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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Análise da Ocorrência de Estresse Precoce em Pacientes Psiquiátricos Adultos / Analysis of the Occurrence of Early Life Stress on Adult Psychiatric Patients.

Camila Maria Severi Martins 27 April 2012 (has links)
Introdução: Evidências recentes indicam que situações de abandono, negligência e abusos são fatores de risco para desencadeamento de psicopatologias na vida adulta. Esta associação ocorre na medida em que eventos traumáticos, nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento podem desencadear transtornos psiquiátricos graves e incapacitantes no adulto. Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a associação entre a ocorrência e a gravidade do Estresse Precoce (EP) e o desencadeamento de transtornos psiquiátricos em pacientes adultos em seguimento no Hospital Dia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP). Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por 81 pacientes psiquiátricos avaliados através de Entrevista Clínica, de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV, para confirmação diagnóstica, divididos em 2 grupos: 58 pacientes com presença de EP e 23 com ausência de EP. A presença de EP foi confirmada através da aplicação do Questionário Sobre Traumas na Infância (QUESI). Os pacientes também foram avaliados quanto à gravidade da sintomatologia psiquiátrica através do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Escala de Desesperança de Beck (BHS), Escala de Ideação Suicida de Beck (BSI), Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD) e da Escala de Impulsividade de Barratt (BIS-11). Resultados: Na amostra avaliada, 71.6% dos pacientes sofreram algum tipo grave de EP comparados a 28.4% dos pacientes que não sofreram. Considerando-se os subtipos de Estresse Precoce avaliados, os pacientes com história de trauma apresentaram escores maiores em todos os subtipos de Estresse Precoce em comparação aos pacientes sem história de abuso. A pontuação total do QUESI também foi significativamente diferente 66.05 vs. 34.78 (p<0.001) entre os grupos. A maioria dos pacientes avaliados (n=35; 60.4%) sofreu de 3 a 5 subtipos de Estresse Precoce. Os resultados indicam que o EP está associado principalmente com o desenvolvimento de transtornos de humor e também com o aumento da gravidade dos sintomas psiquiátricos, principalmente dos sintomas depressivos, sintomas de desesperança, de ideação suicida e de impulsividade. Com relação ao diagnóstico de eixo II, o EP está associado com o desenvolvimento de transtorno de personalidade (p=0.03). Pacientes com história de abuso emocional (OR: 5.2; 95% IC, 1.9-13.5), negligência emocional (OR: 4.02; 95% IC, 1.6-10.2) e negligência física (OR: 4.0; 95% IC, 1.6-10.1) apresentam um risco de 4 a 5 vezes maior de desenvolver transtorno de personalidade. Além disso, indivíduos que sofreram abuso físico (OR: 2.46; 95% IC; 0.89-6.78), abuso sexual (OR: 2.87; 95% IC; 0.86-9.57) e negligência física (OR: 2.50; 95% IC; 0.95-6.55) possuem de 2 a 3 vezes mais chances de cometer tentativas de suicídio. Nossos dados também demonstram que entre os subtipos de EP, o abuso emocional foi associado ao desencadeamento de psicopatologias na vida adulta, principalmente com os transtornos depressivos. Além disso, pacientes com presença de abuso emocional, tiveram maior gravidade em todos os sintomas psiquiátricos, tais como: sintomas de depressão, desesperança, ideação suicida, ansiedade e impulsividade. Também foram encontradas correlações positivas entre impulsividade, ideação suicida e desesperança com os escores totais do QUESI. Conclusões: Os dados apontam para a importância do Estresse Precoce como fator desencadeante de transtornos psiquiátricos, bem como indicam que a gravidade do Estresse Precoce está associada com a gravidade dos sintomas psiquiátricos.Dessa forma, há necessidade de mais estudos que avaliem a importância dos subtipos de Estresse Precoce como fator de risco para desencadeamento de psicopatologias graves no adulto. / Introduction: Recent evidences suggest that situations of abandonment, neglect and abuse are risk factors for onset of psychopathology on adulthood. This association occurs in that traumatic events in the early stages of development and may trigger severe and disabling psychiatric disorders in adults. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the occurrence and severity of early life stress (ELS) and the development of psychiatric disorders in adult patients of the Day Hospital Unit of the Hospital das Clinicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo (HCFMRP- USP). Methodology: The sample was consisted of 81 psychiatric patients evaluated by Clinical Interview according to the DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis, divided into two groups: 58 patients with presence of ELS and 23 with absence of ELS. The presence of ELS was confirmed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Patients also were evaluated for severity of psychiatric symptoms by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Results: In the sample studied, 71.6% of patients with some type of severe ELS compared to 28.4% of patients without ELS. Considering the subtypes of ELS evaluated, patients with a history of trauma showed higher scores in all subtypes of ELS compared to patients without a history of abuse. The total score of QUESI was also significantly different 66.05 vs. 34.78 (p<0.001) between groups. Most patients (n = 35, 60.4%) suffered 3-5 subtypes of ELS. The results indicate that ELS is associated mainly with the development of mood disorders and also with increasing severity of psychiatric symptoms, especially the depressive symptoms, hopelessness, suicidal ideation and impulsivity. Regarding the diagnosis of axis II, ELS is associated with personality disorder (p=0.03). Patients with emotional abuse (OR: 5.2, 95% CI, 1.9-13.5), emotional neglect (OR: 2.4, 95% CI, 1.6-10.2) and physical neglect (OR: 4.0, 95% CI, 1.6-10.1) at 4-5 fold higher risk of personality disorder. In addition, individuals who suffered physical abuse (OR: 2.46, 95% CI, 0.89-6.78), sexual abuse (OR: 2.87, 95% CI, 0.86-9.57) and physical neglect (OR: 2.50; 95% CI, 0.95-6.55) at 2-3 fold higher to commit suicide attempts. Our data also showed that among the subtypes of ELS, emotional abuse was associated with the onset of psychopathology in adulthood, especially in depressive disorders. Furthermore, patients with presence of emotional abuse, had more severe psychiatric symptoms at all, such as depressive symptoms, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, anxiety and impulsivity. We also found positive correlations between impulsivity, suicide ideation and hopelessness with the total scores of the QUESI. Conclusions: These data demonstrate the importance of ELS as a trigger for psychiatric disorders, and indicate that the severity of ELS is associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess the importance of subtypes of ELS as a risk factor for onset of severe psychopathology in adults.
22

