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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Regulatory Elements Controlling Lipase and Metalloprotease Production in Pseudomonas fluorescens B52

McCarthy, Conor Neil, n/a January 2003 (has links)
Psychrotrophic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas fluorescens B52, are a major cause of milk spoilage at refrigeration temperature due to the production of lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes. Regulatory mechanisms controlling the production of lipase and protease by the B52 lipA and aprX genes were investigated. Transposon mutagenesis identified the possible involvement of a poly-A polymerase enzyme which destabilises mRNA by 3' polyadenylation. A homologue of the E. coli EnvZ/OmpR two-component sensor/regulator system was identified by transposon mutagenesis and shown to repress lipase and protease production. This system responds to Na+ and K+ concentration in E. coli and these ions were also shown to repress lipase and protease expression in B52, however the EnvZ/OmpR system is not solely responsible for this. Assays of translational lacZ fusions with aprX and lipA were used to speculate on the mechanism by which Na+ and EnvZ/OmpR repress the aprX-lipA operon. A membrane-bound sensor, MspA, which regulates protease production in P. fluorescens LS107d<SUB>2</SUB>, was shown to exist in B52 but mutagenesis of the B52 mspA gene had no effect on lipase and protease expression. A homologue of the P. fluorescens CHA0 rsmA gene, encoding an RNA-binding translation repressor, was found in B52. Although aprX and possibly lipA contain consensus sequences for RsmA, mutagenesis of rsmA had no significant effect on lipase and protease expression. Repression of lipase and protease expression by Na+ was increased by expression of the P. fluorescens M114 pbrA sigma-factor gene in B52.
2

Influência da microbiota psicrotrófica no rendimento de queijo Minas Frescal elaborado com leite estocado sob refrigeração / Psychrotrophic bacteria present in refrigerated milk on Minas Frescal cheese yield effect

Cardoso, Rodrigo Rezende 16 March 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 780684 bytes, checksum: 95e7e3b5d38de6b4ae7eeb032a065277 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The raw milk storage under cooling temperatures selects the psychrotropic bacteria growth including species able to produce heat resistant proteases and lipases that are usually associated with milk quality deterioration. The decrease in the cheese production yield is an important problem associated with the psychrotrophic bacteria growth in the refrigerated raw milk. This work aimed to evaluate the relation between the psychrotrophic bacteria population present in the cooled raw milk and the yield of Minas Frescal cheese production. The raw milk was stored at 10 °C, for up to four days, it was pasteurized, and daily used for the Minas Frescal cheese production. Concomitantly, the number of psychrotrophic, proteolytic and lipolytic psychrotrophic bacteria and protease and lipase activity was evaluated in the raw milk. The raw milk maintenance at 10 °C made possible the psychrotrophic bacteria growth, with an increase of two logarithmic cycles in the proteolytic psychrotrophic bacteria population and of, approximately, three logarithmic cycles in the lipolytic psychrotrophic bacteria population, after four days of storage. The protease and lipase activities increased during the refrigerated raw milk storage, presenting superior values to the ones of the recently milked milk. A decrease of 6.78% in liters of milk per kg of cheese and 6.38 % in grams of total solids of cheese per liter of milk when the product was done with cooled milk stored for four days, was observed. The psychrotrophic bacteria number present in that milk varied from 108 CFU mL-1 to 109 CFU mL-1, and the proteolytic and lipolytic psychrotrophic bacteria populations were higher than 107 CFU mL-1. For the same storage period, an increase in the total nitrogen, fat and total solids concentrations in the serum from the Minas Frescal cheese production, was verified. It was estimated that, for an industry able to process 50.000 liters of milk per day, designating 33% of this amount to produce Minas Frescal cheese, the economic losses associated with the decrease in the cheese production are estimated in US$ 15,480.00 per month. / A estocagem do leite cru sob refrigeração favorece a seleção de bactérias psicrotróficas, incluindo espécies produtoras de proteases e lipases termorresistentes que são associadas à perdas de qualidade do leite e seus derivados. Para as indústrias de queijos, um dos principais problemas causados em decorrência da contaminação e do crescimento de bactérias psicrotróficas no leite cru refrigerado é a redução do rendimento durante a fabricação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar o rendimento do queijo Minas Frescal com a população de bactérias psicrotróficas no leite cru refrigerado granelizado. O leite cru foi estocado a 10 °C, por até quatro dias, posteriormente pasteurizado e, diariamente, utilizado para a fabricação de queijo Minas Frescal. Paralelamente, foram quantificadas as microbiotas psicrotrófica, psicrotrófica proteolítica e lipolítica e a atividade proteolítica e lipolítica do leite cru. A manutenção do leite cru a 10 °C possibilitou um crescimento da microbiota psicrotrófica, com um aumento de dois ciclos logarítmicos na população de bactérias psicrotróficas proteolíticas e de, aproximadamente, três ciclos logarítmicos na população de bactérias psicrotróficas lipolíticas, após quatro dias de estocagem. As atividades proteolítica e lipolítica aumentaram durante a estocagem do leite cru refrigerado, apresentando valores superiores aos do leite recém-ordenhado. Foi constatada uma redução de 6,78 % no rendimento em termos de litros de leite por quilograma de queijo e de 6,38 % em gramas de sólidos totais no queijo por litro de leite quando o queijo Minas Frescal foi fabricado com leite refrigerado armazenado por quatro dias. O leite cru que resultou nestas perdas de rendimento apresentava uma população de 108 UFC mL-1 a 109 UFC mL-1 de bactérias psicrotróficas e a população de bactérias psicrotróficas proteolíticas e lipolíticas era superior a 107 UFC mL-1. Verificou-se ainda, para o mesmo período de estocagem, um aumento das concentrações de nitrogênio total, gordura e sólidos totais no soro proveniente da fabricação do queijo Minas Frescal. As perdas econômicas decorrentes da redução do rendimento da fabricação de queijo Minas Frescal foram estimadas em US$ 15,480.00 por mês, para uma indústria de laticínios processadora de 50.000 litros de leite por dia e que destine 33% do leite captado a fabricação de queijo Minas Frescal.
3

