Realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de descrever a evolução da morbidade por transtornos mentais de maior freqüência para o município de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, por meio dos dados fornecidos pelo sistema de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde - DATASUS, para a série histórica de 1995 a 2007. Para isto montou-se um roteiro de coleta de dados sobre morbidade hospitalar por Transtornos Mentais, Morbidade Hospitalar Geral e ainda Morbidade Hospitalar por Gravidez, Parto e Puerpério (GPP), uma vez que a descrição das internações por transtornos mentais foi feita avaliando-se esta causa considerando-a dentro do total de causas de internações, como também avaliando-se o peso que esta representava para o município nos anos estudados, excluindo a principal causa de morbidade hospitalar, como é o caso das internações por GPP. Os resultados desta investigação possibilitaram mostrar que o perfil das internações por Transtornos Mentais no município de Alfenas diminuiu ao longo da série histórica, uma vez que a proporção de internações apresentou redução de aproximadamente 80%. Quanto ao tempo de permanência, em dias, pode - se observar que há maior prevalência nos homens em detrimento as mulheres. Em relação ao custo da internação percebeu-se que este apresentou aumento tanto para o sexo masculino quanto para o sexo feminino e o grupo de diagnósticos de transtornos psiquiátricos que mais demandaram recursos financeiros foram aqueles relacionados aos transtornos esquizofrênicos. Os transtornos mentais mais freqüentes são aqueles relacionados ao diagnóstico de Esquizofrenia, Álcool e Outras Substâncias Psicoativas e Transtornos Afetivos, sendo que os diagnósticos relacionados à esquizofrenia, no ano de 2005, correspondiam a aproximadamente 70% de todas as internações por transtornos mentais no município. Conclui-se com este trabalho que há uma necessidade de maiores estudos neste campo, vista a relevância que os transtornos psiquiátricos representam não só ao município como também ao país. Questões como a mudança no perfil da morbidade psiquiátrica, passando as internações com diagnósticos relacionados à esquizofrenia representarem maior peso, devem ser avaliadas na medida em que se explique qual a razão desde acontecimento nos últimos anos. / This study was made with the objective to describe the evolution of morbidity by mental disorders with more frequency in the municipal district of Alfenas in Minas Gerais State by data provided by the informatics system of The Unified Health System (DATASUS) from 1995 to 2007. For this, it was created a guide for the data collection about hospital morbidity by Mental Disturbs, General Hospital Morbidity and Hospital Morbidity by Pregnancy, Labour and Puerperium (PLP). Therefore, the description of the hospitalization by mental disorders was made evaluating its cause and considering it in the total of causes hospitalizations and also, evaluating the work that it represented for the area during the study, excluding the main cause for the Hospital Morbidity, as it is for the cases of hospitalizations by PLP. The results of this investigation made possible to show that the aspects of hospitalizations by Mental Disorders in Alfenas, diminished during the period since that the proportion of hospitalizations presented a reduction of approximately 80%. As for the period of permanence, in days, it is noticed that there is a higher prevalence of men in disadvantage to women. In relation to the cost of the hospitalizations, there was a considered rise for both genders and the group of diagnosis of psychiatric disturbs which demanded more financial sources were the ones related to schizophrenic disturbs. The most common mental disturbs are the ones related to the diagnosis of Schizophrenia, Alcohol and Other Psychoactive Substances and Emotional Disturbs. The diagnosis related to schizophrenia in 2005 corresponded approximately 70% of all hospitalizations by mental disturbs in the district. In conclusion, there is a necessity of more studies in this field because of the relevance that the psychiatric disturbs present, not only for the district but also for the country. The changes in the psychiatric morbidity aspects with the hospitalization diagnosis related to schizophrenia being higher, the reason of the occurrences in the last years must be evaluated and explained.

