Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Mécanique : Lille 1 : 2004. / N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3519. Résumé en français et en anglais. Curriculum vitae. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 127-132.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A região de Itutinga foi alvo de estudos prospectivos por parte da empresa BP mineração na década de 80, onde foram encontradas mineralizações em lentes de sulfetos metálicos (Zn-Cu-Ag-Fe) associados a rochas komatiíticas peridotíticas e basaltos toleíticos (anfibolitos) do greenstone belts, nas proximidades da fazenda São Jerônimo, enquadrando-se em um depósito do tipo VMS. A partir destas informações encontradas na literatura propôs-se estudar a estaurolita, a magnetita e a ilmenita para, a partir da determinação do seu conteúdo em zinco, indicar a aplicabilidade destes três minerais como traçadores desses tipos de depósitos. Para isso foram coletadas amostras de sedimentos de corrente e concentrados de batéia na região próxima à ocorrência, no entorno da cidade de Itutinga, e também em uma região próxima a cidade de Itumirim, já que existem semelhanças litológicas entre as duas áreas. Os sedimentos de corrente, as frações magnéticas e as frações de 0,3A (separador eletromagnético Frantz) foram enviados para análises químicas por absorção atômica e ICP-OES. Os concentrados de batéia foram descritos, separando-se cristais de estaurolita de cada amostra coletada, e analisando-os em MEV-EDS para determinação da química mineral. Os resultados dos sedimentos de corrente apontaram que os pontos da fazenda São Jerônimo (ME-03, Itutinga 51,7 ppm de Zn) e o ponto do Ribeirão Santa Cruz, (ME-06, Itumirim 36,1 ppm de Zn) foram os que apresentaram melhores resultados, indicando anomalias em zinco nas duas áreas estudadas . As estaurolitas, retiradas dos concentrados de batéia de cada ponto estudado, foram divididas em três conjuntos, de acordo com os teores de ZnO encontrados: 1 - entre 2,96% e 3,25% de ZnO em peso; 2 - entre 2,03% e 2,76% de ZnO em peso; 3 - < 1,67% de ZnO em peso, sendo comparável com outras estaurolitas encontradas em diversos depósitos de Zn do mundo, como Dry River, Austrália e Palmeirópolis Goiás. Assim, as estaurolitas apresentam bons resultados como minerais indicadores na área estudada. Em relação as magnetitas e ilmenitas estudadas, o número de amostras coletadas no presente estudo foram muito pequenas para se ter informações conclusivas sobre o papel destes minerais como traçadores. Por outro lado, os resultados das análises químicas nos concentrados de ilmenita (até 856 ppm de Zn) e nos concentrados de magnetita (até 216 ppm de Zn), indicam a disponibilidade deste metal nas áreas estudadas. Assim, é possível se detectar a presença do zinco por dois meios: através de sedimentos de corrente, através de halos de dispersão química do elemento zinco, e através dos minerais resistatos (estaurolita zincífera, magnetita e ilmenita), a partir de uma dispersão clástica do grão. / The Itutinga region was studied for BP mineration in 80s , where they found sulphide mineralization in lenses (Zn-Cu-Ag-Fe) associated with komatiitic peridotite rocks and tholeitic basalts (amphibolites) of greenstone belts, near of Fazenda São Jerônimo. With this information in the literature the propose is study the staurolite, magnetite and ilmenite for indicating the applicability of these three minerals as tracers of these types of mineralization. For this, samples of stream sediment and panning concentrates in the region near the city of Itutinga, and also in a region near the city of Itumirim. The stream current, magnetic fractions and ilmenite fractions were sent to chemistry analyses (Atomic absorption and ICP-OES), and the panning concentrates were analyzed for the separating of staurolite crystals, and sent to SEM-EDS. The stream sediments results showed that the point of Fazenda São Jerônimo (ME-03, Itutinga 51,7 ppm of Zn) and the point of Ribeirão Santa Cruz (ME-06, Itumirim 36,1 ppm of Zn) were presented the best result. The staurolite of panning concentrates were divided into three groups according to levels of ZnO matched: 1 - between 2.96% and 3.25% by weight of ZnO, 2 - from 2, 03% and 2.76% by weight of ZnO, 3 - <1.67% ZnO by weight, comparable with other staurolite found in many zinc deposits in the world, such as Dry River, Australia and Palmeirópolis Goiás. Thus, the staurolite show good results as indicator minerals in the area. With respect to magnetite and ilmenite concentrates, the number of samples collected in both areas was too small to have conclusive information. On the other hand, the results of the chemical ilmenite (up to 856 ppm Zn) and magnetite (up to 216 ppm Zn), indicate the availability of this metal in the areas studied. Thus, it is possible to detect the presence of zinc by two means: through stream sediments through chemical dispersion halos of zinc, minerals and through resistive minerals (zincian staurolite, magnetite and ilmenite), from a crystal clastic dispersion.

