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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A study of PbSnTe diode lasers fabricated by compositional interdiffusion technique

Al-Salhi, Mohammed January 1988 (has links)
No description available.
2

Multienergetic external-beam PIXE as a means of studying the surface enrichment effect in coins /

Perry, Scott E. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59).
3

Relativistic eikonal formalism applied to inclusive quasielastic proton-induced nuclear reactions

Titus, Nortin, P-D 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (Physics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation we present, for the first time, a relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation formalism to describe quasielastic proton-nucleus scattering. We start from a full many-body description of the transition matrix element and show systematically how to derive the equivalent two-body form. This procedure allows for a clear and unambiguous method to introduce relativistic distorted waves. It is shown that the polarized double differential cross section may be written as the contraction of two tensors namely, the hadronic tensor (describing the projectile and ejectile), and the polarization tensor describing the target nucleus. The basic nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction is described by the SPVAT or IA1 representation of the NN scattering matrix. Analytical expressions are derived for the polarization tensor using a Fermi gas model for the target nucleus. The nuclear distortion effects on the projectile and ejectile are described using the relativistic eikonal formalism. The expression for the double differential cross section is a nine dimensional oscillatory integral and an efficient procedure is developed to calculate this quantity. Comparison of Gaussian, Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo numerical integration schemes reveal that for this work, Gaussian quadrature is best suited for this problem. Traditional Gaussian quadrature is used to generate single variable functions whereby these functions are used in combination with modern software such as MATLAB to complete the computation of the full multidimensional integral in a reasonable amount of time. Even though the calculation of the cross section for a single value of the energy transfer is still time consuming, the computational time can be decreased by spreading the calculational burden across a number of nodes in a cluster computing system. A test calculation is performed whereby a proton with incident laboratory energy of 400 MeV is scattered off a 40Ca target nucleus at θcm = 40◦. For this reaction we calculate the unpolarized double differential cross section, as well as a complete set of spin observables namely Ay, Dℓ′,ℓ, Ds′s, Dnn,Ds′ℓ and Dℓ′s. We find that the distortions lead to a reduction of the unpolarized double differential cross section. On the other hand the spin observables are complex entities which show no uniformity in behaviour. However, the differences between the distorted wave spin observables and that of the plane wave observables are minor and we conclude that distortions have little effect on spin observables. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif bevat, vir die eerste keer, ’n relatiwistiese vervormdegolf impuls benadering formalisme vir die beskrywing van kwasielastiese proton-kern verstrooiing. Daar word aangetoon hoe om stapsgewys te gaan vanaf ’n veel-deeltjie beskrywing van die oorgangsmatriks element na die ekwivalente twee-deeltjie vorm. Hierdie metode laat toe dat die vervormde golwe op ’n duidelike en ondubbelsinnige manier ingevoer kan word. Daar word aangetoon dat die gepolariseerde dubbele differensiële kansvlak geskryf kan word as die kontraksie van twee tensore naamlik, die hadroniese tensor (wat die projektiel en uitgaande nukleon beskryf), sowel as die polarisasie tensor wat die kern beskryf. Die basiese kern-kern (NN) wisselwerking word beskryf deur gebruik te maak van die SPVAT of IA1 daarstelling van die NN verstrooiingsmatriks. Analitiese uitdrukkings word ook afgelei vir die polarisasie tensor binne die Fermi gas model. Die vervormdegolf beskrywing van die projektiel en uitgaande deeltjie word gedoen deur gebruik te maak van die eikonal vervormdegolf benadering. Die uitdrukking vir die ongepolariseerde dubbele differsieële kansvlak bevat ’n nege dimensioneële ossilatoriese integraal en ’n prakties-effektiewe prosedure is ontwikkel om hierdie waarneembare te bereken. Vegelyking van Gauss, Monte Carlo en kwasi-Monte Carlo numeriese integrasie tegnieke het uitgewys dat die Gauss integrasie tegniek die beste geskik is om die probleem op te los. Die gebruik van Gauss integrasie om funksies te bereken wat afhanklik is van net een veranderlike en dit te kombineer met moderne sagteware programme soos MATLAB laat ons toe om die gepolariseerde dubbele differensieële kansvlak te bekeren in ’n redelike tyd. Alhoewel die berekening van die kansvlak vir een waarde van die energie-oordrag nogsteeds tydrowend is, word dit bespoedig deur die berekeningslas te versprei oor ’n aantal nodusse in ’n rekenaarbondel sisteem. ’n Toets berekening word gedoen waarby ’n proton met inkomende laboratoriese energie van 400 MeV vanaf ’n 40Ca kern verstrooi word teen ’n hoek van θcm = 400. Vir hierdie reaksie word die ongepolariseerde dubbele differensieële kansvlak bereken sowel as ’n volledige stel spin waarneembares naamlik Ay, Dℓ′,ℓ, Ds′s, Dnn, Ds′ℓ en Dℓ′s. Daar word gevind dat die versteurings lei tot ’n afname in die differensieële kansvlak. Die spin waarneembares egter, is komplekse hoeveelhede wat geen univorme gedrag toon nie. Die verskil tussen die vervormde golf spin waarneembares en die van vlak golf waarneembares is minimaal en ons lei daarvan af dat spin waarneembares onsensitief is teen oor versteurings.
4

