Psykisk ohälsa är ett växande problem i samhället och allmänsjuksköterskan möter i sitt arbete dagligen människor med psykisk ohälsa. Dessa människor upplever sig ofta osynliga i samhället och upplever även förutfattade meningar i mötet med sjuksköterskan. Forskning idag utgår mindre ofta från perspektivet hos människor med psykisk ohälsa, vilket behövs för att omvårdnaden ska kunna utvecklas. Problematiken är att sjuksköterskan många gånger möter människor utifrån deras psykiska diagnos, istället för att möta dessa människor utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv. Examensarbetet beskriver hur vuxna människor med psykisk ohälsa kan uppleva mötet med sjuksköterskan. Två teman framkommer efter sammanställning av befintlig forskning. Vuxna människor med psykisk ohälsa upplever antingen sig sedda i mötet med sjuksköterskan eller en känsla av osynlighet. Känslan av att vara sedd uppkommer när sjuksköterskan bekräftar individen genom att vara öppensinnad. Sjuksköterskan lägger ner tid i mötet genom att lyssna och att försöka förstå personens situation. En känsla av osynlighet i mötet uppkommer när sjuksköterskan förminskar personen till en diagnos. De med psykisk ohälsa upplever hinder i relationen genom att sjuksköterskan utövar makt och behandlar dem som barn. De känner sig ensamma när sjuksköterskan inte har tid för dem och inte tyckts bryr sig om dem. Genom denna studie kan sjuksköterskan få en ökad förståelse för hur vuxna människor med psykisk ohälsa upplever mötet med dem. Ökad förståelse kan förbättra relationen mellan människor med psykisk ohälsa och sjuksköterskan. Det kan även leda till en ökad känsla av hälsa hos människor med psykisk ohälsa. / Background: Mental illness has in recent years increased in society. It has since centuries been seen as a shameful disease and mental illness has not been a high priority in health care. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how adult humans with mental illness experiences the meeting with the nurse.Method: The method that was used was a literature based study with basis in analysis of qualitative research. 11 articles with a qualitative approach was analyzed. Result: The result showed two main theme. The first theme was a feeling of being seen in the meeting when an open dialogue was used and a relationship was created. The second theme was a feeling of invisible because they felt reduced to a diagnosis and encountered obstacles in the relation. Conclusion: Adult humans with mental illness could experience the meeting in different ways. A good meeting with the nurse could increase the human with mental illness trust in healthcare. It could improve the care and relationship between human with mental illness and the nurse.

Submitted in fulfillment of requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology: Nursing, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / Introducion Mental health nurses face challenging positions in practice. They are required to support and care for people hospitalised for treatment of mental illnesses on their recovery journeys but are also expected to manage ward administrative tasks, admit patients, attend meetings, dispense medication and communicate with patients (Gunasekara, Pentland, Rodgers and Patterson 2014: 101; Fourie, Mc Donald, Connor and Bartlett 2005: 135). It has been suggested that mental health nurses spend more time managing the ward environment and staff matters resulting in little time to develop and maintain therapeutic patient relationships (Fourie et al. 2005: 135). Problem Statement Research conducted in other countries identified the roles of the psychiatric nurse and mental health care nurses as attending to patients’ basic needs, assistance with self-care activities, monitoring and administering medication, ensuring safe environments in the health care setting and health education (Rungapadiachy, Madill and Gough 2004; Bowers 2005; Seed, Torkelson and Alnatour 2010). Although there is evidence of studies in psychiatric and mental health nursing locally, little is known about the roles of registered nurses and psychiatric nurses at in-patient facilities. OBJECTIVES • To explore which mental health problems are most commonly seen amongst psychiatric patients at these facilities. • To investigate the challenges faced by psychiatric nurses when caring for psychiatric patients. • To investigate what specialized knowledge and skills are required when nursing such patients. • To investigate whether their education and training prepared them adequately to deal with psychiatric patients and suggest guidelines to strengthen nursing education. METHODOLOGY The study utilized a quantitative non-experimental descriptive design to survey registered nurses and psychiatric nurses at in-patient psychiatric facilities in KwaZulu-Natal. A census was utilized in this study as the entire population was sampled. Data were collected using survey questionnaires. Phase two of the study, qualitative content analysis of Psychiatric nursing curricula strengthened the survey findings. FINDINGS Findings of this study showed that 98.4% of respondents believe psychiatric nursing care is an important aspect of holistic nursing practice. Respondents agree that challenges are commonly encountered in psychiatric nursing practice and that they are prepared to deal with these patients. However the aspects most frequently identified as needing greater attention in the Psychiatric nursing curricula were The Mental Health Care Act no 17 of 2002 and practical management of aggression, violence and de-escalation / M