Orientadores: Martin Tygel, Rodrigo de Souza Portugal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T20:40:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CalleOchoa_AndresEduardo_M.pdf: 5418722 bytes, checksum: d570c726fc5841a6556ad52fca983209 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: o modelamento desempenha importante papel nos estudos de processamento e inversão de dados sísmicos. Muitos problemas complicados podem ser melhor atacados e entendidos quando os fenômenos de propagação de ondas envolvidos podem ser modelados, pelo menos em modelos geológicos mais simples. Tendo em vista ser o modelamento sísmico uma área de vasta aplicação e interesse, um grande número de pacotes computacionais existem capazes de oferecer sofisti-cadas capacitações para propósitos de modelagem. Esses pacotes são sujeitos entretanto, a severas limitações em sua utilização, não só devido aos seus altos custos, quanto também à inacessibi-lidade de seus códigos fonte. Por outro lado, as alternativas que existem, na forma de pacotes de uso livre, não representam substituição satisfatória. Isto porque os pacotes de modelamento disponíveis, geralmente desenvolvidos em ambientes científico-acadêmicos, não são suficiente-mente amigáveis e flexíveis, por exemplo na especificação de parâmetros de entrada, disposição gráfica de resultados, etc. o objetivo desta dissertação é investigar os principais problemas associados à construção de uma interface gráfica capaz de suportar uma variedade de programas de modelamento existentes e disponíveis como programas livres. Como resultado dessas investigações, é apresentada neste tra-balho a interface gráfica chamada InterSis. A interface InterSis foi construída de modo a aceitar, de forma simples e unificada, programas de modelamento destinados à propagação de ondas em meios 2D e 2.5D.InterSis foi desenvolvida utilizando os pacotes de domínio público GTK + (Graphical Tool/dt) e SU (Seismic Una). No seu presente estágio, InterSis é capaz de atuar como efetiva plataforma para os programas: (a) Seis88, um programa bem estabelecido de traçado de raios em mode-los elásticos e isotrópicos, desenvolvido por V. Cerveny e I. Psencík e (b) fd2d um programa de diferenças finitas para a equação de onda acústica, desenvolvido por 1. Costa. Como uma pro-priedade de particular interesse, InterSis utiliza a informação fomecida pelo programa Seis88 para computar os parâmetros do chamado método CRS (do Inglês Common-Reflection-Suiface). Desta forma, a interface proposta pode ser de valia nos estudos de imageamento e inversão que utilizam o método CRS. Vale notar que, devido à sua estrutura de caráter geral, InterSis pode ser bem adaptada a outros programas de modelamento / Abstract: Modelling plays an important role in seismie data processing and inversion. Several compli-cated problems can be better addressed and understood, when the wave propagation involved ean be modelled, at least in simple versions ofthe geological model. As a wide topie of application and interest, a number of commercial softwares exist that offer sophisticated capabilities for modelling purposes. These packages are subjected to a number of limitations on their use, not only of costs, but also because their source codes are not accessible. On the other hand, the few ahematives existo in the form of open packages do not represent an easy replacement. The available modelling codes, mainly developed within academie-scientific environments, are not friendly and flexible enough, e.g., in the specification of input parameters and display of resu1ts. The aim of this work is to investigate the main problems connected with the construction of a graphica1 interface that would be an useful support to a number of modelling programs available as open codes. As a result of the investigations, a