Virtual Studies of Nuclear Fission : A comparison of n- and p- induced fission using GEF

Gabro, Dany January 2017 (has links)
A General Description of Fission Observables (GEF) version 2016/1.2 is a software which simulates various types of fission. The main objective of this project is to compare the proton induced fission with the neutron induced fission of the same fissioning system. The proton induced fission was recently introduced to GEF and is relatively untested. Furthermore another task is to study the energy dependence in the same compound nucleus. The project will focus on simulating and comparing 238U(p,f) with 238Np(n,f) and 239Np*(f) as well as 232Th(p,f) with 232Pa(n,f) and 233Pa*(f ). The simulations were also compared to experimental data acquired by the division of applied nuclear physics at Uppsala University. The results show that the p-induced channel behaves very similar to the Compound Nucleus (CN) channel in contrary with the (n,f) channel. However when comparing the simulated data to the experimental data, there seems to be clear differences.
5

Quantification of trace metals in an adsorbent using proton induced x-ray emission

Yadav, Nirbhay N., University of Western Sydney, College of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Science, Food and Horticulture January 2005 (has links)
High-energy ion beam based proton induced x-ray (PIXE) is an ideal analytical tool suitable for simultaneous quantification of trace elements with high accuracy. The quantification of trace elements in solids using PIXE has been well established for over two decades. The main objective of this study is to extend this capability to solids with an inhomogeneous internal structure. In this study, pure GAC and PAC samples were soaked in known concentration of arsenic (As) solution and the trace amount of As uptake was determined during these exposures using PIXE, neutron activation analysis (NAA) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). There is a good agreement between the values and adsorption mechanisms derived from the NAA and pelletised PIXE measurements and some AAS measurements. Micro-PIXE was used to understand the discrepancies in the As adsorption on the pore and flat surfaces of GAC samples. / Master of Science (Hons) (Physics)
6

Untersuchungen zu den Reaktionen pp-->nK+Sigma+ und pp-->pK0Sigma+

Karsch, Leonhard 08 June 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Das Kuehlersynchrotron COSY im Forschungszentrum Juelich kann u.a. einen guten Protonenstrahl fuer Experimente zur Verfuegung stellen. An einem der Experimentierplaetze steht das Flugzeitspektrometer COSY-TOF. Es eignet sich hervorragend zur Untersuchung von Reaktionen, bei denen wenige Teilchen enstehen. Solange die entstehenden Teilchen einen Winkel von hoechstens 70 Grad mit Strahlachse einschliessen, werden diese nachgewiesen. Damit sind im schwellennahen Energiebereich die Flugzeit und Flugrichtung aller langlebigen Teilchen bestimmbar. Zum Nachweis kurzlebiger Teilchen gibt es einige Module im Flugzeitspektrometer zur Rekonstruktion der Flugrichtung. Die Arbeit untersucht zwei Reaktionen, bei denen Hyperonen entstehen: pp-->nK+Sigma+ und pp--> pK0Sigma+ bei einem Strahlimpuls von 2,95 GeV/c. Im schwellennahen Energiebereich liegen bisher keine (in Zeitschriften) veroeffentlichten Daten vor. Die Kenntnis der Reaktionsmechanismen sind jedoch wuenschenswert, um die physikalsiche Beschreibung in vielen Bereichen zu verbessern. Dazu gehoeren die Eigenschaften der Teilchen (Strangenessgehalt des Nukleons) und die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Teilchen (auch in extrem dichter Materie). In dieser Arbeit werden die zur Kalibrierung des Detektors notwendigen Schritte, die vom Autor durchgefuehrt wurden, erlaeutert. Im Anschluss wird die Analyse der Daten fuer ein Experiment ausfuehrlich vorgestellt. Durch einige Bedingungen wird erreicht, dass eine (nahezu) untergrundfreie Menge der gesuchten Ereignissen vorliegt. Die Anzahl der gefundenen Ereignisse laesst fuer die Reaktion pp--> nK+Sigma+ nur die Angabe eines totalen Wirkungsquerschnittes zu. Fuer die Reaktion pp--> pK0Sigma+ wird ebenfalls der totale Wirkungsquerschnitt bestimmt. Weiterhin werden Untersuchungen zum Reaktionsmechanismus durchgefuehrt. Dadurch wird ersichtlich, dass diese Reaktion einen starken resonanten Anteil im K0Sigma-System hat. Die Analyse wird auch auf zwei andere Experimente mit COSY-TOF angewendet. Das Auftreten hoeherer Drehimpulse ist erst bei groesseren Strahlimpulsen 3,2 GeV/c zu erkennen.
7

Utilization of Renal Slices to Evaluate the Efficacy of Chelating Agents for Removing Mercury From the Kidney

Keith, R. L., Setiarahardjo, I., Fernando, Q., Aposhian, H. V., Gandolfi, A. J. 15 January 1997 (has links)
Mercury is an environmental contaminant that preferentially accumulates in the kidney. It has been previously shown using proton-induced X-ray emission analysis that mercury (HgCl2) accumulated in precision-cut rabbit renal cortical slices. In this study, the efficacy of seven chelating agents for the removal of Hg from renal dices has been examined. Rabbits were injected with HgCl2 (10 mg/kg) and 3 h later kidneys were sliced, or renal slices were exposed in vitro to a mildly toxic concentration of HgCl2 (5 x 10-5 M, 4 h). The slices were then treated in vitro with 10 mM concentrations of EDTA, lipoic acid (LA), penicillamine (PA), glutathione (GSH), 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT), DMSA, or DMPS. DMPS proved to be the most effective in mobilizing Hg from in vivo or in vitro HgCl2-exposed renal tissue (>85% of control after 3 h incubation). Relative efficacies for the seven agents were DMPS > DMSA, PA > DTT, GSH > LA, EDTA. The use of renal slices appears to be a useful in vitro tool for assessing the efficacy of chelating agents on mobilizing accumulated Hg from renal tissue.
8

Quantification of trace metals in an adsorbent using proton induced x-ray emission

Yadav, Nirbhay Narayan. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.)(Hons) -- University of Western Sydney, 2005. / "A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours) Physics" Bibliography: leaves 101-108.
9