Attachment, Coping, and Psychiatric Symptoms among Military Veterans and Active Duty Personnel: A Path Analysis Study

Romero, Daniel Hugo 12 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of attachment processes and coping strategies in the development of psychiatric symptoms among military veterans and active duty personnel. Data were obtained from 268 male and female military veterans and active duty personnel. A path analysis was conducted to estimate the relationships between attachment processes, coping strategies, and psychiatric symptoms. Findings demonstrated that greater levels of attachment anxiety were related to increased levels of avoidant coping and psychiatric symptoms, while higher levels of attachment avoidance were related to avoidant coping and PTSD symptoms, as well as decreased levels of problem-focused coping. Alcohol use was associated with psychiatric symptoms. Avoidant coping, but not problem-focused coping, was associated with psychiatric symptoms and partially mediated the relationship between anxious attachment and psychiatric symptoms. Avoidant coping also fully or partially mediated the relationships of avoidant attachment to depression and PTSD symptoms. The findings of this study increase our knowledge of mechanisms that contribute to psychiatric symptoms among military populations, which in turn can guide treatment planning and interventions.
23

Análise de canabinóides e cocaínicos em amostras de cabelo e sua correlação com sintomas psiquiátricos / Analysis of cannabinoids and cocainics in hair samples and correlation with psychiatric symptoms