graphical interface, ca1led InterSis, has been developed. InterSis ean accept and handle, in a simple and unified way,softwares that involves seismic modelling in 2D and 2.5D media. InterSis was developed using the public-domain softwares GTK + (Graphica/ Too/kit) and SU (Seismic Unix). In its present stage, it is able to be an effective platform for the following programs : (a) Seis88, a well-established ray-tracing program developed by v. Cerveny and I. PsenãK and (b) fd2d a finite-difference program for the acoustie wave equation developed by J. Costa. As a particular feature, InterSis uses the information provided by Seis88 to compute the parameters ofthe COmnJOlI-Rejlectioll-Surface (CRS) method. In this way, the proposed intedàce ean be useful to imaging and inversion studies based on the CRS method. It is to be noted that, due to its general s1ructure, InterSis can be well adapted to other modelling programs / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Prospektionen der Universität Leipzig im Umkreis des römischen vicus Belginum ergaben bei Wederath, Flur Hinterm Klop (Gde. Morbach, Kr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rheinland Pfalz) eine mutmaßliche villa rustica. Unterschiedlich große Steinkonzentrationen weisen auf ein Haupt- und mehrere Nebengebäude. Das Fundmaterial besteht vorwiegend aus Ziegeln (Dach-, Fußboden- und Hypokaustenziegeln) und relativ wenig Keramik. Die bestimmbare Keramik datiert in das 2./3. Jh. n. Chr. / Archaeological prospections by the University of Leipzig in the surroundings of the Roman vicus Belginum revealed near Wederath (Rhenania-Palatinate, Germany) a villa rustica. Stone concentrations of different dimensions are indicating the main and several minor buildings. The finds are consisting mainly of bricks and relatively few ceramic sherds. The ceramics are dating into the 2nd/3rd cent. AD.

Im Rahmen des mehrjährigen Prospektionsprogramms der Universität Leipzig im Bereich des römischen vicus Belginum (OT Wederath, Gde. Morbach, Kr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rheinland Pfalz) wurde im November 2007 der Bereich von Tempelbezirk 3 und seiner Umgebung begangen. Dieser Tempelbezirk liegt im Westen des vicus und ist bislang nur durch eine geophysikalische Prospektion bekannt. Die Begehungen erbrachten eine perfekte Übereinstimmung mit dem Magnetometerbild mit Konzentrationen im Bereich des gallorömischen Umgangstempels und der Temenosmauer. Die Funde ermöglichen eine Datierung in das 1. bis 2. und vielleicht das frühe 3. Jh. n. Chr. Bemerkenswert ist die Entdeckung mittel- und spätlatènezeitlicher Scherben des 3.-1. Jh. v. Chr. Sie weisen entweder auf eine ältere Besiedlung oder eine frühe Kulttätigkeit. / Since several years, the University of Leipzig is carrying out archaeological prospections in the Roman vicus Belginum and its surroundings (OT Wederath, Gde. Morbach, Kr. Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rhenania-Palatinate, Germany). In November 2007 the temple area 3 was prospected. This site is located at the western periphery of the vicus. It was until yet only known by geophysical prospection. The actual prospection showed a perfect coincidence of findings and the magnetometer plot. High frequencies of finds, mostly brick fragments, were found at the Temenos walls and the site of the Gallo-Roman temple. The few ceramic sherds are dating from the 1st to the 2nd, probably the early 3rd cent. AD. Remarkable was the find of hand-made pottery, dating into the middle and late Latène period (approx. 3rd-1st cent. BC).