Orientador: José Eduardo Corrente / Coorientador: Silvia Cristina Mangini Bocchi / Banca: Magda Cristina Queiroz Dell'Accqua / Banca: Ana Maria Pimenta Carvalho / Resumo: Estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo, descritivo, com o objetivo de caracterizar o perfil dos atendimentos por transtornos psiquiátricos realizados pelas equipes do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência - SAMU-192 -, no período de junho a dezembro de 2010, na cidade de Bauru. Utilizaram-se como fontes de dados os registros de informações do Sistema SR SAMU, Versão 3.2, assim como do Serviço Social do Pronto-Socorro Municipal Central (PSMC). Foram avaliadas 18.246 fichas de atendimentos, sendo 2.106 (12%) categorizadas como transtornos psiquiátricos. Preponderaram os episódios convulsivos (39,2%), seguidos pelo abuso de álcool (14,6%) e de drogas (6,7%). Houve 269 internações psiquiátricas em hospitais referenciados. Realizaram-se comparações entre os episódios avaliados considerando-se o sexo e a faixa etária, por meio de testes de diferença de proporções, com a adoção de um nível de significância de 5% ou do p-valor correspondente. Em relação ao sexo, ocorreu diferença significativa (p<0,0001) no atendimento de homens por abuso de álcool (78,3%) e outros tipos de drogas (78,7%), assim como para episódios convulsivos (75,1%) e agitação psicomotora (63,6%), enquanto para as mulheres isso ocorreu em relação à crise conversiva (85,7%) e de ansiedade (77,4%). Os homens (66,0%) superaram as mulheres (34%) na demanda pelos atendimentos do SAMU por abusarem três vezes mais do álcool e de drogas quando comparados a elas. Houve significância (p<0,0001) entre faixas etárias e demandas por atendimentos relacionadas a: abuso de álcool, abuso de drogas, agitação psicomotora, ansiedade, crise conversiva, depressão, surto psicótico, tentativa de suicídio, intoxicação exógena, convulsão e outros problemas psiquiátricos. Verificou-se que as faixas etárias de 20 a 29 (23,5%), 30 a 39 (25,6%)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This is an epidemiological, retrospective, descriptive study aiming at characterizing the profile of care provision due to psychiatric disorders by the teams of the Mobile Urgent Care Service - SAMU-192 from June to December 2010 in the city of Bauru. The records of information from the SR SAMU System, Version 3.2, and from the Social Service of the Central Municipal Emergency Hospital (PSMC) were used as data sources. Eighteen thousand, two hundred and forty-six care provision forms were evaluated. Of these, 2,106 (12%) were categorized as psychiatric disorders. Convulsive episodes (39.2%) predominated, followed by alcohol (14.6%) and drug (6.7%) abuse. There were 269 psychiatric hospitalizations in referral hospitals. Comparisons were made between the evaluated episodes by taking into account gender and age range by means of difference in proportions tests and by adopting a level of significant of 5% or the corresponding p-value. As regards gender, a significant difference was observed (p<0.0001) for care provision to males due to abuse of alcohol (78,3%) and other drugs (78.7%) as well as to convulsive episodes (75.1%) and psychomotor agitation (63.6%), whereas for females, it was due to conversion disorders (85.7%) and anxiety (77.4%) crises. Males (66.0%) surpassed females (34%) in the demand for SAMU care as a result of threefold alcohol and drug abuse when compared to the latter. Significance was observed (p<0.0001) between the age ranges and demand for care related to: alcohol abuse, drug abuse, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, conversion disorder, depression, psychotic outbreaks, suicide attempts, exogenous intoxication, convulsion and other psychiatric problems. It was observed that the age ranges from 20 to 29 (23.5%), 30 to 39 (25.6%) and 40 to 49 (18.9%) years accounted... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O uso problemático de álcool tem sido apontado como problema de saúde pública. A prevalência de dependência de álcool é maior em pessoas com transtornos psiquiátricos. Esta comorbidade pode trazer sérias implicações para a identificação, tratamento e reabilitação do indivíduo doente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar o uso problemático de álcool em pacientes com transtornos psiquiátricos, a partir da realidade clínica assistencial terciária de um serviço universitário. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com uma amostra clínica ambulatorial composta por 127 indivíduos em tratamento por um dos seguintes diagnósticos: esquizofrenia, transtorno afetivo bipolar, depressão e transtornos de ansiedade. Os dados foram colhidos através de entrevista com o paciente e também através do prontuário. As informações coletadas foram: dados sócio-demográficos, história psiquiátrica, problemas de saúde, características familiares e registros do prontuário relacionados ao diagnóstico do paciente e ao consumo de álcool. Foi aplicado o instrumento de rastreamento CAGE e realizada a entrevista estruturada em conformidade com os diagnósticos da CID-10 para uso nocivo e dependência de álcool. A fim de aumentar a sensibilidade do CAGE,trabalhou-se com o ponto de corte ¡Ý1. Da amostra total, 6,3% fazem uso nocivo de álcool e 3,9% são dependentes, de acordo com os critérios da CID-10. Quarenta e três pessoas (33,9%) pontuaram