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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Enactment psicanalítico : como psicanalistas entendem, identificam e elaboram - estudo descritivo qualitativo

Severo, Charlie Trelles January 2015 (has links)
Introdução - Pesquisas em relação à análise e à psicoterapia com orientação psicanalítica são fundamentais e tem demonstrado a eficácia destas práticas psicoterapêuticas. Estas são hoje entendidas, por algumas abordagens teóricas, como decorrentes da relação estabelecida entre o profissional e o paciente, estabelecendo assim um processo interrelacional. O funcionamento psicológico deste par é absolutamente presente e dominante no desenrolar deste processo, expresso através de inúmeros fenômenos, como transferência, contratransferência, identificação projetiva, campo analítico e, mais recentemente, enactment. Este último é definindo, no conteúdo psicanalítico, como um fenômeno inconsciente que ocorre entre a dupla terapêutica, analista e paciente, na qual ambos atuam conjuntamente (“encenam”) o conflito inconsciente que se manifesta. Evidencia-se como um ato que leva o outro a também agir reciprocamente, sem o predomínio da reflexão. Objetivo – Descrever como psicanalistas entendem, conceituam, identificam e elaboram o fenômeno encatment em sua prática profissional. Participantes - dois analistas em formação psicanalítica, quatro psicanalistas membros associados e dois analistas didatas vinculados a uma instituição de formação psicanalítica associada à IPA (International Psychoanalytical Association) no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Constitui-se uma amostra não-probabilística, intencional e por conveniência, utilizando o método de saturação para a sua totalização. O anonimato dos participantes está garantido através do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido-TCLE. Método - Estudo descritivo qualitativo. A interpretação dos dados é realizada pela Análise de Conteúdo, conforme Bardin. Foram realizadas oito entrevistas semi-estruturadas, face-a-face, gravadas e transcritas pelo pesquisador, utilizando como guia um questionário misto (questões fechadas e abertas), elaborado pelos autores do presente trabalho, com o qual os psicanalistas expressaram suas ideias e experiências. Esta pesquisa está aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos (CEP/PROPESQ/UFRGS/Brasil) sob o número 443.358 em 01 de novembro de 2013 e está registrada na Plataforma Brasil. Resultados e Conclusões - São apresentados em três categorias finais de respostas: Fundamentação Teórica, Fundamentação Técnica e Nível de Experiência. Enactment é entendido conforme fundamentação psicanalítica teórico-técnica. Psicanalistas responderam que é um fenômeno inconsciente, expresso através da ‘encenação’ de conflitos psíquicos, do paciente e do analista, que se entrecruzam no campo analítico. Sua manifestação possibilita identificar padrão das relações objetais, atualizadas na relação transferencial/contratransferencial, através da identificação projetiva. Se não identificados e interpretados, impedem a evolução terapêutica, desenvolvendo conluios ou impasses entre o par analítico. Identificam o fenômeno como conceito psicanalítico atual, em amadurecimento, também considerado como útil do ponto de vista técnico/terapêutico, favorecendo a interpretação no aqui-agora da situação analítica. O tempo de exercício profissional, associado à formação e ao investimento pessoal para ampliação do conhecimento, favorece, ao analista, atitude na qual a técnica apreendida passa a ser utilizada com mais segurança. Sugere que as vivências têm valor na construção da noção do que constitui o psíquico humano. O conjunto destas respostas sugere a existência, nas sociedades psicanalíticas, de formação profissional sólida e congruente. O fenômeno enactment é caracterizado como um dos mais atuais que reflete a ênfase contemporânea da Psicanálise à relação da dupla terapêutica, justificando a continuidade de estudos que ampliem as noções de desenvolvimento teórico e técnico psicanalíticos. / Introduction - Research in relation to analysis and psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy are fundamental and have demonstrated the effectiveness of these psychotherapeutic practices. These are nowadays understood, by some theoretical approaches, as deriving from the relationship established between the professional and the patient, creating in this way an inter-relational process. The psychological functioning of this pair is absolutely present and dominant in the unwinding of this process, expressed through innumerable phenomena, such as transference, counter-transference, projective identification, analytic field and, more recently, enactment. This latter is defined, in the psychoanalytic realm, as an unconscious phenomenon that occurs in the therapeutic relationship between the analyst and the patient, in which both act out together ("stage") the unconscious conflict that is manifested. This phenomenon is expressed as an act that leads the other party to also act reciprocally, without any preponderance of reflection (fully developed thought). Objective - Describe how analysts understand, conceptualize, identify and elaborate the enactment phenomenon in their professional practice. Participants - Two analysts undergoing psychoanalytic training, four associate member psychoanalysts and two training analysts related to an institution of psychoanalytic training associated to the IPA (International Psychoanalytical Association) in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. It constitutes a non-probabilistic sample, intentional and for convenience sake, using the saturation method for its totalization. The anonymity of the participants is guaranteed through the Free and Clarified Term of Informed Consent. Method - A descriptive, qualitative study. The interpretation of the data is performed through the Analysis of Content, according to Bardin. Eight semi-structured interviews were performed, face-to-face, recorded and transcribed by the researcher, using as a guide a mixed questionnaire (closed questions and open ones), elaborated by the authors of the present work, with which the psychoanalysts expressed their ideas and experience. This research is approved by the Ethics Committee in Research with Human Beings (CEP/PROPESQ/UFRGS/Brazil) registered under number 443.358. Results and Conclusions - They are presented in three final answer categories: Theoretical Foundation, Technical Rationale and Level of Experience. Enactment is understood according to theoretical - technical psychoanalytic foundation. Psychoanalysts answered that it is an unconscious phenomenon, expressed through the ‘staging’ of psychic conflicts, of the patient and of the analyst, that intersect in the analytic field. Their manifestation enables identifying patterns of objects, updated in the transference/counter-transference relationship, through projective identification. If not identified and interpreted, they hinder the therapeutic evolution, developing collusions or impasses between the analytic pair. They identify the phenomenon as a current psychoanalytical concept, maturing, also considered as a useful technical/therapeutic standpoint, favoring the here-and-now interpretation of the analytical situation. Professional practicing time, associated with training and personal investment for the expansion of knowledge, favors the analyst, attitude in which the learnt technique becomes used with more security. It suggests that the experiences have value in building the notion of what constitutes human psychic. All of these responses suggest the existence, in psychoanalytic societies, of a solid and consistent professional training. The enactment phenomenon is characterized as one of the most current that reflect the contemporary emphasis of Psychoanalysis to the relationship of the therapeutic pair, justifying the continuity of studies that expand the notions of theoretical and technical psychoanalytic development.
12