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Impulsivity, or the tendency to act prematurely without foresight, has been linked to a diverse range of pathological conditions. Foresight refers to the ability to envision future rewards and events (i.e. prospectively sample) and has been associated with decreased impulsivity. One form of impulsivity is measured by the ability to delay gratification and is often studied in the framework of Delay Discounting (DD). DD provides the means to study impulsivity in a number of pathological conditions. However, whether impulsivity precedes the development of pathological states or results from the pathological state itself is not fully understood. This necessitates an understanding of neurobiological mechanisms contributing to decision making in both non-impulsive as well as impulsive populations of individuals. Animal models allow invasive techniques to be used to dissect the neurocircuitry involved in decision making. Given that the decision-making process is an ongoing process rather than an isolated event, optogenetics provide the temporal and spatial specificity necessary for evaluating brain region specific contributions to decision making in DD. In the present study, optogenetics were used to assess the contribution of the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC), a brain region involved in ‘goal-directed’ behavior, in the planning of future choices (i.e. prospective plans) and subsequent measures of impulsivity in an adjusting amount DD procedure. Optogenetic inhibition of mPFC was conducted in Wistar rats during different epochs of a DD task in order to assess how mPFC affects planning behavior in a population of rat not considered to be highly impulsive. Although no direct effects on planning behavior (e.g. consistency) were observed, inhibiting mPFC after a trial has been initiated and directly before a choice was made (Epoch 2) was observed to increase measures of impulsivity in comparison to days where no optogenetic manipulation occurred in a delay-specific manner. This suggests that mPFC differentially contributes to decision making at different delays. A pattern of associations between choice latency, impulsivity, and consistency began to emerge for inactivation occurring in Epoch 2, suggesting that mPFC contributes to some aspect of planning choices during this epoch. Moreover, these results indicate that mPFC is involved in decision making in Wistar Rats. Understanding the direct role that mPFC plays in promoting choices of delayed rewards provides a neurobiological target for treatment aimed at reducing impulsivity in the clinical population.

No / In this article we assess the abilities of a new electromagnetic (EM) system, the CMD Mini-Explorer, for prospecting of archaeological features in Ireland and the UK. The Mini-Explorer is an EM probe which is primarily aimed at the environmental/geological prospecting market for the detection of pipes and geology. It has long been evident from the use of other EM devices that such an instrument might be suitable for shallow soil studies and applicable for archaeological prospecting. Of particular interest for the archaeological surveyor is the fact that the Mini-Explorer simultaneously obtains both quadrature (conductivity') and in-phase (relative to magnetic susceptibility') data from three depth levels. As the maximum depth range is probably about 1.5m, a comprehensive analysis of the subsoil within that range is possible. As with all EM devices the measurements require no contact with the ground, thereby negating the problem of high contact resistance that often besets earth resistance data during dry spells. The use of the CMD Mini-Explorer at a number of sites has demonstrated that it has the potential to detect a range of archaeological features and produces high-quality data that are comparable in quality to those obtained from standard earth resistance and magnetometer techniques. In theory the ability to measure two phenomena at three depths suggests that this type of instrument could reduce the number of poor outcomes that are the result of single measurement surveys. The high success rate reported here in the identification of buried archaeology using a multi-depth device that responds to the two most commonly mapped geophysical phenomena has implications for evaluation style surveys. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Wetlands play a crucial role not only as significant carbon sinks but also as natural archives of environmental and cultural history. However, investigating wetland sediments is challenging due to their complex stratigraphy and sensitive waterlogged conditions, requiring a specialised approach to subsurface exploration. This thesis investigates a unique wetland site using a multi-method approach that combines Electromagnetic Induction (EMI), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Direct Push (DP) sensing, and core drilling. The research comprehensively analyses the Holocene depositional history and evaluates the carbon storage capacity of the Verlorener Bach and Loosbach valley in the Bavarian Alpine foothills, with a focus on the Late Neolithic wetland settlement of Pestenacker, a UNESCO World Heritage site. i) Three primary stratigraphic units were identified: Pleistocene gravel deposits (unit I), organic- rich peat layers with freshwater carbonates (unit II), and overbank deposits with associated redeposited carbonates (unit III). EMI and ERT provided high-resolution spatial and vertical insights into the distribution and thickness of these units, leading to the creation of a validated 3D model of sediment stratigraphy. This revealed key transitions, including a significant Mid Holocene hydrological shift that halted peat formation in unit II. ii) Hydrological changes during the Mid Holocene were particularly influential in shaping the valley's stratigraphy. Increased precipitation and groundwater levels led to stream incision into the valley floor, which caused the drainage of peatlands (unit II) and the deposition of overbank deposits in unit III. These changes interrupted the accumulation of peat in unit II, transforming the landscape from a waterlogged, peat-forming environment into one dominated by fluvial processes and overbank deposits. This hydrological shift not only impacted peat development but also contributed to the environmental conditions that allowed for the Neolithic settlement of Pestenacker. iii) Geochemical analysis quantified the Total Carbon (TC) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) stored in unit II and III. The peat layers in unit II were found to contain an estimated 43 kt of TC and 35 kt of TOC across the 15-hectare study area. These high carbon values highlight the importance of the peatlands as significant carbon sinks, due to their ability to store large amounts of organic material. The carbon content of the peat is closely linked to the waterlogged conditions that prevent the oxidation and decomposition of organic matter. These findings not only emphasize the role of this wetland in carbon storage but also underline its vulnerability to environmental changes that can lead to carbon release.:Acknowledgements Abstract Kurzfassung Table of content List of Figures List of Tables Acronyms and Symbols 1. Introduction 1.1 Investigating Wetlands – Significances, Challenges and Advancements 1.1.1 Importance of Wetlands as Environmental and Cultural Archives 1.1.2 Challenges in Investigating Wetlands 1.1.3 Multi-Method Investigation Approach 1.2 The Study Site 1.2.1 The Neolithic Settlement Site of Pestenacker 1.2.2 Geographical setting 1.3 Thesis Objectives 2. Published Studies 2.1 Compilation of different data sets of the Late Neolithic wetland site of Pestenacker and of the adjacent valley depositions 2.2 A hydrological tipping point and onset of Neolithic wetland occupation in Pestenacker (Lech catchment, S Germany) 2.3 Determining carbon storage of a complex peat stratigraphy using non- and minimal-invasive geophysical prospection techniques (Verlorener Bach and Loosbach valleys, southern Germany) 3. Discussion 3.1 Methodological Advancements: The Strength of a Multi-Method Approach 3.2 Stratigraphic Evolution of the Study Area 3.2.1 First stratigraphic shift: From the Pleistocene to the Early Holocene 3.2.2 Second stratigraphic Shift: The Mid Holocene Hydrological Tipping Point 3.3 Carbon Storage in Wetlands 3.4 Future Research Directions 3.4.1 Enhanced Direct Push Capabilities 3.4.2 Future Directions in Geoarchaeological Methods in Pestenacker 3.4.3 Long-term Monitoring of Hydrological Dynamics 4. Conclusion References Appendix A1 Summary of the Thesis A2 Author's List of Publications A3 Information of the Thesis and Overview of included contributions A4 Declaration of Independent Work A5 Bibliographic Description A6 Curriculum Vitae / Feuchtgebiete spielen eine zentrale Rolle, nicht nur als bedeutende Kohlenstoffsenken, sondern auch als natürliche Archive für Umwelt- und Kulturgeschichte. Die Untersuchung von Feuchtbodensedimenten ist jedoch aufgrund ihrer komplexen Stratigraphie und empfindlichen, wasserreichen Bedingungen eine Herausforderung und erfordert angepasste Erkundungsmethoden. Diese Arbeit untersucht ein besonderes Feuchtgebiet mithilfe eines multimethodischen Ansatzes, der die Ergebnisse der elektromagnetischen Induktion (EMI), der elektrischen Widerstandstomographie (ERT), der Direct-Push-Technologie und klassischer Bohrkernuntersuchungen kombiniert. Die Studie analysiert umfassend die holozäne Talentwicklung und bewertet das Kohlenstoffspeicherpotenzial des Talsystems des Verlorenen Bachs und Loosbachs im bayerischen Alpenvorland. Im Fokus steht dabei die jungneolithische Feuchtbodensiedlung Pestenacker, eine UNESCO-Weltkulturerbestätte. i) Es werden drei primäre stratigraphische Einheiten identifiziert: pleistozäne glazi-fluviale Kiese (unit I), Niedermoortorfe mit Frischwassercarbonaten (unit II) und Überflutungssedimenten (unit III). Mithilfe von EMI und ERT lassen sich hochauflösende räumliche und vertikale Einblicke in die Verteilung und Mächtigkeit dieser Einheiten gewinnen, was zur Erstellung eines validierten 3D- Modells der Sedimentstratigraphie führt. Dabei werden bedeutende Übergänge sichtbar, darunter ein Kipppunkt im Mittleren Holozän, der die Torfbildung in unit II zum Stillstand bringt. ii) Die hydrologischen Veränderungen während des Mittleren Holozäns hatten einen besonders starken Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der Talstratigraphie. Erhöhte Niederschläge und steigende Grundwasserstände führten zur Eintiefung der Bäche in den Talboden, was die Entwässerung der Niedermoortorfe und die Ablagerung der Sedimente in unit III zur Folge hat. Diese Veränderungen beenden die Torfbildung in unit II und verwandelten die Landschaft von einem wasserreichen Niedermoor in ein von Überflutungssedimenten und Flussaktivitäten geprägtes Gebiet. Dieser hydrologische Wandel schuf die Umweltbedingungen, die es den Menschen der Altheimer Kultur ermöglichen, in diesem Gebiet zu siedeln. iii) Geochemische Analysen zeigen, dass die Torfschichten in unit II schätzungsweise 43 kt an Kohlenstoff (TC) und 35 kt an organischen Kohlenstoff (TOC) auf der 15 Hektar großen Untersuchungsfläche speichern. Diese hohen Kohlenstoffgehalte unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Niedermoortorfe als Kohlenstoffsenken, da sie in der Lage sind, große Mengen organischen Materials zu speichern. Der Kohlenstoffgehalt des Torfs ist eng mit den wasserreichen Bedingungen verknüpft, die die Oxidation und den Abbau organischer Substanzen verhindern. Diese Ergebnisse betonen nicht nur die Rolle dieses Feuchtgebietes bei der