published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

This dissertation analyzes the prose works of the “Nova Novorum,” a fiction series created and published by José Ortega y Gasset between 1926 and 1929. This collection included six works by four authors, five of which will be discussed in this dissertation. Pedro Salinas’ Víspera del gozo (1926) inaugurated the series. Benjamín Jarnés published two works: El profesor inútil (1926) and Paula y Paulita (1929). Antonio Espina is also responsible for two works: Pájaro pinto (1927) and Luna de copas (1929). The dissertation is divided into five sections. The first chapter introduces the topic of avant-garde prose during the 1920s in Spain, and the concept of ekphrasis as a methodological approach. Prose authors of the avant-garde were prolific during the first third of the twentieth century in Spain. They produced a new aesthetic sensibility with their experimental narrations. All of the works analyzed are examined through the lens of ekphrasis, which is the verbal representation of visual representation. Chapter Two discusses three relational aspects of ekphrasis: word and image, time and space, and the hermeneutics of ekphrasis. The first section examines the difference between narration and description. The second explores the relationship between time and space and the implications of the fact that a visual object is normally associated with space, while a verbal representation is associated with time. This section examines how authors incorporate spatial techniques into their narrations in ways that are commonly employed by painters. The third section of Chapter Two examines iconology and the hermeneutics of ekphrasis and how the authors use the trope of mimesis not to imitate nature but rather to distort reality. Chapters Three, Four and Five closely examine the images described by each author. This study draws on understanding of ekphrasis from literary studies and art history as well as theories of the literary avant-garde that stems both from Europe and from Spain in particular. Ortega y Gasset’s ideas about the novel and the avant-garde informed the basic assumptions of the authors of the “Nova Novorum,” who often used ekphrasis as a means of avoiding narrative progress. In many cases of ekphrasis found in the “Nova Novorum” collection, the representations of art are deployed in the same way in which the authors utilize metaphor, as a means of digressing from the narrative. These ekphrastic moments allow each author to withdraw from or slow down the narration, providing the author with the opportunity to focus on the use of language itself.

One of the most peculiar developments of the wave of women's spirituality that swept across Europe during the thirteenth century was the popularity of the anchoritic lifestyle in England, a lifestyle that had a particular appeal for women. The anchorhold seems to epitomize the medieval (male) desire to enclose and control a woman's body to the maximum degree possible; it is an amazingly accurate metaphor for the tightly circumscribed lives of medieval religious women. Why, then, did so many women eagerly seek out and embrace such a confining lifestyle? Did women internalize the endless medieval rhetoric about bodily control and woman's lustful nature, to the point where they sought lifelong incarceration to avoid temptation and possible loss of control? Or is it possible that they had a higher motivation - that they sought a more intense experience of union with the divine, and believed that only in strict isolation could such a union be achieved?The popularity of anchoritic spirituality led to the creation of a specialized literary genre in Middle English: vernacular devotional prose for women. These mostly male-authored texts included guidebooks for enclosed life, meditations and prayers, lives of saints, and treatises on virginity. They describe and encourage a religious life for women that is both relational and mimetic: the bride of Christ is also encouraged to emulate Christ through her life of solitary penance and suffering. These two roles are analyzed through an examination of the texts of the Katherine Group, alongside the two themes that dominated medieval religious discourse as it applied to women: virginity and enclosure.Approaching the task from a broad interdisciplinary perspective, I employ a variety of theoretical tools, including cultural/historical, theological, linguistic, and feminist theories. My study analyzes medieval constructions of gender and virginity, and examines the anchoress as both a spiritual person and an embodied creature. In challenging traditional scholarship on and accepted views of medieval English women, I pose new questions about embodied spirituality from a medieval perspective, and offer a different perspective on a period of English history in which women recluses set the standard for holiness and sanctity.