Untersuchungen zu den Reaktionen pp-->nK+Sigma+ und pp-->pK0Sigma+

Karsch, Leonhard 21 June 2005 (has links)
Das Kuehlersynchrotron COSY im Forschungszentrum Juelich kann u.a. einen guten Protonenstrahl fuer Experimente zur Verfuegung stellen. An einem der Experimentierplaetze steht das Flugzeitspektrometer COSY-TOF. Es eignet sich hervorragend zur Untersuchung von Reaktionen, bei denen wenige Teilchen enstehen. Solange die entstehenden Teilchen einen Winkel von hoechstens 70 Grad mit Strahlachse einschliessen, werden diese nachgewiesen. Damit sind im schwellennahen Energiebereich die Flugzeit und Flugrichtung aller langlebigen Teilchen bestimmbar. Zum Nachweis kurzlebiger Teilchen gibt es einige Module im Flugzeitspektrometer zur Rekonstruktion der Flugrichtung. Die Arbeit untersucht zwei Reaktionen, bei denen Hyperonen entstehen: pp-->nK+Sigma+ und pp--> pK0Sigma+ bei einem Strahlimpuls von 2,95 GeV/c. Im schwellennahen Energiebereich liegen bisher keine (in Zeitschriften) veroeffentlichten Daten vor. Die Kenntnis der Reaktionsmechanismen sind jedoch wuenschenswert, um die physikalsiche Beschreibung in vielen Bereichen zu verbessern. Dazu gehoeren die Eigenschaften der Teilchen (Strangenessgehalt des Nukleons) und die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Teilchen (auch in extrem dichter Materie). In dieser Arbeit werden die zur Kalibrierung des Detektors notwendigen Schritte, die vom Autor durchgefuehrt wurden, erlaeutert. Im Anschluss wird die Analyse der Daten fuer ein Experiment ausfuehrlich vorgestellt. Durch einige Bedingungen wird erreicht, dass eine (nahezu) untergrundfreie Menge der gesuchten Ereignissen vorliegt. Die Anzahl der gefundenen Ereignisse laesst fuer die Reaktion pp--> nK+Sigma+ nur die Angabe eines totalen Wirkungsquerschnittes zu. Fuer die Reaktion pp--> pK0Sigma+ wird ebenfalls der totale Wirkungsquerschnitt bestimmt. Weiterhin werden Untersuchungen zum Reaktionsmechanismus durchgefuehrt. Dadurch wird ersichtlich, dass diese Reaktion einen starken resonanten Anteil im K0Sigma-System hat. Die Analyse wird auch auf zwei andere Experimente mit COSY-TOF angewendet. Das Auftreten hoeherer Drehimpulse ist erst bei groesseren Strahlimpulsen 3,2 GeV/c zu erkennen.
10

Characterisation of ambient atmospheric aerosols using accelerator-based techniques

Sekonya, Kamela Godwin 15 April 2010 (has links)
Atmospheric haze, which builds up over South Africa including our study areas, Cape Town and the Mpumalanga Highveld under calm weather conditions, causes public concern. The scope of this study was to determine the concentration and composition of atmospheric aerosol at Khayelitsha (an urban site in the Western Cape) and Ferrobank (an industrial site in Witbank, Mpumalanga). Particulate matter was collected in Khayelitsha from 18 May 2007 to 20 July 2007 (i.e. 20 samples) using a Partisol-plus sampler and a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) sampler. Sampling took place at Ferrobank from 07 February 2008 to 11 March 2008 (6 samples) using a Partisol-plus sampler and an E-sampler. The gravimetric mass of each exposed sample was determined from pre- and post-sampling weighing. The elemental composition of the particulate matter was determined for 16 elements at Khayelitsha using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). The concentration of the elements Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Sn, and Pb was determined by analysing the PIXE spectra obtained. In similar manner, the elemental composition of the particulate matter was determined for 15 elements at Ferrobank (Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Br and Pb). The average aerosol mass concentrations for different days at the Khayelitsha site were found to vary between 8.5 μg/m3 and 124.38 μg/m3. At the Khayelitsha site on three occasions during the sampling campaign the average aerosol mass concentrations exceeded the current South African air quality standard of 75 μg/m3 over 24 h. At the Ferrobank site, there are no single days that exceeded the limit of the South African air quality standard during the sampling campaign. Enrichment factors for each element of the particles sampled with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) samples have been calculated in order to identify their possible sources. The analysis yielded five potential sources of PM10 : soil dust, sea salt, gasoline emissions, domestic wood and coal combustion. Interestingly, enrichment factor values for the Khayelitsha samples show that sea salt constitutes a major source of emissions, while Ferrobank samples, the source apportionment by unique ratios (SPUR) indicate soil dust and coal emission are the major sources of pollution. The source apportionment at Khayelitsha shows that sea salt and biomass burning are major source of air pollution.

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