Alves, Marcela Nogueira Rabelo 08 July 2015 (has links)
O consumo dos diferentes tipos de drogas está associado a problemas sociais, econômicos e de saúde pública, em todas as regiões no mundo. Dentre os problemas de saúde pública, podemos destacar a alta prevalência de comorbidade entre o uso de drogas e os transtornos mentais. A Cannabis, a cocaína e o crack são as drogas ilícitas mais consumidas no Brasil. A utilização do cabelo como matriz biológica para determinação destas drogas permite avaliar o uso crônicos pelos indivíduos, uma vez que o cabelo é uma matriz estável, de fácil manipulação e a janela de detecção depende apenas do comprimento do cabelo. Entretanto, a análise em cabelo ainda representa um desafio analítico. Foram desenvolvidos dois métodos para a detecção das diferentes drogas no cabelo, com diferentes enfoques analíticos. O primeiro método (desenvolvido durante o estágio de doutorado sanduíche na Itália) identificou e quantificou cocaína e metabólitos usando a técnica de column switching e detecção por LC-MS/MS. O segundo método foi desenvolvido para determinação de canabinóides nas amostras de cabelo utilizando GC-MS. O diferencial deste método foi a utilização de um novo dispositivo de extração em fase sólida (as ponteiras DPX) para concentração e purificação do extrato, utilizando menor quantidade de solventes. A determinação dos canabinóides e cocaínicos foi realizada nas amostras de cabelo da população atendida no CAPS - AD de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. Além da coleta da amostra de cabelo, o sujeito foi submetido a uma entrevista, onde os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação foram aplicadas: Questionário sobre a saúde do Paciente 9, Inventário de fobia social, Self Report Questionnaire, Questionário de Ansiedade de Beck, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Questionário sobre o uso da Cannabis, bem como um questionário elaborado pelo pesquisador para coleta de dados sociodemográficos, consumo de substâncias e dados sobre a amostra de cabelo, como comprimento, cor, tintura ou coloração. As amostras de cabelo foram analisadas e a média das concentrações de cada droga encontrada no cabelo foi correlacionada com os indicadores clínicos de transtorno mentais, obtidos através dos instrumentos de avaliação psiquiátrica. A maior prevalência de indicadores clínicos positivos para transtornos psiquiátricos entre a população estudada foi de transtornos mentais comuns, entre eles a ansiedade e depressão. A comparação da média de concentração de Cannabis, cocaína e crack no cabelo com os indicadores clínicos positivos para os transtornos não apresentou resultados estatisticamente significantes. Entretanto, podemos inferir que os sujeitos que apresentaram maior concentração média de Cannabis e cocaína no cabelo possuíam mais indicadores clínicos positivos para sintomas mentais comuns e depressão maior enquanto que os sujeitos usuários de crack possuíam mais indicadores clínicos positivos para sintomas ansiedade. Apesar de algumas limitações, podemos concluir que o estudo possibilitou estimar a prevalência da morbidade entre abuso de drogas ilícitas e transtornos psiquiátricos na população atendida no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e drogas de Ribeirão Preto. / Different kinds of drug use have been associated to social, economic and health public problems worldwide. Among the high prevalent public health problems is the comorbidity between drug abuse and psychiatric disorders. Cannabis, cocaine and crack are the most consumed illicit drugs in Brazil. Hair use as the biological matrix for the determination of these drugs allows to evaluate chronic use, once hair is a stable matrix, easy to manipulate and the window detection only depends on the size of the hair. However, hair analysis still represents an analytical challenge. It was developed two methods for the detection of the drugs in hair, with different analytical approach. The first method (developed during doctoral stage in Italy) had identified and quantified cocaine and metabolites using column switching technique and LCMS/ MS detection. The second method was developed for determination of cannabinoids in hair samples using GC-MS. Decontamination procedure was the same cited above. The differential of this method was the use of a new device in solid phase extraction (DPX tips) for the extracts concentration and purification, using less solvents volumes. Cannabinoids and cocaine analysis were performed in hair samples from people who were enrolled in the CAPS - AD of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. Besides hair collection, the individual was submitted to an interview, where it was applied the following evaluation scales: Patient health questionnaire - 9, Social phobia inventory, Self report questionnaire, Beck anxiety inventory, Beck depression inventory and Cannabis research questionnaire as well as a questionnaire made by the author to collect sociodemographic data, substance consume and hair data. Hair samples were analyzed and the concentrations were correlated with positive clinical factors of mental disorders obtained through evaluation scales. The highest prevalence of positive clinical indicators for psychiatric disorders among the population studied was of common mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. The comparison of the average concentration of Cannabis, cocaine and crack in the hair with the positive clinical indicators for the disorders did not show statistically significant results. However, we can infer that the subjects who had higher average concentration of Cannabis and cocaine in hair had showed positive indicators for common mental symptoms and major depression as well as the subjects who had higher average concentration of crack in hair had showed positive indicators for anxiety. Despite of some limitations, we can conclude that the study had allowed estimating the prevalence of morbidity among illicit drugs abuse and psychiatric disorders in the population enrolled in the psychosocial care center in Ribeirão Preto.
24

