With the economic reform and liberalization that accompany the increasing demand in energy, China has surpassed Japan, becoming the second largest energy consuming nation all over the world. Energy from the Middle East and Africa should be delivered through the ocean route from Indian Ocean to the Strait of Malacca. China imported 203.8 million tons of oil in 2009, for an increase of 14.8%, having surpassed Japan and leaving the United States as the second largest oil consuming nation. For oil delivery and energy supply safety, China has much room for improvement in the capability of safeguarding long-distance delivery; a sophisticated cross-ocean navy has not yet been established. On one hand, China has built strongholds along the oil delivery route connecting the Middle East to China, which is the so-called ¡§string of pearls¡¨ strategy. The nations with diplomatic relations with China along the route, including Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Cambodia have cooperated with China to give it the right to build ports or to use their important ports to improve oil delivery safety. Developing a command of the sea has remained the ambition of China¡¦s navy in recent years. The substantial measures to gain control of the seas require a naval fleet equipped with long-term offshore combat capability. If conflicts occur in the South China Sea and Indian Ocean, China¡¦s surface vessels probably can not handle them since they lack air superiority. Therefore, China proactively builds its cross-ocean naval fleet, including ushering in large surface vessels and submarines imported from Russia, or self-developed. China has also recently stated that the development of a functional aircraft carrier is part of the future direction for its cross-ocean naval force.

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This essay reflects my process in the making of a final body of work. In chapter one I investigate and describe two mental disorders commonly associated with women, Hysteria and Borderline, and compare them to the material and the use of pearls. Also giving some background on how mental patients have been treated and to the Swedish psychiatric care. Chapter two is a further discussion on the theme mind/body, offering the reader some insight on how I approach the making. Chapter three is what came after

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Andre.pdf: 2646720 bytes, checksum: 5239249ae6d8f92c287772beaafd5621 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-19 / This work presents a comparative study of Black Pearls 2000 (BP) and Vulcan XC-72R (obtained concerning the oxidation of ethanol, the nanomaterial Ni(II)(PAN)2/(VC) presented higher values of current than the Ni(II)(PAN)2/(BP). A heat treatment study was carried out for the nanocomposite Ni(II)(PAN)2/(VC) because this material has shown the highest current densities for ethanol oxidation. This material was heat treated (500, 600 and 700 °C), characterized and tested for electrochemical oxidation of ethanol, and compared with the nanocomposite prepared at 25 °C. The heat treatment showed significant influence on properties such as morphology, particle size of both the support and the metal structure, and electrocatalytic activity. The nanocomposite treated at 500 °C showed better performance for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol (VC) nanomateriais, used as support for the complex Ni(II)(PAN)2. The composites synthesized were characterized by the following techniques: Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and Cyclic Voltammetry. The results showed that the carbon support Vulcan XC-72R, is more porous than the Black Pearls 2000 and both have approximately, the same average particle size. Voltammetric analysis showed that the nanocomposite Ni(II)(PAN)2 presented lower separation between the anodic and cathodic peak potential (ΔEp) , for the pair Ni2+ / Ni3+, than the Ni(II)(PAN)2, however Ni(II)(PAN)2 presented less current density, for this redox couple. The electrocatalytical activity of the two nanocomposites through ethanol oxidation was evaluated by the techniques cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. For the cyclic voltammetric study, Ni(II)(PAN)2/(BP) presented a maximum oxidation for the ethanol at 0.5 V while Ni(II)(PAN)2/(VC) showed a maximum oxidation at 0.6 V, in sodium hydroxide solution 1 mol L-1 with a concentration of 0.137 mol L-1 ethanol. Considering the current densities. / O presente trabalho mostra o estudo comparativo entre nanomateriais de carbono Black Pearls 2000 (BP) e Vulcan XC-72R (VC), utilizados como suporte para o complexo Ni(II)(PAN)2. Os compósitos sintetizados foram caracterizados pelas seguintes técnicas: Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET), Difração de Raios-X (DRX) e Voltametria Cíclica (VC). Os resultados obtidos por MET mostraram que o suporte de carbono Vulcan XC-72R possui mais espaços na superfície do que o Black Pearls 2000 e ambos, têm aproximadamente, o mesmo tamanho médio de partículas. A análise voltamétrica mostrou que o nanocompósito Ni(II)(PAN)2/BP apresentou menor separação entre os potenciais de pico (ΔEp) anódico e catódico, para o par Ni2+/Ni3+, em comparação com Ni(II)(PAN)2/VC, porém com menor densidade de corrente, referente a este par redox. A atividade eletrocatalítica dos nanocompósitos para oxidação de etanol foi avaliada pelas técnicas voltametria cíclica e cronoamperometria. Na voltametria cíclica, Ni(II)(PAN)2/BP apresentou pico de oxidação para etanol em 0,5 V e Ni(II)(PAN)2/VC apresentou pico de oxidação em 0,6 V, em solução de hidróxido de sódio 1 mol L-1 com concentração de 0,137 mol L-1 de etanol. Quanto as densidades de corrente obtidas na oxidação de etanol, Ni(II)(PAN)2/VC apresentou valores maiores do que Ni(II)(PAN)2/BP. Um estudo de tratamento térmico foi realizado para o nancompósito Ni(II)(PAN)2/VC em virtude deste ter apresentado maiores densidades de corrente para oxidação de etanol. Este material tratado termicamente (a 500, 600 e 700°C) foi caracterizado e testado eletroquimicamente para oxidação de etanol, e comparado com o nanocompósito preparado a 25°C. O tratamento térmico teve influência significativa em propriedades como: morfologia, tamanho da partícula tanto do suporte quanto do metal, estrutura e atividade eletrocatalítica. O nanocompósito tratado a 500°C apresentou melhor desempenho eletrocatalítico para oxidação de etanol.