Qualidade microbiológica da água e do leite e ocorrência de Leite Instável Não Ácido (LINA) em propriedades de agricultura familiar do Planalto Norte de Santa Catarina / Microbiological quality of water and milk and occurrence of unstable non-acid milk (UNAM) in family farms of Planalto Norte of Santa Catarina

Voges, Joana Gerent 29 June 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA173.pdf: 751760 bytes, checksum: 23f614e28b7b6a81f91e72de196f5cb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Milk production is an important income for family farmers, but to act competitively in the market the dairy sector needs to raise the quality of its raw material. The study aimed to evaluate the factors that influence water quality and milk quality and unstable non-acid milk (UNAM) occurrence in family farms of Planalto Norte of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The study also aimed to assess the influence of water quality used in farm on the milk quality, and to establish relation between bacterial contamination and concentration of CMP in milk. The farms were characterized by a semi-structured questionnaire guide. Samples were collected for analysis of milk composition, somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC) and psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC). It carried out the alcohol test, titratable acidity and pH, and CMP index was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyzes performed in water were CBP, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35ºC and mesophilic aerobic. The food offered to animals also were analyzed. Data were subject to factor and cluster analysis, and broken-line model analysis using SAS statistical package. The most appropriate strategies of animal feed, with consequent improvement of animal productivity and increase of lactose content in milk were related to a lower occurrence of UNAM, which had little relation with farm structure and with season. The farm structure also had little influence on milk microbiological quality. Already the milking management influenced the bacterial contamination, and these were related to CMP concentration in milk. The water quality used in dairy farms was not related to milk quality. Rainfall and water source affected the microbiological contamination in water / A produção de leite é uma importante fonte de renda para agricultura familiar, mas para atuar de modo competitivo no mercado o setor lácteo precisa elevar a qualidade da sua matéria-prima. O estudo objetivou avaliar os fatores que influenciam na qualidade da água e do leite e na ocorrência de leite instável não ácido (LINA) em propriedades de agricultura familiar do Planalto Norte de Santa Catarina. O trabalho também objetivou verificar a influência da qualidade da água utilizada na propriedade sobre a qualidade do leite produzido, além de estabelecer a relação entre a contaminação bacteriana e a concentração de caseinomacropeptídeo (CMP) no leite. As propriedades foram caracterizadas por meio de um questionário guia semi-estruturado. Foram coletadas amostras de leite para analisar sua composição, contagem de células somáticas (CCS), contagem bacteriana total (CBT), e contagem de bactérias psicrotróficas (CBP). Realizou-se o teste do álcool, análises de acidez titulável e pH, e determinou-se o índice CMP por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Na água, foram realizadas análises de CBP, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35ºC e aeróbios mesófilos. Também foram analisados os alimentos oferecidos aos animais. Os dados foram submetidos à análise fatorial e de agrupamento, e regressão segmentada (broken-line) utilizando o pacote estatístico SAS. As estratégias mais adequadas de alimentação animal, com consequente melhoria da produtividade e aumento do teor de lactose no leite, tiveram influência na menor ocorrência de LINA, que por sua vez apresentou pouca relação com a infra-estrutura das propriedades e com as estações do ano. A infra-estrutura das propriedades também teve pouca relação com a qualidade microbiológica do leite. Já o manejo de ordenha mostrou influência na contaminação bacteriana, que relacionou-se com a concentração de CMP no leite. A qualidade da água utilizada nas propriedades leiteiras não apresentou relação com a qualidade do leite. A precipitação pluviométrica e a origem da água afetaram a sua contaminação microbiológica

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