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Towards Closed-loop, Robot Assisted Percutaneous Interventions under MRI GuidancePatel, Niravkumar Amrutlal 19 April 2017 (has links)
Image guided therapy procedures under MRI guidance has been a focused research area over past decade. Also, over the last decade, various MRI guided robotic devices have been developed and used clinically for percutaneous interventions, such as prostate biopsy, brachytherapy, and tissue ablation. Though MRI provides better soft tissue contrast compared to Computed Tomography and Ultrasound, it poses various challenges like constrained space, less ergonomic patient access and limited material choices due to its high magnetic field. Even after, advancements in MRI compatible actuation methods and robotic devices using them, most MRI guided interventions are still open-loop in nature and relies on preoperative or intraoperative images. In this thesis, an intraoperative MRI guided robotic system for prostate biopsy comprising of an MRI compatible 4-DOF robotic manipulator, robot controller and control application with Clinical User Interface (CUI) and surgical planning applications (3DSlicer and RadVision) is presented. This system utilizes intraoperative images acquired after each full or partial needle insertion for needle tip localization. Presented system was approved by Institutional Review Board at Brigham and Women's Hospital(BWH) and has been used in 30 patient trials. Successful translation of such a system utilizing intraoperative MR images motivated towards the development of a system architecture for close-loop, real-time MRI guided percutaneous interventions. Robot assisted, close-loop intervention could help in accurate positioning and localization of the therapy delivery instrument, improve physician and patient comfort and allow real-time therapy monitoring. Also, utilizing real-time MR images could allow correction of surgical instrument trajectory and controlled therapy delivery. Two of the applications validating the presented architecture; closed-loop needle steering and MRI guided brain tumor ablation are demonstrated under real-time MRI guidance.
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Développement d'un système robotique pour la radiologie interventionnelle sous IRM / Development of a robotic assistant for MRI-guided interventionsAbdelaziz, Salih 29 November 2012 (has links)
La réalisation de gestes percutanés dans l’IRM ouvre la voie à des pratiques médicales prometteuses. En revanche, l’utilisation de l’IRM reste à ce jour limitée, et ce malgré l’intérêt en terme de qualité d’image. Cela est dû principalement à l’étroitesse du tunnel et à la complexité des gestes réalisés. Pour rendre accessibles de telles pratiques, une assistance robotique semble très pertinente. Pour le concepteur, la réalisation d’un système robotisé compatible IRM n’est pas une tâche facile, étant donné l’espace disponible et la présence d’un champ magnétique intense. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons développé un assistant robotique, MRGuide, dédié aux traitements du cancer de la prostate dans l’IRM. Il s'agit d'un manipulateur à câbles avec un actionnement déporté. Dans ce travail, de nombreuses contributions menant à la réalisation de ce prototypes ont présentées. Parmi celles‐ci, une instrumentation originale pour estimer la tension des câbles est proposée. Cette instrumentation est basée sur l’utilisation d’une structure en treillis, de mécanismes compliants et de capteurs de déplacement à technologie optique pour assurer la compatibilité avec le scanner. Pour optimiser la géométrie du robot et faciliter son intégration dans l'IRM, une démarche de conception des robots à câbles instrumentés est développée. Cette démarche est basée sur une approche par intervalles. D'autres contributions relatives à la caractérisation de l'espace de travail des robots à câbles instrumentés, à l'étalonnage des capteurs de tension et au développement d'une stratégie de commande adaptée au dispositif sont décrites. / Performing medical gestures under MRI is a promising medical approach. Todate, using MRI for interventions is still limited, despite the quality of the provided images. This limitation is mainly due to the confined physical space inside the tunnel and the complexity of the gestures. To make accessible such practices, a robotic assistance seems very relevant. However, it’s a challenge for the designer, given the limited space and the strong magnetic field inside the bore. In this context, we have developed an MR-‐compatible robotic assistant, named MRGuide, for prostate interventions. The robot is based on an original cable-‐ driven manipulator with a remote actuation. In this work, many contributions leading to the development of MRGuide are presented. One of these contributions lies in the use of an original instrumented structure to evaluate the cables tensions. This instrumentation is based on the use of a truss structure, compliant mechanisms and optical displacement sensors for MRcompatibility. In order to optimize the size of the robot and facilitate its integration in the scanner, a new design methodology using interval analysis has been developed. Other contributions related to the workspace characterization of instrumented cable-‐driven robots, the tension sensor calibration and the development of a new control strategy adapted to the device are described.
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