We are witnessing a time of unprecedented human impact on the natural environment. Coral reefs, one of the most biologically diverse and productive ecosystems, are at the forefront of enduring these human impacts. Despite widespread recognition of coral reef degradation, counter measures have not reached a scale to offset the threat. The magnitude of this and other environmental issues call for a deeper understanding of the role the private sector can play in sustainable development. In response to environmental pressures and the shortcomings of global-scale governance, private sustainability governance initiatives have developed. In the last decade, these initiatives have flourished, resulting in a diversity of formats including third-party certification, consumer product transparency systems, and industry roundtables. In many industries, these programs compete to define the transformation and evolution of sustainability governance in an industry. This dissertation draws on a case study of the marine cultured-pearl industry to highlight the early adoption dynamics of private sustainability governance initiatives. The marine cultured-pearl industry provides an illuminating case study for the adoption of private governance, based on the potential strength of the positive environmental impact and farm presence in ecologically vulnerable coral reef areas. Yet despite these strengths, no formal sustainability initiatives have developed. This research project explores the early adoption of private governance initiatives through a mixed-methodological, case-study approach. The first study, a quantitative survey of US jewelry consumers, examines the impacts of environmental messages on perceptions of luxury value. The second study assesses the effect of networked legitimacy on producer perceptions in private governance initiatives. The final study investigates the impact of value chain structure on competing private governance initiatives. The research results provide evidence of a strong business case for the development of industry-wide sustainability initiatives and highlights distinctions between the rival private governance initiatives. The US jewelry consumer research shows that consumer messages featuring sustainability standards to protect coral reefs outperform third-party certification on luxury attributes. The marine cultured-pearl producer research highlights the legitimacy advantages of consumer product transparency when compared to third-party certifications. The value chain research indicates that, when compared to third-party certifications, consumer product transparency systems have characteristics that provide an advantage in addressing producer upgrading opportunities. Results from each of the three studies highlight the potential advantages of consumer product transparency systems over third-party certification initiatives in this and other settings. These results helped inform participatory action research to assess alternative pathways for private sustainability governance.

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Studiens syfte är att belysa symboliseringsprocesser i Frälsarkransen utifrån ett musikterapeutiskt perspektiv och vidare utforska hur och på vilket sätt Frälsarkransen kan kopplas samman med musikterapi och hur de kan berika varandra. Uppsatsen är skriven utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv med förståelse som kunskapsideal. I hermeneutikens tolkningsvärld växlar man mellan del- och helhetsperspektiv vilket på ett konkret sätt kan överföras på Frälsarkransen där pärlornas olika innebörd bildar en helhet. Uppsatsen inleds med en översikt över studerad litteratur om musik och hälsa, musikterapi, musikpsykologi, psykologi, symbolisering samt andlighet för att ge bredare förståelse utifrån uppsatsens ämne. Den innehåller även ett sammandrag av Martin Lönnebos bok om Frälsarkransen samt en kvalitativ intervju med Martin Lönnebo. En studie där Frälsarkransen undersöks som musikterapeutisk metod har även genomförts. Allt vävs sedan utifrån uppsatsens syfte samman i den avslutande diskussionen. Slutsatsen är att Frälsarkransen kan kopplas samman med musikterapi och att de kan berika varandra i musikterapeutiska symboliseringsprocesser. / Annika Hansson: Pearls of Life and Music Therapy. The rosary Pearls of Life created by Martin Lönnebo from a musictherapeutic perspective. The purpose of the study is to illustrate processes of symbolization in Pearls of Life from a music therapeutic perspective, and further to explore how and in what manner Pearls of Life can be linked with music therapy and how they can enrich each other. The essay is written from a hermeneutic perspective, with understanding as an ideal of knowledge. The hermeneutic way of interpreting the world switches between partial and holistic perspectives, which in concrete terms can be transmitted in Pearls of Life, where the different meanings of the pearls form a whole. The paper begins with an overview of the studied literature on music and health, music therapy, music psychology, psychology, symbolizing and spirituality to give a broader understanding based on essay topic. It also contains a summary of Martin Lönnebo´s book Pearls of Life and a qualitative interview with Martin Lönnebo. A study that examined Pearls of Life as a music therapeutic method has also been implemented. Based on the purpose of the thesis, all is then brought together in a final discussion. The conclusion is that Pearls of Life can be linked with music therapy and that music and Pearls of Life can enrich each other in processes of symbolization in music therapy.

This dissertation is a performance guide for the euphonium solos Pearls I and Pearls II, written by Roland Szentpali. This performance guide allows performers to better understand the jazz styles within each movement and provides them with a resource for performing these particular pieces as well as other jazz influenced pieces. This performance guide is specific to euphonium repertoire and written for euphonium performers and educators. This is also a resource for a solo work in the repertoire that is performed regularly as well as a new work that will soon be published. A brief history of the development of euphonium repertoire and the influence of jazz is provided. The performance guide analyzes each movement and provides insight to extended techniques, common performance problems, errata, and jazz styles that each movement is based on. The guide also provides several suggestions for interpretation and for performance preparation. Illustrations from the scores have been provided for each example.

In the context of Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, this paper provides a comparative analysis of China's neocolonialism and smart power strategies through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The study analyzes the economic, political, and social consequences of China's growing presence in these nations and offers a deeper comprehension of their position in the region by drawing on a wide range of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence. The research starts out by examining the idea of neocolonialism and how it relates to China's involvement in the area. It explores into a critical analysis of China's debt-trap diplomacy, which raised concerns regarding the BRI projects' long-term economic viability and political influence. The paper also looks into how China uses smart power as a strategic tool to expand its influence in the region, emphasizing on smart power programs, economic development, and cultural diplomacy.

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