is to provide an overview and framework of existing mechanisms for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict,...

Att genomföra tvingande marköverföring är något som inte tillämpas oftare än marköverföringar som har en överenskommelse mellan parterna. Trots det händer det att parterna inte kommer överens och att förrättningslantmätaren blir tvungen att genomföra handläggningen på ett sätt som resulterar i en tvingande marköverföring. Det är en komplicerad process som involverar speciella paragrafer för endast detta ändamål. Utöver det tillämpande kapitel ska förrättningslantmätaren även ta hänsyn till egendomsskyddet vilket härstammar i en av Sveriges grundlagar. Egendomsskyddet är ett villkor som trots sitt tidiga ursprung börjar bli mer aktuellt efter rättsfallet NJA 2018 s. 753. Målet med forskningen som författarna genomfört är att bidra till ett åskådliggörande av tydligare riktlinjer för hur förrättningslantmätare kan gå till väga i sin handläggning av tvingande marköverföring. Utifrån forskningens frågeställning presenteras förslag för hur och när proportionalitetsprincipen kan prövas. För att besvara forskningens frågeställning tillämpar författarna olika kvalitativa forskningsmetoder och jämför sedan dessa med varandra i framställandet av resultatet. En rättsdogmatisk metod har tillämpats genom en analys av hur paragrafer används i praktiken. Utöver detta har intervjuer tillsammans med förrättningslantmätare och jurister utförts. Författarna har intervjuat två yrkesgrupper för att diskutera ämnet utifrån olika yrkesgruppers synvinklar. Genomförandet grundas på ett semistrukturerat förhållningssätt och skedde via Skype och telefonkommunikation. Respondenternas svar och den rättsdogmatiska analysen visar på att förrättningslantmätare och domstolar är inne på samma spår för vilka villkor som ska prövas i tillämpandet av tvingande marköverföring. Resultatet visar dock på en otydlighet gällande när egendomsskyddet ska prövas och viktiga definitioner för prövningen i strikt mening. Slutsatserna av forskningen visar att NJA 1996 s. 110 fastslog att egendomsskyddet var uppfyllt genom prövning av 5 kap. Fastighetsbildningslagen (SFS 1970:988). För att fastställa en officiell prövningsordning i tvingande marköverföring behövs fler domslut och riktlinjer. Vad som är möjligt att göra inom ett relativt kort tidsspann är att utveckla befintlig handbok och fastställa definitionen för vad ett angeläget intresse innebär i fastighetsbildningskontext. / Conducting compulsory land transfer is something that is not applied more often than land transfers that have an agreement between the parties. Despite this, it does happen that the parties do not agree, and that the surveyor will have to carry out the handling in a way that results in a compulsory land transfer. It is a complicated process that involves special paragraphs for this purpose only. In addition to the applicable chapter, the surveyor must also consider the protection of property, which originates in Sweden's constitution. Property protection is a condition that, despite its early origins, is becoming more relevant after the NJA 2018 p. 753. The aim of the research conducted by the authors is to contribute to the elucidation of clearer guidelines for how surveyors can proceed in their handling of compulsory land transfer. Based on the research question, proposals are presented for how and when the principle of proportionality can be tested. To answer the research question, the authors apply different qualitative research methods and then compare these with each other in the preparation of the result. A legal dogmatic method has been applied through an analysis of how paragraphs are used in practice. In addition, interviews with surveyors and lawyers have been conducted. Why two different occupational groups were interviewed is to discuss the subject from the perspective of different occupational groups. The implementation is based on a semi-structured approach and took place through Skype and telephone communication. The respondents' responses and the legal dogmatic analysis show that surveyors and courts are on the same track for the conditions to be tested in the application of compulsory land transfer. However, the result shows an ambiguity regarding when the property protection is to be tested and important definitions for the test in the strict sense. The conclusions of the research show that NJA 1996 p.110 stated that the protection of property was fulfilled by examining Chapter 5. The Property Formation Act (SFS 1970:988). More judgments and guidelines are needed to establish an official review system in mandatory land transfer. What can be done within a relatively short span of time is to develop an existing handbook and to define the definition of what an important interest means in a real estate development context.

A dissertation submitted to the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, In fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg 2015 / What happens when a rural community expresses the need for a heritage centre? Located in the former Transkei homeland of the apartheid era, now in the Eastern Cape Province, Matatiele is one of many disadvantaged, though culturally rich, communities in South Africa. The region has received insufficient attention to its heritage concerns and has been neglected by government and by academics for decades. Motivated by the Mehloding Community Trust, a project run by the Matatiele community, this research addresses the local community’s perception of heritage. This includes, amongst other things, their views on heritage management strategies and in particular the significance of rock art. One hundred and forty individuals from fifteen selected villages were interviewed to ascertain their interest in a heritage centre by way of representing and managing their own heritage. This research, therefore, addresses the nature of community involvement in heritage management and archaeology in the south-eastern part South Africa.

How might ownership of intellectual property rights (IPRs) bring about sustainable socioeconomic development for women entrepreneurs in the emerging cosmetics sector of Nigeria? This research question is motivated by the observation that despite the very significant economic role women entrepreneurs in Third World countries play, their economic status remains low. This low status is a result of various factors including limited access to formal finance mechanisms, high cost of finance and other infrastructural deficiencies, as well gender discrimination. Since the protection of intellectual property (IP) is claimed to be an effective strategy to sustain the growth and development of entrepreneurship, in this thesis I examine whether the IP regime engenders the development of women entrepreneurs in Third World countries. Using trademarks as an exemplar of IPRs and a case study of women entrepreneurs producing cosmetics in Nigeria, I carry out a nuanced analysis that questions assumptions about the role of the IP regime in the improvement of women's businesses in Third World countries. Through an intersectional lens, I explore whether and/or how to localize IP's impact in the context of complex global issues regarding IP protection. Deploying feminist methodology guided by theoretical frameworks of feminist theory and Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL), this thesis draws attention to the politics of gender and racism in the IP system and how this is exacerbated for women entrepreneurs in Third World countries. The thesis while acknowledging the importance of IP protection, finds that the current IP regime does not accommodate the innovations of women entrepreneurs in Third World countries like Nigeria, that semi and informal IP appropriation like secrecy, are more utilized by women entrepreneurs, and that gender plays a significant role in their acquisition and exploitation of formal IPRs. The thesis concludes that the IP regime as currently framed plays no role in the development of women entrepreneurs in Third World countries, and recommends amongst others, that a gender based legislative impact assessment of IP laws be carried out in Nigeria to ensure gender transformative reforms, and that the content of IP education be revolutionized to reflect the realities of women entrepreneurship in Third World countries.