positivo no CAGE, o que indica a possibilidade de uso problemático de álcool em algum momento de suas vidas. Os fatores sócio-demográficos que mostraram relação com o uso problemático de álcool foram: ser homem, ter menos de 40 anos de idade, não ter companheiro(a) e não ser praticante de religião. Ao se comparar médias de escore no CAGE, entre os quatro grupos diagnósticos estudados, encontrou-se que a maior média foi a do grupo de esquizofrenia, seguida pelo de transtornos ansiosos, transtorno afetivo bipolar e, por último, depressão. Foi encontrada uma relação entre pontuação no CAGE e idade de início da enfermidade. Entre os pacientes que pontuaram positivo no CAGE, 60,5% não tinham registros, em seus prontuários, de uso de álcool. Sugere-se a disseminação de informações a respeito da comorbidade entre transtornos psiquiátricos e uso problemático de álcool na formação de profissionais de saúde, assim como treinamento para uso de instrumentos de rastreamento do uso problemático de álcool. / The problematic use of alcohol is becoming recognised as a serious public health problem. The prevalence of alcohol dependence is higher in persons with a psychiatric disorder. This comorbidity has serious implications for the identification, treatment and rehabilitation of the person. The aim of this research is to identify the problematic use of alcohol among individuals with psychiatric disorders by evaluating patients attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic at a university hospital. A transversal study was carried out, with a clinical sample composed of 127 individuals in treatment for one of the following disorders: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety disorders. The data was gathered from the patient’s records and through interview. The information collected was: sociodemographic data, psychiatric history, health problems, family characteristics and information from the records concerning the patient’s diagnosis and their previous alcohol use. The screening instrument CAGE was applied along with a structured interview based on the ICD-10 criteria for harmful use and alcohol dependence. In order to increase the sensitivity of CAGE the cut off point ¡Ý1 was used. It was found that 6.3% of patients met the criteria for harmful alcohol use and 3.9% for dependence (ICD-10). Forty-three persons (33,9%) scored positive with CAGE, indicating the possibility of problematic use of alcohol at a point in their lives. The sociodemographic factors that showed an association with problematic use of alcohol were: to be male, to be less than 40 years of age, to be without a partner and not to be practicing a religion. When the mean averages of CAGE scores for the four studied diagnostic groups were compared, the schizophrenia group scored higher, followed by the anxiety disorder group, bipolar disorder group and the depression group. A relationship was found between CAGE scores and patient age at the onset of the disorder. Among patients that scored positive with CAGE, 60,5% did not have any history, in their records, of alcohol use. It is suggested that information regarding comorbidity between psychiatric disorders and problematic use of alcohol be disseminated among health professionals, in conjunction with training in the use of screening instruments for problematic use of alcohol.

Esse estudo teve por objetivo analisar os desafios apresentados pela literatura no campo da Saúde Mental acerca da relação da cidade contemporânea e a loucura fora dos muros manicomiais, tendo em vista os avanços da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira. Considerando os objetivos desta pesquisa, foi necessário percorrer alguns caminhos, como, inicialmente, o contexto social e histórico de emergência da loucura enquanto um problema social e a institucionalização da psiquiatria no país. Em seguida, foi preciso compreender o movimento da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira e suas proposições, considerando seus atuais desafios e conflitos. E, por fim, analisar as transformações nas grandes cidades, em busca de substratos para se pensar as políticas públicas no âmbito da saúde mental. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, o qual adotou a pesquisa bibliográfica como procedimento metodológico. Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos através da base de dados Lilacs, no período de 2000 a 2014. Foram selecionados, no total, 14 artigos científicos para a análise. Na análise dos resultados foram utilizadas categorias (temas) predominantes nas obras analisadas: a vivência da loucura na cidade, os muros (in)visíveis na cidade e a transposição dos muros. Diversas narrativas indicam novas experiências e dilemas na circulação da loucura pelos espaços urbanos. Os resultados obtidos indicam uma tendência a novas discussões no campo da saúde mental que problematizam a relação entre loucura e cidade. Dessa forma, evidenciam a relevância de novos debates no campo da saúde mental que considerem a cidade como potencialidade como palco da ação humana onde são produzidos efeitos e afetos no (re)encontro com a loucura. / This study aims to analyze the challenges presented by the literature in the field of Mental Health about the relationship of contemporary urban city and the madness outside the asylum walls, given the advances in brazilian psychiatric reform. Considering the