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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Les études d’opinion se contentent généralement de mesurer une opinion, une réponse considérée comme l’attitude dusujet. Pourtant, si on nous pose la question, nous sommes capables de donner plusieurs opinions, plusieurs réponses que nous avons intériorisées lors de nos interactions avec autrui, dans un répertoire de réponses (Moscovici, 1970). Ce faisant, nous assumons l’attitude d’Autrui (Mead, 1934) qui médiatise ainsi notre rapport à l’objet (Moscovici, 1984) : chaque prise de position est le résultat d’un dialogue interne entretenu par le sujet avec autrui et ses réponses (Marková, 2005). Notre objectif dans cette thèse est d’inventer une méthode permettant d’appréhender ce répertoire de réponses.Nous avons testé ainsi un paradigme qui va nous permettre d’observer, dans nos deux premières études, la multiplicité deréponses dont nous disposons dans notre répertoire, ainsi que leur caractère partagé et cohérent. Une troisième étude, appuyée sur cette méthode, nous a permis de constater que le niveau d’élaboration des répertoires de réponses est lié à l’implication de l’individu vis-à-vis de l’objet. Nous avons également pu observer le développement d’un répertoire de réponses, lors d’une étude de terrain menée, sur deux ans, dans un groupe restreint qui découvrait une nouvelle technologie. De façon générale, cette thèse apporte sa contribution à l’écriture de la grammaire du répertoire de réponses en présentant un paradigme qui souligne le caractère multiple de l’opinion. / Opinion surveys usually settle for measuring opinion, an answer considered to be the participant’s attitude toward the subject. Yet when further questioned, we are able to give several opinions, several answers, that we have internalized from our interactions with others, into a repertoire of responses (Moscovici, 1970). In doing so, we assume the attitude of others (Mead, 1934) thus mediating our relationship to the object (Moscovici, 1984): each position is the result of an internal dialogue, maintained by the subject with others and their responses (Markova, 2005). Our goal in this thesis is to invent a method to understand this repertoire of responses. Thus, in our first two studies, we tested a paradigm that allows us to observe, the multiplicity of responses that are available in our repertoire, as well as their shared and coherent nature. A thirdstudy based on this method, enabled us to observe that the degree of development of the repertoire of responses is related to the involvement of the individual in regard to the object. We were also able to observe the development of a repertoire of responses in a field study lasting over two years, in a small group who discovered a new technology. Generally, this thesis contributes to writing the grammar of the repertoire of responses by presenting a paradigm that emphasizes the varied nature of opinion.

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INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic treatment can include physical and/or psychosocial elements in addition to straightening teeth. OBJECTIVE: Of importance to this study was to explore the correlation between malocclusion and psychosocial well-being from the perspective of younger patients, their caregivers, through the inclusion of normative criteria. MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Data was collected at a single point in time from a sample of prospective patients. Eighty-six patients and their caregivers met the inclusion criteria and were asked to complete the questionnaires. The mean age of patients included in the study was 13.57 +/- 1.57 years (55 females and 31 males). Data was collected through clinical exams. Patients were assessed using the dental and aesthetic component grades of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). RESULTS: Caregivers’ satisfaction with the patient’s body image correlated with the patients’ satisfaction with their body image (p<0.05). Caregivers' satisfaction with tooth appearance correlated with the IOTN aesthetic component grade (p<0.05). As the satisfaction score increases (reflecting overall dissatisfaction with body image), the more likely that the patient actually needs treatment. There is no significant correlation between patients’ satisfaction with their teeth and IOTN dental and aesthetic component grades (p>0.05). Caregivers' motivation, in comparison to the patients’ motivations to seek orthodontic treatment was significant (p<0.05). No significant gender differences were found with regards to being bullied about dental appearance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Malocclusion does impact perceptions of psychosocial well-being. / May 2016

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006. / Prepared for: Dept. of Nurse Anesthesia. Bibliography: leaves 90-101. Available online via the Internet.

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