Análise de canabinóides e cocaínicos em amostras de cabelo e sua correlação com sintomas psiquiátricos / Analysis of cannabinoids and cocainics in hair samples and correlation with psychiatric symptoms

Marcela Nogueira Rabelo Alves 08 July 2015 (has links)
O consumo dos diferentes tipos de drogas está associado a problemas sociais, econômicos e de saúde pública, em todas as regiões no mundo. Dentre os problemas de saúde pública, podemos destacar a alta prevalência de comorbidade entre o uso de drogas e os transtornos mentais. A Cannabis, a cocaína e o crack são as drogas ilícitas mais consumidas no Brasil. A utilização do cabelo como matriz biológica para determinação destas drogas permite avaliar o uso crônicos pelos indivíduos, uma vez que o cabelo é uma matriz estável, de fácil manipulação e a janela de detecção depende apenas do comprimento do cabelo. Entretanto, a análise em cabelo ainda representa um desafio analítico. Foram desenvolvidos dois métodos para a detecção das diferentes drogas no cabelo, com diferentes enfoques analíticos. O primeiro método (desenvolvido durante o estágio de doutorado sanduíche na Itália) identificou e quantificou cocaína e metabólitos usando a técnica de column switching e detecção por LC-MS/MS. O segundo método foi desenvolvido para determinação de canabinóides nas amostras de cabelo utilizando GC-MS. O diferencial deste método foi a utilização de um novo dispositivo de extração em fase sólida (as ponteiras DPX) para concentração e purificação do extrato, utilizando menor quantidade de solventes. A determinação dos canabinóides e cocaínicos foi realizada nas amostras de cabelo da população atendida no CAPS - AD de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. Além da coleta da amostra de cabelo, o sujeito foi submetido a uma entrevista, onde os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação foram aplicadas: Questionário sobre a saúde do Paciente 9, Inventário de fobia social, Self Report Questionnaire, Questionário de Ansiedade de Beck, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Questionário sobre o uso da Cannabis, bem como um questionário elaborado pelo pesquisador para coleta de dados sociodemográficos, consumo de substâncias e dados sobre a amostra de cabelo, como comprimento, cor, tintura ou coloração. As amostras de cabelo foram analisadas e a média das concentrações de cada droga encontrada no cabelo foi correlacionada com os indicadores clínicos de transtorno mentais, obtidos através dos instrumentos de avaliação psiquiátrica. A maior prevalência de indicadores clínicos positivos para transtornos psiquiátricos entre a população estudada foi de transtornos mentais comuns, entre eles a ansiedade e depressão. A comparação da média de concentração de Cannabis, cocaína e crack no cabelo com os indicadores clínicos positivos para os transtornos não apresentou resultados estatisticamente significantes. Entretanto, podemos inferir que os sujeitos que apresentaram maior concentração média de Cannabis e cocaína no cabelo possuíam mais indicadores clínicos positivos para sintomas mentais comuns e depressão maior enquanto que os sujeitos usuários de crack possuíam mais indicadores clínicos positivos para sintomas ansiedade. Apesar de algumas limitações, podemos concluir que o estudo possibilitou estimar a prevalência da morbidade entre abuso de drogas ilícitas e transtornos psiquiátricos na população atendida no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e drogas de Ribeirão Preto. / Different kinds of drug use have been associated to social, economic and health public problems worldwide. Among the high prevalent public health problems is the comorbidity between drug abuse and psychiatric disorders. Cannabis, cocaine and crack are the most consumed illicit drugs in Brazil. Hair use as the biological matrix for the determination of these drugs allows to evaluate chronic use, once hair is a stable matrix, easy to manipulate and the window detection only depends on the size of the hair. However, hair analysis still represents an analytical challenge. It was developed two methods for the detection of the drugs in hair, with different analytical approach. The first method (developed during doctoral stage in Italy) had identified and quantified cocaine and metabolites using column switching technique and LCMS/ MS detection. The second method was developed for determination of cannabinoids in hair samples using GC-MS. Decontamination procedure was the same cited above. The differential of this method was the use of a new device in solid phase extraction (DPX tips) for the extracts concentration and purification, using less solvents volumes. Cannabinoids and cocaine analysis were performed in hair samples from people who were enrolled in the CAPS - AD of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. Besides hair collection, the individual was submitted to an interview, where it was applied the following evaluation scales: Patient health questionnaire - 9, Social phobia inventory, Self report questionnaire, Beck anxiety inventory, Beck depression inventory and Cannabis research questionnaire as well as a questionnaire made by the author to collect sociodemographic data, substance consume and hair data. Hair samples were analyzed and the concentrations were correlated with positive clinical factors of mental disorders obtained through evaluation scales. The highest prevalence of positive clinical indicators for psychiatric disorders among the population studied was of common mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. The comparison of the average concentration of Cannabis, cocaine and crack in the hair with the positive clinical indicators for the disorders did not show statistically significant results. However, we can infer that the subjects who had higher average concentration of Cannabis and cocaine in hair had showed positive indicators for common mental symptoms and major depression as well as the subjects who had higher average concentration of crack in hair had showed positive indicators for anxiety. Despite of some limitations, we can conclude that the study had allowed estimating the prevalence of morbidity among illicit drugs abuse and psychiatric disorders in the population enrolled in the psychosocial care center in Ribeirão Preto.
25