The therapeutic process in psychological treatments for eating disorders: a systematic review

Brauhardt, Anne, de Zwaan, Martina, Hilbert, Anja January 2014 (has links)
Objective: For eating disorders, a vast number of investigations have demonstrated the efficacy of psychological treatments. However, evidence supporting the impact of therapeutic process aspects on outcome (i.e., process-outcome research) has not been disentangled. Method: Using the Generic Model of Psychotherapy (GMP) to organize various process aspects, a systematic literature search was conducted on psychological treatment studies for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and eating disorders not otherwise specified. Results: Improved outcomes resulted for family-based treatment compared to individual treatment, for individual compared to group treatment, booster sessions, and positive patient expectations (GMP contract aspect); for nutritional counseling and exercising but not exposure with response prevention as adjunct interventions (therapeutic operations); for highly motivated patients and, to a lesser extent, for therapeutic alliance (therapeutic bond); as well as for rapid response and longer overall treatment duration (temporal patterns). Regarding other GMP aspects, studies on self-relatedness were completely lacking and in-session impacts were rarely investigated. Discussion: As most studies assessed only a limited number of process aspects, the ability to draw conclusions about their overall impact regarding outcome is rather limited. Therefore, future process-outcome research is needed beyond investigations of treatment efficacy for eating disorders.

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