Kohlenstoffspeicherung, sondern auch seiner Anfälligkeit gegenüber Umweltveränderungen, die zur Freisetzung von gespeichertem Kohlenstoff führen könnten.:Acknowledgements Abstract Kurzfassung Table of content List of Figures List of Tables Acronyms and Symbols 1. Introduction 1.1 Investigating Wetlands – Significances, Challenges and Advancements 1.1.1 Importance of Wetlands as Environmental and Cultural Archives 1.1.2 Challenges in Investigating Wetlands 1.1.3 Multi-Method Investigation Approach 1.2 The Study Site 1.2.1 The Neolithic Settlement Site of Pestenacker 1.2.2 Geographical setting 1.3 Thesis Objectives 2. Published Studies 2.1 Compilation of different data sets of the Late Neolithic wetland site of Pestenacker and of the adjacent valley depositions 2.2 A hydrological tipping point and onset of Neolithic wetland occupation in Pestenacker (Lech catchment, S Germany) 2.3 Determining carbon storage of a complex peat stratigraphy using non- and minimal-invasive geophysical prospection techniques (Verlorener Bach and Loosbach valleys, southern Germany) 3. Discussion 3.1 Methodological Advancements: The Strength of a Multi-Method Approach 3.2 Stratigraphic Evolution of the Study Area 3.2.1 First stratigraphic shift: From the Pleistocene to the Early Holocene 3.2.2 Second stratigraphic Shift: The Mid Holocene Hydrological Tipping Point 3.3 Carbon Storage in Wetlands 3.4 Future Research Directions 3.4.1 Enhanced Direct Push Capabilities 3.4.2 Future Directions in Geoarchaeological Methods in Pestenacker 3.4.3 Long-term Monitoring of Hydrological Dynamics 4. Conclusion References Appendix A1 Summary of the Thesis A2 Author's List of Publications A3 Information of the Thesis and Overview of included contributions A4 Declaration of Independent Work A5 Bibliographic Description A6 Curriculum Vitae

Η γεωφυσική διασκόπηση αποτελεί μια τεχνική διερεύνησης που χαρακτηρίζεται ως μη καταστροφική, με δυνατότητα εφαρμογής σε μεγάλη πλειονότητα προβλημάτων. Πραγματοποιήθηκε γεωφυσική έρευνα με εφαρμογή ηλεκτρικής χαρτογράφησης, ηλεκτρικής τομογραφίας, γεωραντάρ και καταγραφών εδαφικού θορύβου σε περιοχή της Πανεπιστημιούπολης. Σκοπός ήταν η λεπτομερής γεωφυσική διερεύνηση για τον εντοπισμό γεωλογικών ασυνεχειών στον ευρύτερο χώρο του Πανεπιστημίου. Οι προαναφερόμενες τεχνικές εφαρμόστηκαν στο πεδίο σε προκαθορισμένα γεωφυσικά δίκτυα (κάνναβοι) που απείχαν μεταξύ τους απόσταση 100 μέτρων, με σάρωση επάλληλων διατομών παράλληλα και κάθετα στην διεύθυνση του γεωμαγνητικού Βορρά. Ως πρώτη τεχνική επιλέχτηκε η ηλεκτρική χαρτογράφηση με χρήση της δίδυμης διάταξης και άνοιγμα ηλεκτροδίων 0.5-3 μέτρων, που απέδωσε την κατανομή της ηλεκτρικής αντίστασης του εδάφους επί οριζόντιου επιπέδου. Ως δεύτερη τεχνική εφαρμόστηκε η ηλεκτρική τομογραφία. Με χρήση 25 συνευθειακών ηλεκτροδίων σε απόσταση 1 μέτρου, μέσω της διάταξης Wenner-Schlumberger, επιτεύχθηκε η καταγραφή της κατανομής της φαινόμενης ειδικής αντίστασης επί κατακόρυφου επιπέδου και σε 8 διαφορετικά βάθη. Μέσω του ειδικού λογισμικού Res2DINV, υπολογίστηκε η τιμή της ειδικής ηλεκτρικής αντίστασης, με δημιουργία μαθηματικού προτύπου δύο διαστάσεων βασιζόμενο στα ελάχιστα τετράγωνα. Με την βοήθεια του ειδικού λογισμικού Geosoft Oasis Montaj, πραγματοποιήθηκε η επεξεργασία των δεδομένων της ηλεκτρικής χαρτογράφησης και της ειδικής ηλεκτρικής αντίστασης. Ως αποτέλεσμα ήταν η παραγωγή έγχρωμων χαρτών κατανομής της ηλεκτρικής αντίστασης, ενώ από την δεύτερη τεχνική παρήχθησαν οριζόντιες κατόψεις της ειδικής αντίστασης σε ορισμένο βάθος καθώς και τρισδιάστατη απεικόνιση αυτής. Οι γεωφυσικές έρευνες με χρήση του γεωραντάρ και των καταγραφών εδαφικού θορύβου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν επικουρικά για να ταυτοποιήσουν τα παραγόμενα αποτελέσματα των ηλεκτρικών μεθόδων γεωφυσικής διασκόπησης. Από την ερμηνεία των παραγόμενων χαρτών έγινε σαφής ο εντοπισμός της υπάρχουσας γεωλογικής ασυνέχειας στην παραπάνω περιοχή και κατασκευάστηκε τρισδιάστατο μοντέλο απεικόνισης κατανομής της ειδικής ηλεκτρικής αντίστασης. / Geophysical prospecting is a non catastrophic technique, which is applicable on a wide range of problems, including archaeological, environmental and geological problems. At Campus University of Patras, a detailed geophysical investigation applied in order to detect possible geological discontinuities, which produced serious problems at buildings and main roads of the Campus. As main technique used the electric mapping and electric imaging, which applied on already prepared geophysical grids by measuring parallel profiles with direction along and perpendicular to the geomagnetic north, while the two geophysical grids were 100 meters away each other. Firstly, an electric mapping procedure took place by using twin-probe array with four electrodes in distance between 0.5-3 meters. As a result was the recording of soil resistance on horizontal layer with constant depth. By processing the data through Geosoft Oasis Montaj software, the distribution of soil resistance was illustrated on color scale maps. Secondly, electric imaging technique applied with twenty-five equal space electrodes along straight lines, with one meter space by using the hybrid arrangement Wenner-Schlumberger. As a result was the recording of distribution of soil apparent resistivity on a vertical layer in eight separated depths. Resistivity calculated by processing imaging data with 2D mathematical algorithm based on least squares inversion (Res2Dinv). Further processing by Oasis Montaj, had as a result the production of horizontal slices and 3D maps, where the resistivity distribution was illustrated on separated depths, in color and grey schedule format. The combined geophysical investigation with the aid of ground penetrating radar and the HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) technique confirmed the existence of geological discontinuity.

L'extrémité septentrionale. du plateau du Bas-Dauphiné résulte d'une sédimentation molassique sableuse (Tartonien) de transition entre les faciès marins et deltaïques. La détermination de quelques fossiles dont Nassa michaudi, ainsi que la découverte d'une ancienne dune éolienne, précisent le contexte bio-géographique de cette époque. La morphologie actuelle est héritée des phases de retrait glaciaire au cours desquelles des réseaux hydrographiques se sont orientés vers le Nord-Ouest, parallèlement aux glaces de vallées. Les cours d'eau qui ont alors entaillé la molasse ont repris une direction d'écoulement Nord lors de la fonte des glaces de la dépression d'Aoste. Une période de sédimentation lacustre a peu à peu comblé cette cuvette, et s'est achevée par la progradation des alluvions du Rhône et du Guiers. Ces dépôts graveleux, reconnus par des sondages mécaniques et géophysiques, forment deux réservoirs aquifères indépendants épais d'une dizaine de mètres: l'un concerne la dépression du "couloir " des Avenières, l'autre la plaine d'Aoste dont l'étude par prospection électrique a révélé les zones préférentielles de chenalisation. L'alimentation des nappes qu'ils contiennent est assurée par des nappes adjacentes, d'extension limitée et par les écoulements issus des bassins-versants du Pissoud et de la Bièvre. Les relevés piézométriques et les mesures de paramètres hydrodynamiques effectuées sur leur zone de séparation (essais de pompage) ne révèlent pas de relation dynamique entre ces deux nappes. L'étude physico--chimique confirme leur indépendance. Leurs caractéristiques chimiques sont localement influencées par les minéralisations issues des zones d'alimentation. L'exploitation de ces nappes par les syndicats des eaux de la région reste tributaire de leurs zonations chimiques.