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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Two Wrongs Make a Right: High Salinity and Low Light Intensity Protects Polar Algae from Heat Stress

Osmers, Pomona 17 November 2023 (has links)
The world is dominated by cold environments that include the poles, the deep ocean, and alpine regions. Polar algae support the aquatic food chain and are increasingly threatened by climate change. With a changing climate, ice cover is decreasing with increased temperatures, leading to changes in light availability and salinity. Using two closely related but geographically distant algal species, Chlamydomonas priscuii and Chlamydomonas malina, we examined how the heat stress responses changed depending on their culturing conditions. C. malina was isolated from the Beauford Sea in the Canadian Arctic and C. priscuii is from the permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney, Antarctica. This work looks at two questions; (1) how cold adapted algae responds to changing conditions and subsequent heat stress, and (2) what contributes to stress resistance? We found that algae show robust growth across a wide spectrum of light and salinity but have the fastest growth rates at low salinity and high light intensities. These fast-growing algae are the most susceptible to heat stress indicating liability during climate change. High salinity grown algae were more resilient when challenged by heat stress in the terms of maintaining photosynthetic efficiency, attenuated ROS production, and delayed cell death. At high salinity C. priscuii produces high levels of glycerol which for the first time in green algae has been shown to contribute to thermotolerance. Overall, this work provides insight into the stress resilience of psychrophiles, something that is especially pertinent in our age of rapid climate change.
2

Temperature sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a potential vaccine candidate

Pinto, Crystal Tina 29 June 2015 (has links)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the most common worldwide causes of illness and death due to an infectious disease. The emergence of multiple and extreme-drug resistant strains has increased the need to find an effective vaccine for tuberculosis. The goal of our research group is to engineer a temperature-sensitive (TS) M. tuberculosis strain that can be used as a tool in vaccine development. One approach to create TS M. tuberculosis involves the integration of the essential gene ligA encoding a TS NAD+ dependent DNA ligase, which was taken from the psychrophilic organism Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. The integration and functioning of ligA was demonstrated in the fast-growing organism Mycobacterium smegmatis. This strain had a TS phenotype with growth limited to below 37°C. The strain was found to have a stable TS phenotype and did not mutate to a temperature-resistant form at a detectable level. Following experiments with the fast growing M. smegmatis, the integration of the ligA gene was attempted in slow-growing M. tuberculosis. Merodiploids of M. tuberculosis containing both the psychrophilic and the WT ligA gene in its chromosome were obtained. The second approach used for the development of TS M. tuberculosis was the directed evolution of native M. tuberculosis essential genes. An advantage of this approach is that the gene encoding the essential protein will resemble the native M. tuberculosis gene and thus will closely match the native transcriptional and translational rates. A system to screen and select for TS essential genes engineered by directed evolution was designed, where the essential gene on the chromosome of E. coli was knocked out and this gene was supplied on a conditionally replicating plasmid. As a first step in developing this directed evolution approach, a family of conditionally replicating plasmids were created and tested in an essential gene knock-out strain of E. coli. / Graduate
3

Psychrophilic diatoms in ice-covered Lake Erie

D'souza, Nigel A. 23 March 2012 (has links)
No description available.
4

Genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics of cold adaptation in arctic Mesorhizobium sp. N33

Ghobakhlou, Abdollah 19 April 2018 (has links)
La souche arctique Mesorhizobium sp. N33 est une bactérie psychrotrophe reconnue comme l'un des rhizobiums fixateurs d'azote le mieux adapté au froid. Le profil transcriptomique et métabolomique de la souche arctique N33 a été déterminé en identifiant les patrons d'expression génétique et les changements des metabolites sous différents stress hypothermiques. Des études utilisant des macropuces et des micropuces d'ADN et la PCR quantitative en temps réel ont montré que différentes fonctions cellulaires sont significativement affectées à basse température. Les chaperonnes, les protéines de choc au froid, la transcription, la traduction, les fonctions membranaires, les métabolismes, les systèmes de transport des éléments nutritifs, la génération d'énergie, l'accumulation de cryoprotectants (polyamines et mannitol), la detoxification des espèces réactives à oxygène (ROS), l'activité xylukinase, des facteurs de transcription et des protéines ayant des fonctions inconnues sont significativement régulés à la hausse à basse température. Beaucoup moins de gènes sont régulés à la baisse à basse température et appartiennent à diverses classes dont le métabolisme général, la motilité cellulaire, les systèmes de transport et de sécrétion, qui indiquent dans leur ensemble une baisse du métabolisme et de la dépense énergétique à basse température. Des études métabolomiques, utilisant la Chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse et la résonance magnétique nucléaire, indiquent que la souche arctique N33 régule les niveaux de plusieurs composés. L'acide linoléique polyinsaturé (18:2(9, 12)) et l'acide gras polyinsaturé 18:2 (6, 9) sont les acides gras les plus abondants pour les conditions de cultures à basse température (4 et 10°C). L'acide gras phospho/neutre mono-insaturé 14:1(11) était le plus induit (45 fois plus élevé) lh de choc au froid. Cet acide gras rend la membrane cellulaire plus fluide, permet la detoxification des cellules des espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ROS) et agit comme source d'énergie pour les cellules. L'isobutyrate était hautement (19.4 fois plus élevé) augmenté à 4°C ce qui suggère que ce composé agit comme précurseur de la modification des acides gras à basses temperatures. Les analyses des voies métaboliques des composées hydrosolubles indiquent la présence de niveaux élevés des metabolites sarcosine et glycine à faible température suggérant que ces composés agissent comme cryoprotectants, ce qui pourrait avoir un impact substantiel sur l'adaptation au froid. La souche N33 démontre plusieurs changements moléculaires reliés à sa capacité de tolérance au froid. Les résultats préliminaires sur le séquençage de la souche N33 et son assemblage en 46 segments (7.13Mbps) sont aussi rapportés dans cette thèse.

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