Magistro darbo „Charles Baudelaire —modernus miesto poetas“ objektas — eilėraščiai proza rinkinyje „Paryžiaus Splinas“(Le Spleen de Paris“). Tikslas — atskleisti Ch. Baudelaire‘o eilėraščių proza žanrinius ypatumus, išryškinti paraleles bei skirtumus su eilėraščių rinkiniu „Blogio gėlės“ („Les Fleurs du Mal“). Žanriniu aspektu eilėraštis proza nėra susilaukęs didelių tyrinėjimų. Apie lietuviškojo eilėraščio proza ištakas bei pirmuosius bandymus rašė V. Daujotytė, V. Kubilius. Apie prancūziškuosius — A. Athys, M. Sandras, P. Labarthe ir kiti. Baudelaire‘as laikomas vienu šio žanro pradininkų prancūzų literatūroje, jo eilėraštį proza tituluoja „miesto kūdikiu“. Šiame darbe į eilėraštį proza žvelgiama semantiniu aspektu, akcentuojama miesto tema kūryboje. Darbą sudaro: įvadas, penkios dalys, kuriose aptariama eilėraščio proza išskirtinumas, erdvės, laiko ypatumai, Paryžiaus Splino kaip neišgydomos ligos, apimančios miestietį, simptomai ir būdai pabėgti nuo jo, nagrinėjama Dievo ir šėtono kova. Baudelaire‘o požiūris į miestą yra prieštaringas. Jis Paryžių suvokia kaip destrukcijos šaltinį, tačiau visada pirmenybę teikia būtent miestui, civilizacijai, o ne gamtai. Eilėraščių proza kalbantysis — kūrėjas, poetas. Jis patas analizuoja jausenas Splino apimtame mieste, ieško būdų kaip pasveikti nuo šios ligos. Baudelaire‘as — prieblandos poetas, kurio eiliuotuose eilėraščiuose naktis lydima mirties ženklų, o eilėraščiuose proza suteikia subjektui atgaivą, išsilaisvinimą nuo nerimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the master work “Charles Baudelaire – a modern poet of the city” is poems prose in the collection “The Spleen of Paris” („Le Spleen de Paris“). The aim is to reveal genre peculiarities of Ch. Baudelaire‘s poems prose, to expose parallels and differences with the collection of poems “The Flowers of Evil“ („Les Fleurs du Mal“). The poem prose has not been studied widely. V. Daujotyte, V. Kubilius wrote about the sources and the first attempts with a Lithuanian poem prose. A. Athys, M. Sandras, P. Labarthe and others wrote about French ones. Baudelaire is considered as one of the initiators of this genre in French literature. His poem prose is titled “the baby of the city”. The poem prose is seen semantically in this work, emphasizing on the theme of a town in works. The work consists of: the introduction, five parts, where exclusiveness , spaces, peculiarities of the time, symptoms of the Spleen of Paris as an incurable disease covering the town, the ways helping to escape from it, the fight between God and Satan are analysed. The conclusions are drawn at the end of the work. The town is contradictory from Baudelaire’s point of view. He perceives Paris as the source of destruction, however he prefers the town, the civilisation to the nature. The speaker of poems prose is a creator, a poet. He analyses feelings in the city covered by the Spleen and looks for means helping to recover from this disease. Baudelaire is a poet of the twilight. The night is followed by... [to full text]