objectives of this research, it was necessary to choose some ways, initially the social and historical context of madness emergency as a social problem and the institutionalization of Psychiatry in the country. Then, it was necessary to understand the movement of the Brazilian psychiatric reform and its propositions, considering its current challenges and conflicts. Finally, it was proposed an analysis of the changes in the big cities in search of substrates to think public policy under the Mental Health. This is an exploratory qualitative study, which adopted the bibliographic research as a methodological procedure. Survey data were obtained through the Lilacs database, from 2000 to 2014. It was selected a total of 14 scientific articles for analysis. In the analysis of the results were used categories (themes) predominant in the works analyzed: the experience of madness in the city, the (in) visibles walls in the city and transposition of the walls. Several narratives indicate new experiences and dilemmas in the circulation of madness by urban spaces. The results indicate a tendency to further discussions in the field of mental health considering the relationship between madness and city. Thus, highlights the need to produce new discussions in the field of Mental Health considering the city as a potential - as a stage of human action - the place which are produced effects and affects in the (re)encounter with madness.

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória e descritiva, cujo objetivo foi conhecer como acontece o ensino de enfermagem em saúde mental e psiquiátrica nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem do Paraná. Estudos de enfermeiros e outros profissionais que focalizaram o ensino de enfermagem e enfermagem em saúde mental e psiquiátrica e o processo da Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil, eis a sustentação teórica dessa pesquisa que envolveu 23 cursos de graduação em enfermagem de 19 instituições de ensino superior do Estado segundo informações do Ministério da Educação em setembro de 2002 e que concordaram em participar, independentemente do caráter institucional, público, privado ou filantrópico e do tempo de criação dos cursos. Os sujeitos foram 19 docentes da disciplina da área. Constatou-se que, no momento atual, os currículos estão sendo discutidos e reorganizados em função da nova Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação e Diretrizes Curriculares para os cursos de graduação em enfermagem. O ensino da área da saúde mental e psiquiátrica, além de estar sendo influenciado pela legislação federal do ensino, pauta-se também pela atual Reforma Psiquiátrica. Os docentes reconhecem que a Reforma Psiquiátrica é necessária e passível de ser implantada. Vêem a necessidade premente de re-significar os conceitos de saúde e doença mental e propor formas alternativas de tratamento à pessoa com sofrimento mental que não tenham o foco principal na hospitalização, mas valorizem o potencial sadio de cada um, visando à prevenção e promoção da saúde e resgate da cidadania pela ressocialização dessas pessoas. Eles externaram descontentamento com o descompasso e a morosidade na efetiva implantação do Programa de Saúde Mental Estadual e dos seus municípios, o que acarreta entraves nas transformações da formação dos enfermeiros que vão atuar na área, devido à escassez ou até à inexistência de serviços em sistema de rede para a realização da prática do futuro profissional. / It is a descriptive exploratory research, qualitative in nature, aiming to unveil nursing teaching of mental and psychiatric health in nursing graduation courses in Paraná State/Brazil. It is grounded on nurses’ studies and other professionals who focused on nursing teaching and mental and psychiatric health as well as on the Process for Psychiatric Reform in Brazil. The investigation took up 23 nursing graduation courses from 19 superior level schools, according to data by the Ministry of Education from September/2002 which agreed to participate, disregarding their institutional status, public, private, philanthropic, or the time such courses have been set up. Nineteen (19) teachers of this area were the subjects. It was evidenced that, nowadays, curricula have been discussed and reorganized due to the new Law of Guidelines and Grounds for Education and Curricula Guidelines for nursing graduation courses. Teaching in the area of mental and psychiatric health has been influenced by the federal legislation of teaching as well as the current Psychiatric Reform. Teachers recognize that the Psychiatric Reform is necessary and should be implemented. They realize the urgent need to redefine concepts of mental health and mental disease and come up with alternative forms of treatment for the individual undergoing psychic suffering, which are not only focused on hospitalization but also value each individual’s healthy potential, objectifying prevention and health promotion and rescue citizenship through individual’s re-socialization. Faculty members manifested their dissatisfaction with the contradicting and slow pace to effect the implementation of the State Mental Health Program for its municipalities. Such delay hinders the necessary changes to educate nurses for the area due to the lack or inexistence of services under a network system in order to carry out the training of future professionals.

