No description available.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer diagnoses and occurs in many men in the society with an increasing number. Prostate cancer leads mainly to incontinence problems and erectile changes. There are different types of treatment with a good survival rate. The life after treatment can may involve complications and a changed life situation. Purpose: To illuminate patients‘ experiences of living with prostate cancer. Method: A general literature study with inductive approach. The study relies on six articles with qualitative approach. The articles have been both reviewed and processed which lead to three head categories. Result: The categories where disease impact, relations and emotional impact. This gave an insight of means wellbeing, self image, the importance of relations, body changes and how the men went on with their life. Conclusion: The healthcare needs to treat the men better and accommodate more information. The healthcare needs an increased knowledge and understanding of the men’s condition and situation in order to provide better care. For the men it’s important to have someone to talk to and share experiences with, to better feel understood and find security and support. / Bakgrund: Prostatacancer är en av de vanligaste cancerformerna och drabbar många män i samhället och antalet fall stiger. Prostatacancer orsakar främst inkontinens och erektila förändringar. Det finns flera typer av behandlingar och överlevnadsstatistiken är god. Livet efter behandling kan innebära komplikationer och en förändrad livssituation. Syfte: Att belysa patientens erfarenheter av att leva med prostatacancer. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats. Studien bygger på sex artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna har både granskats och analyserats och resulterade i tre huvudkategorier. Resultat: Kategorierna varsjukdomspåverkan, relationer och emotionell påverkan. Detta ger en inblick i mäns välmående, självbild, relationers betydelse och påverkan, kroppsliga förändringar och hur männen går vidare med livet. Konklusion: Sjukvården behöver bemöta männen bättre och tillgodose mer information. Sjukvården behöver ökad kunskap och förståelse för männens mående och situation för att omvårdnaden ska bli bättre. För män är det viktigt att ha någon att pratamed och dela med sig av erfarenheter för att känna sig förstådd och finna trygghet och tröst.

Prostate tumor overexpressed 1 (PTOV1) is highly expressed in several forms of cancer. High expression of PTOV1 is associated with tumor aggressiveness in several tumor types, including ovarian and breast cancer. Currently, PTOV1 is known to act both as a translational and transcriptional regulator aiding in the expression of prosurvival genes. Although PTOV1 is known to pass in and out of the nucleus in a cell cycle-dependent manner, the regulation of PTOV1 activity is not well understood and here we identify 14-3-3 as a PTOV1 interactor and show that high levels of 14-3-3 expression, like PTOV1, correlate with prostate cancer progression. Further, we identify SGK2-mediated phosphorylation at S36 of PTOV1 that is required for 14-3-3 binding. Disruption of the PTOV1-14-3-3 interaction results in an accumulation of PTOV1 in the nucleus and a proteasome-dependent reduction in PTOV1 protein levels, which requires ubiquitination at K114 of PTOV1. We also observed HUWE1 as a PTOV1-interacting partner responsible for the degradation of PTOV1 through the proteasome. We show that loss of 14-3-3 binding leads to an increase in PTOV1-HUWE1 binding, suggesting that 14-3-3 stabilizes PTOV1 protein by sequestering PTOV1 in the cytosol and inhibiting its interaction with HUWE1. Finally, our data suggest that stabilization of the 14-3-3-bound form of PTOV1 promotes PTOV1-mediated expression of cJun. Together, these data support a model that explains how 14-3-3 and HUWE1 regulate the PTOV1 stability, localization, and function within the cell.

No description available.

Prostate cancer is the second most often diagnosed cancer and internationally the sixth foremost cause of cancer death in males, as of 2011. Within the United States it is the most common form of cancer in men with 186,000 new cases and with an overall 28,600 deaths in 2008, and it is the second leading kind of cancer-related death in men. The widespread threat that prostate cancer poses against men across the globe cannot be understated, and its initiation and progression must be understood in order to truly comprehend its implicated risks and possible forms of treatment. As its name implies, prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate gland located in the male reproductive system. Its progress starts when standard semen-secreting prostate gland cells mutate into cancer cells. Although its developments may start at the prostate gland, cancer cells may metastasize to other parts of the body through circulation systems such as the lymph nodes. The main sites of metastasis for prostate cancer include the adrenal gland, the bones, the liver and the lungs. Although there are treatments available for prostate cancer, there is no definitive cure. The primary goal of this project was to find an alternative form of treatment, which is what will be necessary to combat this cancer.

No description available.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer affecting men.In case of biochemical recurrence, positron emission tomography (PET) targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on prostate tumor cells is primarily used, in combination with computed tomography (CT), for detection and localization of recurrence. Research for optimizing a PSMA-ligand with high affinity for tumor cells and minimal excretion to the urinary bladder is constantly ongoing, in order to allow better evaluation of the prostate and nearby regions. One such ligand is 18F-PSMA-1007, which was expected to be excreted in the urinary bladder at a rate of 5-10%. However, after switching from diagnostic to low-dose CT, the elimination of 18F-PSMA-1007 in the bladder was higher than expected. Purpose: To evaluate whether hydration during the accumulation period could affect the activity concentration in the bladder. Materials and Methods: The study involved analyzing PET-CT scans obtained from two prostate cancer patient groups who underwent 18F-PSMA-1007-PET with low-dose CT. The groups consisted of 20 participants each, with one group hydrating during the tracer’s accumulation time, while scans from the comparison group were obtained from a time point where patients did not receive instructions about water intake. The amount of radioactivity was measured by placing a standardized 3.00 cm Volume of Interest (VOI) on the bladder, which was then adjusted based on the individual size and shape of the patients' bladder. From the VOI, a standardized uptake value (SUV) was determined, which can be represented as either SUVmean or SUVmax. These values represent the average tracer concentration within a VOI and the highest concentration of the tracer in the urinary bladder, respectively. Results: SUV in the urinary bladder was lower for the hydrated group, where the SUVmean was 1,55 vs 4,5 (p=0,011) for the non-hydrated group. Similar values were obtained for SUVmax, 2,3 vs 6,65 (p< 0,003). Conclusion: This retrospective study suggests that water intake during the accumulation period leads to significantly lower activity concentration in the bladder among these patients, which benefits the detection of recurrences in adjacent areas.

The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the different nerve-sparing techniques applied during radical prostatectomy and document their functional impact on postoperative outcomes. We performed a PubMed search of the literature using the keywords “nerve-sparing”, “techniques”, “prostatectomy” and “outcomes”. Other potentially eligible studies were retrieved using the reference list of the included studies. Nerve-sparing techniques can be distinguished based on the fascial planes of dissection (intrafascial, interfascial or extrafascial), the direction of dissection (retrograde or antegrade), the timing of the neurovascular bundle dissection off the prostate (early vs. late release), the use of cautery, the application of traction and the number of the neurovascular bundles which are preserved. Despite this rough categorisation, many techniques have been developed which cannot be integrated in one of the categories described above. Moreover, emerging technologies have entered the nerve-sparing field, making its future even more promising. Bilateral nerve-sparing of maximal extent, athermal dissection of the neurovascular bundles with avoidance of traction and utilization of the correct planes remain the basic principles for achieving optimum functional outcomes. Given that potency and continence outcomes after radical prostatectomy are multifactorial endpoints in addition to the difficulty in their postoperative assessment and the well-documented discrepancy existing in their definition, safe conclusions about the superiority of one technique over the other cannot be easily drawn. Further studies, comparing the different nerve-sparing techniques, are necessary.

Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-invasive technique producing a variety of biological effects by either thermal or mechanical mechanisms of ultrasound interaction with the targeted tissue. FUS could bring benefits, e.g., tumour sensitisation, immune stimulation, and targeted drug delivery, but investigation of FUS effects at the cellular level is still missing. New techniques are commonly tested in vitro on two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cancer cell culture models. The 3D tumour model—spheroid—is mainly utilised to mimic solid tumours from an architectural standpoint. It is a promising method to simulate the characteristics of tumours in vitro and their various responses to therapeutic alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of FUS on human prostate and glioblastoma cancer tumour spheroids in vitro. The experimental follow-up enclosed the measurements of spheroid integrity and growth kinetics, DNA damage, and cellular metabolic activity by measuring intracellular ATP content in the spheroids. Our results showed that pulsed FUS treatment induced molecular effects in 3D tumour models. With the disruption of the spheroid integrity, we observed an increase in DNA double-strand breaks, leading to damage in the cancer cells depending on the cancer cell type.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23567号 / 医博第4781号 / 新制||医||1054(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 花川 隆, 教授 永井 純正, 教授 渡邊 直樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DGAM