Associations between pituitary-thyroid hormones and depressive symptoms in individuals with anorexia nervosa before and after weight-recovery

Wronski, Marie-Louis, Tam, Friederike I., Seidel, Maria, Mirtschink, Peter, Poitz, David M., Bahnsen, Klaas, Steinhäuser, Jonas L., Bauer, Michael, Roessner, Veit, Ehrlich, Stefan 13 April 2023 (has links)
Background: There is sound evidence that the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis plays a role in mood regulation. Alterations in this axis, particularly low triiodothyronine syndrome, are a common neuroendocrine adaptation to semi-starvation in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), who also frequently suffer from co-existing depressive symptoms. We therefore aimed to investigate the associations between pituitary-thyroid function and psychopathology, in particular depressive symptoms, at different stages of AN using a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study design. Methods: Pituitary-thyroid status (FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; conversion ratio FT3/FT4; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone) was assessed in 77 young acutely underweight females with AN (acAN) and in 55 long-term weight-recovered individuals with former AN (recAN) in a cross-sectional comparison to 122 healthy controls (HC). Further, pituitary-thyroid status of 48 acAN was reassessed after short-term weight-restoration. We performed correlation analyses of pituitary-thyroid parameters with self-reported measures of psychopathology. Results: AcAN showed significantly lower FT3, FT4, FT3/FT4 ratio, and TSH levels compared to HC. Pituitary-thyroid alterations were partly reversed after short-term weight-restoration. RecAN still had lower FT3 concentrations than HC. Lower FT3 concentrations and FT3/FT4 ratios were associated with more severe depressive symptoms in acAN, occurring prominently in cases of manifest low triiodothyronine syndrome. Longitudinally increasing FT3/FT4 ratios (change scores) were inversely correlated with depressive and general psychiatric symptoms after short-term weight-restoration. Conclusions: Our results suggest a potential modulation of the severity of depressive symptoms by temporarily decreased FT3 concentrations and inhibited thyroid hormone conversion (FT3/FT4 ratios) in acutely underweight AN. Associations between conversion ratios FT3/FT4 and psychopathology seem to persist across short-term weight-restoration. The findings of our study might have relevant clinical implications, ranging from thyroid monitoring to experimental low-dose thyroid hormone supplementation in certain patients with AN showing severe psychiatric impairment and overt thyroid hormone alterations.

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