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This essay reflects my process in the making of a final body of work. In chapter one I investigate and describe two mental disorders commonly associated with women, Hysteria and Borderline, and compare them to the material and the use of pearls. Also giving some background on how mental patients have been treated and to the Swedish psychiatric care. Chapter two is a further discussion on the theme mind/body, offering the reader some insight on how I approach the making. Chapter three is what came after

Researchers have written extensively on many facets of supervision in the counseling profession, including the supervisee benefits associated with a strong supervisory working alliance. While the majority of studies have focused on the working alliance in academic settings with student trainees, there has been a lack of research exploring the role of the supervisory working alliance in workplace settings, where supervision can be different from supervision offered in a university clinic or counseling center. Employee job dissatisfaction has been a problem identified within the mental health workforce. Researchers have identified effective supervision as a mediating factor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the theoretical construct of the supervisory working alliance and job satisfaction. This multiple regression study included 250 workers who were providing direct services to persons with severe mental illness or severe emotional and behavioral disorders. Results yielded a significant relationship between the supervisees' perception of the supervisory working alliance, as measured by the Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory, and job satisfaction, as measured by the Job Satisfaction Survey. Specifically, participants who rated the supervisory working alliance higher were also more likely to report higher levels of job satisfaction. The implications for social change include knowledge useful for educators, trainers, supervisors, and supervisees seeking to promote positive outcomes of workers and clients in community mental health settings. Low job satisfaction leads to generally poorer client outcomes. The ability to understand the supervisory working alliance's influence on job satisfaction is beneficial to advancing the treatment for persons with chronic mental illness.

Toward a Therapeutic Use of Spirituality among Individuals with Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disabilities by Tony Terrell Lee MS, William Carey University, 2005 BS, University of Southern Mississippi, 1992 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Clinical Psychology Walden University May 2015 Research has shown that community employment, different levels of independent living, and advocacy groups are factors that influence self-esteem in individuals with mild to moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID). One gap in the literature is whether there is a correlation between spirituality and self-esteem in individuals with mild to moderate ID. Use of basic spiritual principles common across major religions and philosophies had not been explored by therapists as a means of improving personal outlook among individuals with ID, even though it has been suggested by some as having potential for this purpose. This qualitative research used a phenomenological approach to determine if a universal form of spirituality improves self-esteem in individuals with ID. Basic principles of Kabbalah, a form of spirituality that is shared by other major religions and spiritual perspectives, were the primary focus for questions and prompts in semistructured interviews. The interviews were conducted with 10 individuals with mild to moderate ID in the Hattiesburg, Mississippi area between the ages of 21 to 60 who live in the community with their caregivers, in semi-independent living, or in independent living. Comprehensive, semi-open interviews with phenomenological data analysis were used. Four identified themes derived from qualitative data software were the meaning of spirituality and innate beliefs, coping strategies, spiritual connection of people, and beliefs and perspective as both innate and derived from family. Many institutions such as the American Psychological Association have recommended that spirituality be addressed for individuals with ID. Basic spiritual principles may be useful as a widely-applicable tool that psychotherapists can use in sessions.

Chronic pain is a significant problem in the U.S. pediatric population, conservatively estimated to affect 15% to 20% of children. Few studies have focused on coping strategies African American children use to manage chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to examine coping strategies used by African American children and adolescents ages 11 to 18 years suffering from chronic pain and to examine gender and age differences in this population. The gate control theory provided the framework for the study. The Pain Coping Questionnaire was used to measure coping strategies in a convenience sample of 44 children and adolescents recruited from pain clinics and online pain support groups. Descriptive statistics indicated that active coping was used most often, and emotion-focused coping was used least often. Analyses of variance indicated that age was positively related with cognitive distraction, that male participants used problem-solving more often than female participants, and that female participants sought out social support and used internalizing/catastrophizing more often that male participants. Findings may be used to improve assessment and management of chronic pain by providing mental health professionals and doctors with a better understanding of African American children and adolescents' coping strategies.