This dissertation will attempt to present the foundations of the positivist philosophy and worldview. It will also attempt to show the spread of Lithuanian positivism in the context of the dominant positivism of Russia and Poland, and to thoroughly examine the exploration and interpretation of positivism in the mind of Lithuanian fictional literary criticism. This study raises the question as to whether one can in general speak of the adoption of certain models of literature from didactic literature to positivist literature. Aside from discussing different time periods and different literary styles of the nineteenth century (the beginning of Lithuanian didactic literature, while the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance was still in its embryonic stage; the maturation of didactic literature and the beginning of the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance; and positivist literature as well as Lithuania's Cultural Renaissance in full force) this work also discusses the pieces having the characteristics of the positivist literature written during the prohibition of the press. The work will also attempt to explain what positivist personalities were significant during the second half of the nineteenth century, and to what professional and social groups these people belonged, along with reconstructing their aesthetic positivist program. This dissertation about the spread of positivism in the prose from the end of the nineteenth century is the first of its kind done in Lithuanian literary... [to full text] / Disertacijoje pristatomi pozityvizmo filosofijos ir pasaulėžiūros pagrindai, nagrinėjama lietuviškojo pozityvizmo sklaida Lenkijoje ir Rusijoje vyravusio pozityvizmo kontekste, nuosekliai apžvelgiamas pozityvizmo paieškų ir interpretavimo kelias lietuvių grožinės literatūros kritinėje mintyje. Studijoje keliams klausimas, ar apskritai galima kalbėti apie literatūrinių modelių perimamumą (didaktika  pozityvizmo literatūra), šalia pasirinktų skirtingų krypčių, skirtingo laikotarpio atraminių kūrinių (atstovaujančių lietuvių didaktinės literatūros pradžiai ir Atgimimo užuomazgoms; didaktinės literatūros brandai ir Atgimimo pradžiai; pozityvistinei literatūrai ir Atgimimui) aptariami ir spaudos draudimo laikotarpio pozityvistinių bruožų turintys kūriniai, aiškinamasi, kaip XIX a. pabaigos lietuvių literatūroje veikia personažai pozityvistai, kokioms jie priklauso profesinėms / socialinėms grupėms, rekonstruojama jų estetinė pozityvistinė programa. Disertacija apie pozityvizmo sklaidą lietuvių XIX a. pabaigos prozoje yra pirmoji tokio pobūdžio studija lietuvių literatūrologijoje. Išsami pozityvistinės gyvenimo sampratos programa Lietuvoje nebuvo suformuluota, tačiau ją galima rekonstruoti iš teiginių ir minčių, išsisklaidžiusių literatūros ir kultūros darbuotojų publicistiniuose, kritiniuose, sociologiniuose darbuose, o šio tyrimo atveju – grožinės literatūros kūriniuose. Disertacijoje siekiama nuosekliai apžvelgti ir apibendrinti pavienius pasisakymus ir įžvalgas pozityvizmo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Disertacijoje pristatomi pozityvizmo filosofijos ir pasaulėžiūros pagrindai, nagrinėjama lietuviškojo pozityvizmo sklaida Lenkijoje ir Rusijoje vyravusio pozityvizmo kontekste, nuosekliai apžvelgiamas pozityvizmo paieškų ir interpretavimo kelias lietuvių grožinės literatūros kritinėje mintyje. Studijoje keliams klausimas, ar apskritai galima kalbėti apie literatūrinių modelių perimamumą (didaktika  pozityvizmo literatūra), šalia pasirinktų skirtingų krypčių, skirtingo laikotarpio atraminių kūrinių (atstovaujančių lietuvių didaktinės literatūros pradžiai ir Atgimimo užuomazgoms; didaktinės literatūros brandai ir Atgimimo pradžiai; pozityvistinei literatūrai ir Atgimimui) aptariami ir spaudos draudimo laikotarpio pozityvistinių bruožų turintys kūriniai, aiškinamasi, kaip XIX a. pabaigos lietuvių literatūroje veikia personažai pozityvistai, kokioms jie priklauso profesinėms / socialinėms grupėms, rekonstruojama jų estetinė pozityvistinė programa. Disertacija apie pozityvizmo sklaidą lietuvių XIX a. pabaigos prozoje yra pirmoji tokio pobūdžio studija lietuvių literatūrologijoje. Išsami pozityvistinės gyvenimo sampratos programa Lietuvoje nebuvo suformuluota, tačiau ją galima rekonstruoti iš teiginių ir minčių, išsisklaidžiusių literatūros ir kultūros darbuotojų publicistiniuose, kritiniuose, sociologiniuose darbuose, o šio tyrimo atveju – grožinės literatūros kūriniuose. Disertacijoje siekiama nuosekliai apžvelgti ir apibendrinti pavienius pasisakymus ir įžvalgas pozityvizmo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This dissertation will attempt to present the foundations of the positivist philosophy and worldview. It will also attempt to show the spread of Lithuanian positivism in the context of the dominant positivism of Russia and Poland, and to thoroughly examine the exploration and interpretation of positivism in the mind of Lithuanian fictional literary criticism. This study raises the question as to whether one can in general speak of the adoption of certain models of literature from didactic literature to positivist literature. Aside from discussing different time periods and different literary styles of the nineteenth century (the beginning of Lithuanian didactic literature, while the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance was still in its embryonic stage; the maturation of didactic literature and the beginning of the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance; and positivist literature as well as Lithuania's Cultural Renaissance in full force) this work also discusses the pieces having the characteristics of the positivist literature written during the prohibition of the press. The work will also attempt to explain what positivist personalities were significant during the second half of the nineteenth century, and to what professional and social groups these people belonged, along with reconstructing their aesthetic positivist program. This dissertation about the spread of positivism in the prose from the end of the nineteenth century is the first of its kind done in Lithuanian literary... [to full text]

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal