INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de próstata (CaP) é o tipo mais comum entre os tumores malignos que afetam o homem. Dentre as opções terapêuticas para o tratamento precoce do CaP, destaca-se o tratamento cirúrgico com resultados satisfatórios de até 94% de cura nos casos localizados. A ressecção cirúrgica do CaP pode ser feita por três abordagens principais: prostatectomia radical retropúbica (PRR), prostatectomia radical laparoscópica (PRL) e mais recentemente a prostatectomia radical laparoscópica robô assistida (PRAR). Uma vez que existem várias alternativas terapêuticas para esse tipo de câncer, a qualidade de vida e satisfação relacionadas à avaliação, tornam-se muito importantes nos diferentes tipos de técnicas cirúrgicas. OBJETIVO: Comparar a qualidade de vida e o índice de satisfação nos pacientes submetidos a PRR e PRAR através de um estudo prospectivo e aleatorizado. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Através do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), 200 pacientes com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de próstata localizado, foram selecionados de forma aleatória para participarem do estudo, sendo então encaminhados entre março de 2010 a janeiro de 2011 para o Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz (HAOC) para realizar PRAR, ou para o Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), para a realização de PRR. Todos os pacientes foram seguidos clinicamente de maneira padrão. Utilizamos questionário SF-36 da seguinte forma: no pré-operatório e no pós-operatório de 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 e 24 meses, além de outro elaborado para avaliar a satisfação dos pacientes no pós operatório de 6, 12 e 18 meses. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados estatisticamente com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foram então aplicados os questionários em 200 pacientes submetidos às cirurgias (grupos homogêneos com 100 pacientes para PRR e 100 para PRAR). De acordo com os domínios de qualidade de vida, os escores médios dos aspectos físicos, aspectos emocionais e saúde mental só variaram estatisticamente entre os momentos de avaliação, sendo os grupos iguais entre si para estes domínios. De acordo com aspectos sociais houve diferença entre os grupos independente do momento de avaliação, sendo maior nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia aberta (p = 0,016). O nível de escolaridade e a renda familiar dos pacientes que realizaram a cirurgia robótica são maiores que as dos pacientes que realizaram a cirurgia aberta (p = 0,044 e p = 0,029 respectivamente). De acordo com o grau de satisfação pós cirurgia, encontramos que os pacientes que fizeram cirurgia robótica apresentam um maior grau de satisfação com a cirurgia que aqueles submetidos a cirurgia aberta (p < 0,001). O que mais incomoda ou preocupa o paciente que realiza a cirurgia aberta é a disfunção erétil enquanto que nos pacientes que fazem à cirurgia robótica a preocupação se distribui entre cura, impotência e perda urinária. CONCLUSÃO: Demonstramos que a maioria dos aspectos de qualidade de vida são semelhantes entre os pacientes submetidos a PRR e PRAR com exceção dos aspectos sociais que foram maiores nos pacientes submetidos ao procedimento aberto, demonstramos ainda que o índice de satisfação dos pacientes é maior no procedimento robótico, entretanto a grande maioria dos pacientes realizariam o mesmo tratamento quando questionados / INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumors that affect man. Among the treatment options for early treatment of PCa, stands out the surgical treatment with satisfactory results, achieving cure results of up to 94% in localized cases. Surgical resection of PCa can be done through three main approaches, which are radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and more recently robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). Since there are several alternative therapies for this cancer, quality of life and satisfaction related to the evaluation of different types of surgery became very important. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the two most widely used techniques: RRP and RALRP through a prospective randomized study, checking the satisfaction and quality of life in patients who have undergone these treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The choice of surgical approach of the patient occurred randomly and the patients were selected through the Unified Health System (SUS) and sent to the Oswaldo Cruz Hospital (HAOC) for RALRP (robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy) or sent to the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP) for RRP (radical retropubic prostatectomy), between March 2010 and January 2011. All patients were followed clinically in a standard way through a questionnaire, SF-36 and a questionnaire to evaluate their satisfaction. It was also verified the level of regret in post-surgery within 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and the level of satisfaction was verified at 6 12 and 18 months post-surgery. The data were statistically evaluated with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: We then applied the questionnaires in 200 patients who underwent surgery, and 100 patients who underwent RRP and 100 patients who underwent RALRP. The groups were quite homogeneous. According to the domains of quality of life, the average scores of physical, emotional and mental health only varied significantly among time points of evaluation, and the groups were equal to each other for these domains. According to the social aspects there were differences between the groups regardless of the time of evaluation, being higher in patients who underwent open surgery (p = 0.016). The education level and family income of patients who underwent robotic surgery are higher than of patients who underwent open surgery (p = 0.044 and p = 0.029 respectively). According to the level of satisfaction post-surgery, we realized that robotic surgery patients have a higher level of satisfaction about the surgery than those undergone open surgery (p < 0.001). The most signicant thing that bothers or worries the open surgery patients is sexual impotence while in robotic surgery patients, the concern is distributed among cure, impotence and urinary incontinence. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that most aspects of quality of life are similar among patients undergoing RRP and RALRP except social aspects that were higher in patients undergone open surgery. We further demonstrated that the rate of satisfaction is higher in the robotic procedure patients. However, when questioned, the vast majority of patients would do the same treatment

Purpose: To evaluate the validity of the Gleason score after neoadjuvant hormonal treatment as predictor of diseasespecific mortality after radical prostatectomy. Patients and Methods: A total of 2,880 patients with a complete data set and a mean follow-up of 10.3 years were studied; 425 of them (15%) had a history of hormonal treatment prior to surgery. The cumulative incidence of deaths from prostate cancer was determined by univariate and multivariate competing risk analysis. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks were used to study combined effects of the variables on prostate cancer-specific mortality. Results: A higher portion of specimens with a history of neoadjuvant hormonal treatment were assigned Gleason scores of 8–10 (28 vs. 17%, p < 0.0001). The mortality curves in the Gleason score strata <8 vs. 8–10 were at large congruent in patients with and without neoadjuvant hormonal treatment. In patients with neoadjuvant hormonal treatment, a Gleason score of 8–10 was an independent predictor of prostate cancer-specific mortality; the hazard ratio was, however, somewhat lower than in patients without neoadjuvant hormonal treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that the prognostic value of the post-radical prostatectomy Gleason score is not meaningfully jeopardized by heterogeneous neoadjuvant hormonal treatment in a routine clinical setting.

Background: The best technique of radical prostatectomy – open retropubic versus robot-assisted surgery – is a subject of controversy. Patients and Methods: Between January 1st, 2007 and December 31st, 2011, 2,177 men underwent radical prostatectomy at our department. 252 (12%) cases were laparoscopic robot-assisted, the remainder open retropubic procedures. In Germany, certified prostate cancer centers are required to collect urinary tract-related outcome data after radical prostatectomy using the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. The questionnaire data were used to compare both surgical approaches concerning the urinary tractrelated outcome 1, 2 and 3 years postoperatively. Results: Neither the voiding score nor the incontinence score or the bother scale sum differed between the two cohorts at any of the measurement times. Conclusions: Concerning continence recovery, in this series, there were no detectable differences between robot-assisted and open radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: We compared the transperineal MRI/ultrasoundfusion biopsy (fusPbx) to transrectal systematic biopsy (sys-Pbx) in patients with previously negative biopsy and investigated the prediction of tumour aggressiveness with regard to radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen. Material and Methods: A total of 710 patients underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), which was evaluated in accordance with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS). The maximum PI-RADS (maxPI-RADS) was defined as the highest PI-RADS of all lesions detected in mpMRI. In case of proven prostate cancer (PCa) and performed RP, tumour grading of the biopsy specimen was compared to that of the RP. Significant PCa (csPCa) was defined according to Epstein criteria. Results: Overall, scPCa was detected in 40% of patients. The detection rate of scPCa was 33% for fusPbx and 25% for sysPbx alone (p < 0.005). Patients with a maxPI-RADS ≥3 and a prostate specific antigen (PSA)-density ≥0.2 ng/mL2 harboured more csPCa than those with a PSA-density < 0.2 ng/mL2 (41% [33/81] vs. 20% [48/248]; p < 0.001). Compared to the RP specimen (n = 140), the concordance of tumour grading was 48% (γ = 0.57), 36% (γ = 0.31) and 54% (γ = 0.6) in fusPbx, sysPbx and comPbx, respectively. Conclusions: The combination of fusPbx and sysPbx outperforms both biopsy modalities in patients with re-biopsy. Additionally, the PSA-density may represent a predictor for csPCa in patients with maxPI-RADS ≥3.

Background: Factors predicting survival in men with lymph node-positive prostate cancer are still poorly defined. Patients and Methods: 193 prostate cancer patients with histopathologically proven lymph node involvement with a median follow-up of 7.3 years were studied. 94% of patients received immediate hormonal therapy. Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated to evaluate overall survival rates and compared with the log-rank test. Cumulative disease-specific and competing mortality rates were calculated by competing risk analysis and compared with the Pepe-Mori test. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the independent significance of predictors of all-cause mortality. Results: Age (70 years or older vs. younger), Gleason score (8–10 vs. 7 or lower) and the number of involved nodes (3 or more vs. 1–2) were identified as independent predictors of all-cause mortality. When patients with 0–1 of these risk factors were compared with those with 2–3 risk factors, all-cause (rates after 10 years 21% vs. 71%, p < 0.0001), disease-specific (12 vs. 37%, p = 0.009) and competing mortality (9 vs. 33%, p = 0.02) differed significantly. Conclusions: Some of the excess mortality in patients with poor-risk lymph node-positive prostate cancer may be attributed to increased competing mortality, possibly caused by an interaction between comorbid diseases and hormonally treated persistent or progressive prostate cancer. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

There is increasing interest in the use of adjuvant hormonal therapies, which are given after the resection or destruction of all gross disease, in early-stage prostate cancer, as a significant proportion of patients experience progression and/or die from the disease despite undergoing therapy with curative intent. Several retrospective studies suggest that adjuvant hormonal therapy may improve long-term outcome after radical surgery in men with positive lymph nodes, although this approach has yet to be studied in a prospective setting. No studies of adjuvant therapy for patients with extracapsular extension at surgery have been completed, but in an interim analysis of an open controlled trial, adjuvant flutamide significantly improved progression-free survival at 4 years. Three prospective studies in the radiotherapy setting have shown that adjuvant luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist therapy significantly improves progression-free and/or overall survival. Future studies need to define patient subgroups who will benefit most from adjuvant therapy. The side effects of the different therapeutic options also need to be compared. It is hoped that many of the outstanding questions concerning adjuvant hormonal therapy will be answered by the ongoing Bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer Programme. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Objective: To assess in a prospective trial the influence of the amount of tissue resected at transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic enlargement on the symptom improvement as assessed by symptom scores. Methods: Between December 1996 and August 1998 a total of 138 men (mean age 68.2, range 53–89) with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement who underwent TURP participated in this prospective study. Patients were assessed preoperatively with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the American Urological Association Bother Score (AUA–BS) and the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index (BPH–II) as well as urinary flow rate measurements (Qmax) and prostate volume (PV) and residual urine determination by ultrasound. The amount of tissue resected was weighed. Patients were followed with reevaluation of Qmax, residual urine and the symptom and bother scores at 3 and 6 months. Results: A close correlation between preoperative PV (mean 49.0 ml, SD 22.0, range 13–140) and the resected tissue weight (RTW, mean 24.7 g, SD 18.0, range 6–128) was seen (r = 0.75, p<0.001). Age was correlated with preoperative PV (r = 0.23, p<0.05). While significant mean improvements in Qmax, residual volume and IPSS, AUA–BS and BPH–II were found 3 and 6 months postoperatively, a negative correlation was seen between the RTW and the IPSS, the AUA–BS and the BPH–II 3 months after TURP (r = –0.23, p<0.024; r = –0.23, p<0.025; r = –0.20, p = 0.05). No statistically significant correlation was seen between symptom change and the percentage of PV removed or the residual prostatic weight. Classification of the patients into groups depending on preoperative PV (<30, 31–50, 51–70 and >70 ml) showed a tendency for patients with larger PV to gain more symptom improvement postoperatively. Conclusions: Early symptom improvement after TURP will depend on the amount of tissue removed but the relationship is weak and affected by several other confounding factors. Apparently, the symptomatic improvement after TURP is not primarily dependent on the relative completeness of the resection. Patients with larger prostates and larger RTW tend to gain more symptomatic benefit from TURP than do patients with smaller prostates. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Belastungsharninkontinenz (BHI) geht mit einem großen Verlust an Lebensqualität einher. Während bei der Frau durch Einführung der suburethralen Schlingen auf der Grundlage der Integraltheorie (Petros und Ulmsten) seit Jahren eine wirksame Therapieoption der BHI existiert, gibt es für den Mann bisher kein derart gereiftes theoretisches Konzept zur Erklärung der Inkontinenzmechanismen. Ein bestehendes Problem ist hier die noch immer kontrovers diskutierte Mikroanatomie, vor allem aber die Verankerung und das funktionelles Zusammenspiel der Kontinenz erzeugenden Einzelstrukturen. Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist es, eine Analyse der anatomischen Schnittstellen zwischen Beckenwand und Organen im Spatium retropubicum (ventraler vesikourethraler Suspensionsapparat, VVUS) beim Mann durchzuführen, um eine Ableitung von Aufgaben bei der Miktion und Erzeugung von Kontinenz herzustellen. Fernziele sind dabei, klinisch brauchbare Therapieformen der männlichen BHI voranzutreiben und einen Nutzen für die anatomische Lehre abzuleiten. Methodisch basiert die Arbeit auf makroskopisch-anatomischen Präparationen der sogenannten „puboprostatischen Bänder“ (PPL), des Arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis (ATFP) und der Beckenfaszien, ferner des M. pubococcygeus an Alkohol- und Thiel-fixierten männlichen Becken (n=11) mit kontinuierlicher Fotodokumentation. Die histologische Analyse ausgewählter Gewebeblöcke dient der Festlegung von Kontaktstellen der einzelnen Gewebe. Ein Pool aus 650 Dünnschnittpräparaten in HE- und Crossmon-Färbung wurde durch immunhistochemisch mit α-SMCA-AK markierten Schnitten zur exakten Differenzierung der muskulären Grundstruktur komplettiert. Die Schnittstelle zur Klinik bildet eine Pilotserie von MRT-Untersuchungen des VVUS bei 3 gesunden männlichen Probanden, die mit dem Präparationssitus verglichen wurde und Potenzial für zukünftige Studien aufzeigt. Wesentliche Erkenntnisse sind: 1. „Puboprostatische Bänder“ existieren nicht. Ein Komplex aus Einzelstrukturen, die vor allem Assoziation zur Harnblase haben, bildet das makroskopische Korrelat. 2. Die Mm. pubovesicales zeigen einen fächerförmigen Verlauf, daher sollte eine Neubezeichnung als M. collaris vesicae erfolgen. 3. Der ATFP dient als Aponeurose für die Mm. pubovesicales neben der Stabilisierung des vesikourethralen Überganges. 4. Die Endopelvine Faszie existiert, sie trägt zum Erhalt einer bestimmten Höhenlage des vesikourethralen Überganges bei und stabilisiert die Urethra durch ihren langstreckigen lateralen Verlauf. Die Evaluation der Abbildungsweise des VVUS in anatomischen Lehrmedien ist der studentischen Ausbildung geschuldet. Dabei wird auf seine ungleiche Darstellung hingewiesen und eine Revision angeregt. Die Voraussetzung für die Optimierung der männlichen Harnkontinenz bleibt in jedem Fall die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Anatomie und Klinik bei der Aus- und Fortbildung.

Le carcinome intracanalaire de la prostate (intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, IDC-P) est un variant histologique agressif du cancer de la prostate retrouvé dans environ 20% des spécimens de prostatectomie radicale. L’incidence de l’IDC-P augmente avec l’évolution de la maladie, elle passe de 2% chez les patients avec des cancers localisés à faible risque à plus de 50% chez les patients avec des cancers métastatiques ou récurrents. Malgré l'association de l'IDC-P à la récidive biochimique, au développement de métastases, au décès lié au cancer et à une mauvaise réponse aux traitements standards, environ 40% des hommes avec des IDC-P n’ont pas encore récidivé après cinq ans de suivi. Une portion des hommes avec des IDC-P auraient donc une forme moins agressive de la maladie qui ne nécessite pas de traitement immédiat. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que l’IDC-P possède des caractéristiques qui permettent de stratifier les patients en catégories pertinentes pour la prise en charge. Nos objectifs étaient de (1) comparer l’infiltration leucocytaire de l’IDC-P à celui du cancer invasif habituel et le tissu bénin et (2) identifier des critères morphologiques dans l’IDC-P qui sont associés à la récidive. La première étude a été réalisée sur les spécimens de prostatectomie radicale provenant d’une cohorte de 96 patients avec des cancers de la prostate localement avancés. Nous avons marqué par immunohistochimie les cellules exprimant CD3 (lymphocytes T), CD8 (lymphocytes T cytotoxiques), CD45RO (lymphocytes T mémoires), FoxP3 (lymphocytes T régulateurs), CD68 (macrophages), CD163 (macrophages M2), CD209 (cellules dendritiques immatures) et CD83 (cellules dendritiques matures). Le nombre de cellules positives par mm2 a ensuite été calculé dans le tissu bénin, au niveau des marges tumorales, dans le cancer et dans l’IDC-P. L’IDC-P a été retrouvé chez 33 patients (34%). Dans l'ensemble, l'infiltrat immunitaire était similaire chez les patients IDC-P-positifs et IDC-P-négatifs. Cependant, les lymphocytes T FoxP3+ (p < 0,001), les macrophages CD68+ et CD163+ (p < 0,001 pour les deux) et les cellules dendritiques CD209+ et CD83+ (p = 0,002 et p = 0,013, respectivement) étaient moins abondants dans l'IDC-P que dans le cancer invasif adjacent. De plus, les patients ont été stratifiés selon la densité de cellules immunitaires dans l’ensemble de l’IDC-P ou dans les points chauds immunitaires, en patients avec des IDC-P immunologiquement « froids » ou « chauds », avec une tendance vers un meilleur pronostic pour les patients avec des IDC-P « froids ». Un point chaud immunitaire a été défini comme la densité de cellules immunitaires la plus élevée dans les plus grandes lésions d’IDC-P. Par ailleurs, les points chauds immunitaires CD68/CD163/CD209 sont associés au développement de métastases (p = 0,014) et aux décès liés au cancer de la prostate (p = 0,009). Dans la deuxième étude, la morphologie de l’IDC-P a été examinée sur des tissus, colorés à l’hématoxyline et l’éosine, provenant de spécimens de prostatectomies radicales de 108 hommes avec des IDC-P. Dans la cohorte test (n = 39), nous avons trouvé cinq critères morphologiques associés à une récidive biochimique précoce (avant 18 mois) : les canaux plus larges (> 573 µm de diamètre), la présence de cellules avec des noyaux à contours irréguliers, un score mitotique élevé (> 1,81 mitoses/mm2), la présence de petits vaisseaux sanguins et la présence de comédonécrose. Dans la cohorte de validation (n = 69), deux de ces critères, la présence de cellules avec des noyaux à contours irréguliers et de vaisseaux sanguins, étaient indépendamment associés à un risque accru de récidive biochimique (rapport de risque = 2,32, intervalle de confiance à 95% = 1,09–4,96, p = 0,029). De plus, lorsque nous combinons les critères, la présence de cellules avec des noyaux à contours irréguliers, de vaisseaux sanguins, de scores mitotiques élevés ou de comédonécrose est plus fortement associée à la récidive biochimique (rapport de risque = 2,74, intervalle de confiance à 95% = 1,21–6,19, p = 0,015). Notre étude sur l’infiltration leucocytaire de l’IDC-P est la première étude décrivant l’environnement immunitaire de l'IDC-P. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’infiltration immunitaire des IDC-P est distinct de celui du cancer invasif habituel. Nous avons montré que l’IDC-P peut être classé comme immunologiquement « froid » ou « chaud », selon les densités de cellules immunitaires. Dans notre étude, les points chauds immunitaires CD68/CD163/CD209 ont prédit la progression vers une maladie métastatique et la survie spécifique au cancer. D'autres études dans de plus grandes cohortes sont nécessaires pour évaluer l'utilité clinique d'analyser l’infiltration immunitaire de l'IDC-P pour mieux prédire le pronostic des patients et améliorer l'immunothérapie chez les patients avec des cancers de la prostate mortels. Par ailleurs, nos résultats sur les critères morphologiques de l’IDC-P suggèrent que l'IDC-P peut être classé comme à faible ou à haut risque de récidive. Nous proposons de combiner deux à quatre critères, dont la présence sont des prédicteurs indépendants de récidive biochimique, pour stratifier les hommes avec des IDC-P en fonction de leur statut de risque. Les critères morphologiques délétères identifiés peuvent être facilement évalués et devront être intégrés pour une application clinique après validation dans de plus grandes cohortes. / Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is an aggressive histological variant of prostate cancer detected in approximately 20% of radical prostatectomy specimens. The incidence of IDC-P increases with disease progression, from 2% in patients with low-risk localized cancers to more than 50% in patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. Despite the association of IDC-P with biochemical recurrence, the development of metastases, cancer-related death, and poor response to standard treatments, roughly 40% of men with IDC-P remain biochemical recurrence-free after 5 years of follow-up, therefore not necessarily needing the “aggressive” label. We hypothesized that IDC-P possesses features that allow patients to be stratified into relevant categories for cancer management. Our objectives were to (1) compare the leukocyte infiltration in the IDC-P to the one found in invasive cancer and in benign tissues and (2) identify morphological features in IDC-P that are associated with recurrence. The first study included radical prostatectomy specimens from a cohort of 96 patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD8 (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), CD45RO (memory T lymphocytes), FoxP3 (regulatory T lymphocytes), CD68 (macrophages), CD163 (M2 macrophages), CD209 (immature dendritic cells) and CD83 (mature dendritic cells) was performed. For each slide, the number of positive cells per mm2 in the benign tissues, tumor margins, cancer and IDC-P was calculated. IDC-P was found in a total of 33 patients (34%). Overall, the immune infiltrate was similar in the IDC-P-positive and the IDC-P-negative patients. However, FoxP3+ T cells (p < 0.001), CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages (p < 0.001 for both), and CD209+ and CD83+ dendritic cells (p = 0.002 and p = 0.013, respectively) were less abundant in the IDC-P than in the adjacent invasive cancer. Moreover, the patients were classified as having immunologically “cold” or “hot” IDC-P, according to the immune-cell densities averaged in the total IDC-P or in the immune hotspots. An immune hotspot was defined as the highest immune-cell density in the largest IDC-P lesions. Interestingly, the CD68/CD163/CD209-immune hotspots predicted metastatic dissemination (p = 0.014) and PCa-related death (p = 0.009) in a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In the second study, IDC-P morphology was analyzed on tissues, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, from radical prostatectomy specimens of 108 men with IDC-P. In the test cohort (n = 39), we found five morphological criteria associated with early biochemical recurrence (before 18 months): larger duct size (> 573 µm in diameter), the presence of cells with irregular nuclear contours, a high mitotic score (> 1.81 mitoses/mm2), the presence of small blood vessels and the presence of comedonecrosis. In the validation cohort (n = 69), two of these criteria, the presence of cells with irregular nuclear contours and blood vessels, were independently associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio = 2.32, 95% confidence interval = 1.09–4.96, p = 0.029). Additionally, when combining the criteria, the presence of any cells with irregular nuclear contours, blood vessels, high mitotic score, or comedonecrosis showed a stronger association with biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio = 2.74, confidence interval = 1.21–6.19, p = 0.015). Our study on the leukocyte infiltration of IDC-P is the first report describing the immune cell landscape of IDC-P. Our results suggest that the immune infiltrate of IDC-P is distinct from the one in the associated invasive prostate cancer. We showed that IDC-P can be classified as immunologically “cold” or “hot”, depending on the immune-cell densities. In our study, CD68/CD163/CD209-immune hotspots predicted progression to metastatic disease and cancer-specific survival. Further studies in larger cohorts are necessary to evaluate the clinical utility of assessing specific immune infiltrates in IDC-P with regards to patient prognosis and outcomes, and eventually, the use of immunotherapy for patients with lethal prostate cancers. Furthermore, our study on the morphology of IDC-P suggests that IDC-P can be classified as low versus high-risk of recurrence. We propose combining two to four criteria, whose presence are independent predictors of biochemical recurrence, to stratify men with IDC-P according to their risk status. The defined morphologic criteria can be easily assessed and should be integrated for clinical application following validation in larger cohorts.