Aim: To illuminate relatives need of support when caring for or supporting a person suffering from mental illness Background: Relatives of a person suffering from mental illness have different needs. It has for the past few years merely been little improvements in the relative's situation. Methods: Focus group interviews with fourteen relatives. Data were analyzed through manifest content analysis. Findings: Three categories were found: Functioning contact channels to the psychiatric health care organization, Need of an active support from the psychiatric health care organization and Need of support from community resources. Conclusion: The relatives need more attention and understanding for their situation. The support of relatives must be designed and monitored individually. A collaboration or a well-functioning relation with the psychiatric nurses, other professionals working in the health care organisation and social services gives a mutual respect and trust which in turn leads to that the relative is confirmed as an important resource in the care of the mentally ill person. The relatives need an increased support and understanding from the community.

Background: The use of the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA) in acute psychiatric settings to identify aggressive and/or violent patients upon admission. Objective: Determining nurses' perception of the usefulness of the Dynamic Assessment of Situational Aggression (DASA) in a psychiatric emergency room setting. Theoretical Background: Langley, Nolan, Nolan and Provost’s (2009) Model for Improvement, which incorporates Deming’s Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle, was utilized as the theoretical framework to guide this DNP project. Setting: An adult psychiatric emergency room in urban Phoenix, Arizona. Measurement: A six-item survey questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale ranging from "Strongly Disagree" (1) to "Strongly Agree" (5) describes and measures nurses' perception on the usefulness of the DASA. An additional question explored the influence of static nursing factors (gender, years of experience, level of education, years at the facility), on nurses' perception of the usefulness of the DASA. Results: Overall, nurses (90%) of the study participants perceived the DASA to be effective in identifying aggressive violent patients and 70% of the participants would like to continue to use the DASA. Static nursing factors showed no difference in nurses' perception of usefulness. Limitations: Further exploration in similar settings such as regular emergency departments and psychiatric emergency and crisis settings are recommended. In this study only nursing perception was explored. Analysis of the validity of the DASA tool in the psychiatric emergency room setting in addition to nursing perceptions would be more beneficial in determining the DASA’s true usefulness. Conclusion: The results of this DNP project demonstrate that nurses at the SAUPC perceive the DASA to be a useful addition to their admission assessment. Overall nursing response was positive and the SAUPC seclusion and restraint committee recommended incorporating the DASA into the triage nursing admission assessment.

Magister Curationis - MCur / The South African health care system shifted the focus of treating psychiatric disorders from institutional care level mental health services to facilitate this process of integration into the Primary Health Care (PHC) settings. All the provinces were thus engaged in improving mental health care services at community level by providing training for professional nurses in mental health at PHC settings. Consequently, mental health nursing has also changed considerably by shifting the focus of mental health care to the primary care level. It is however, suggested that the current revolving door syndrome experienced at psychiatric institutions was partly due to inadequate community-based psychiatric services. It was also suggested that the attitudes and knowledge of health professionals towards mental illness has a major impact on service delivery, treatment and outcome of mental illness. The aim of this research study was to assess the attitude of nursing staff working at a Community Health Centre (CHC) towards the mental health care user. A CHC was chosen that renders 24 hour services. The inclusive sample included all the different categories of nurses permanently employed at this CHC. The Attitude Scale for Mental Illness questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics: means, median and standard deviations were calculated for the following variables: separatism; stereotyping; restrictiveness; benevolence; pessimistic prediction and stigmatization. In conclusion it can be said that the nursing staff with more experience irrespective of category of nurse has less of a stereotyping attitude towards mental illness. The longer the nurse worked at the setting and irrespective of their nursing qualification the more positive their attitude towards the MHCU became.

Magister Curationis - MCur / As South Africa continues to experience the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS globally, co-occurring mental illness poses challenges for public health. Mental illness has increased among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), as infected individuals succumb to the psychological stress and trauma of the disease. Key research issues, not yet well established, relate to whether professional nurses, working in psychiatric hospitals in South Africa, are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to provide effective mental healthcare services, given the increase in mental illness of PLWHA. An increase in mental illness translates into an increase in demand for psychiatric services by PLWHA. There is a paucity of research on HIV/AIDS knowledge of professional nurses working in psychiatric hospitals in South Africa, despite the established acknowledgement of the increase of mental illness amongst PLWHA. The aim of this study was to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and perceived risks of professional nurses working in a psychiatric hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa. A quantitative, descriptive survey design, using an all-inclusive sampling method, was used to select 121 professional nurses employed at a psychiatric hospital in Western Cape to participate in the study. The objectives of the study were to: describe professional nurses’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS; describe the attitudes of professional nurses towards PLWHA and mental illness; and determine professional nurses’ perceived HIV risks in a psychiatric hospital.

A dissertation presented to the department of Sociology and Social Work in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. / The score of the study encompasses primarily the day-to-day activities of the social worker with both patients and staff members. While the greater part of the dissertation will relate to this aspect of the work carried on, mention will be made in the latter part of the study to those functions which are regarded by Berkman as "facilitating" services to the patient, namely, teaching, supervision, recording, and community relations. Also, some attention will be paid to issues, as they arise, which are of special or controversial interest in the field. / WHSLYP2016

Background: Studies have shown that patients suffering from mental illness often feel that they are less well treated in health care than patients who do not suffer from a mental illness. What causes this is that patients with mental illness often become subject to stigmatization in healthcare in general. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate the experience of stigmatization in the healthcare encounter between nursing staff and patients with a mental illness. Method: Six qualitative and one quantitative article were analyzed to create a literature review. Results: Through the analysis two main-themes and seven sub-themes were identified. The two main-themes were: The feeling of powerlessness and The feeling of deviating. The seven sub-themes were: Not to be taken seriously, Not to be considered to have a real illness, Being malpracticed, Getting a worse response, To live with the fear of being labeled, To be identified with the diagnosis and To repress symptoms. Conclusions: Patients find that they are not taken seriously regarding their mental or physical problems and that they do not receive care on the same terms as patients without a psychiatric diagnosis. Healthcare professionals need better knowledge about experiences of stigmatization, in order to establish a better relationship between patient and nursing staff and to strengthen the patients' self-esteem. / Alla patienter ska få ett lika gott bemötande i mötet med vården oavsett vilken sjukdom de lider av. Idag finns det fortfarande många fördomar och en utbredd brist på kunskap gällande psykisk sjukdom, vilket leder till att patienter många gånger blir föremål för stigmatisering från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal och genom detta får ett sämre bemötande än patienter som inte lider av psykisk sjukdom. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll när det gäller att få patienten att känna sig trygg och utifrån detta kunna skapa en förtroendefull relation med patienten där hen kan känna tillit. Detta för att kunna ge bästa möjliga omvårdnad. När patienten på grund av stigmatisering mister detta förtroende för vården minskar möjligheten för tillfrisknande och till att leva ett, för patienten, optimalt liv med en god upplevelse av hälsa. Syftet med det här examensarbetet var därför att belysa upplevelsen av stigmatisering i mötet med hälso- och sjukvården hos patienter med en psykisk sjukdom. I resultatet har sju vetenskapliga artiklar, sex kvalitativa och en kvantitativ, analyserats. Artiklarna som valdes till resultatet skulle utgå från ett patientperspektiv och därför exkluderades artiklar som belyste närståendes eller vårdpersonals upplevelser. Artiklarna granskades och analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs (2017) analysmetod för litteraturöversikt som syftar till att belysa likheter och skillnader i inkluderade artiklar. Resultatet visar att patienterna ofta känner att de inte blir tagna på allvar och att de inte bemöts på samma villkor som patienter utan en psykiatrisk diagnos. De känner sig även många gånger avvisade när de söker vård genom att de inte blir trodda eller att de upplevs som besvärliga. I tillägg till detta kämpar många patienter med sina egna fördomar kring psykisk sjukdom som får konsekvenser i deras dagliga liv och i mötet med vården. Sjuksköterskor behöver få kunskap om hur de ska bemöta dessa patienter på ett professionellt vis. Stigmatisering, det vill säga olika typer av fördomar kring psykisk sjukdom som får en negativ effekt för dessa patienter, bör lyftas fram och synliggöras inom såväl sjuksköterskeutbildningen som i det kliniska arbetat ute på sjukhus, primärvård och kommunal vård. Det är även viktigt att öka omvårdnadspersonalens kunskaper gällande patienternas upplevelser av stigmatisering, för att kunna arbeta för en bättre relation mellan patient och omvårdnadspersonal samt arbeta för att stärka patientens självkänsla vilket i sin tur kan leda till en bättre återhämtning och livskvalitet.

Forensic psychiatry in South Africa came to be in the 1970’s following the introduction of the Mental Health Act of 1973 and the Criminal Procedures Act of 1977. Forensic psychiatric units offer psychiatric observation for defendants referred from the courts, as well as providing indefinite detention, for the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation, of those who have been declared unfit to stand trial and/or not criminally responsible due to a mental illness or defect. State patients are mentally ill offenders whose charges involved serious violence. Ultimately these state patients are released back into the community. There is a paucity of South African literature regarding the outcome of state patients.

No description available.