195f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-24T13:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Edna Miola.pdf: 841217 bytes, checksum: ed7c908226af672506f5dbc6ad1fc137 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T13:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Edna Miola.pdf: 841217 bytes, checksum: ed7c908226af672506f5dbc6ad1fc137 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A partir da discussão de conceitos fundamentais atinentes ao papel da radiodifusão pública, da reconstituição da trajetória do modelo brasileiro de serviço público de radiodifusão e da investigação dos principais aspectos a caracterizarem tal atividade (programação, financiamento e controle administrativo), este trabalho conduz uma reflexão a respeito das diversas modalidades de intervenção da sociedade nas emissoras públicas de rádio e televisão. Examina-se a participação do público no estabelecimento de diretrizes de funcionamento e na fiscalização da atuação das emissoras de rádio e televisão administradas pela Fundação Cultural Piratini Rádio e Televisão, empresa vinculada ao Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Considera-se relevante o estudo do Conselho deliberativo desta Fundação por se tratar de um âmbito institucional apto a privilegiar a participação formal da sociedade, oportunizando a ocorrência de debates voltados para aperfeiçoar a operação daquelas emissoras ligadas à radiodifusão pública. Uma vez identificado o caráter da participação da sociedade proposto pelo Conselho Deliberativo, são acionados os princípios concernentes à Teoria da Democracia Deliberativa, no intuito de se auxiliar na análise e na compreensão das características e dos modos de atuação deste órgão a partir de quatro aspectos: (1) a concepção e a natureza dessa esfera deliberativa; (2) o perfil do universo de participantes; (3) o escopo e o modo de condução das discussões e, finalmente; (4) os resultados da deliberação interna àquele colegiado. Com base na revisão bibliográfica, análise de documentos primários e secundários, e entrevistas em profundidade, conclui-se que a organização formal do Conselho, além de reger suas atividades, colabora para a inclusão de atores diversos na discussão de temas relacionados às emissoras da Fundação Cultural Piratini. Apesar disso, seu Regimento fornece poucos subsídios a fim de tornar suas recomendações acatadas ou consideradas efetivamente pelo Governo Estadual. Ainda assim, pode-se dizer que a criação do Conselho Deliberativo instituiu a discutibilidade das emissoras educativas e das políticas estaduais de radiodifusão, inédita até então. / Salvador

Competition in many market-driven media systems in advanced industrial countries can sometimes compromise traditional public service broadcast values such as programming for diversity, citizenship, minority interests and national identity. This study investigates the presence and effects of commercial-logic in a state-owned broadcaster in a developing country: the Malawi Broadcasting Corporation. Using indepth interviews and analysis of records on finance and programme schedules, the study finds overwhelming indicators of the presence of commercial logic, not driven by competition, but a commitment to provide a public service under deteriorating financial conditions. Distinguishing between the impacts of advertising and sponsorship markets on media output, the study finds contradictory effects of commercialisation. Some effects confirm some of the adverse effects of commercialisation such as heavy sponsorinfluence on programme content, self-censorship among programme producers who avoid injuring sponsors and producers paying more attention to sponsored programmes at the expense ofthe quality of some non-sponsored public service programmes. However, effects are not always contrary to public service broadcasting but may Indeed reinforce such broadcasting. Commercialisation in some instances has led to the sustenance of a range of non-sponsored public service programmes including programmes to promote culture and civic rights. In general, this study highlights the need to focus on what is realistically possible within the dynamics of the Malawi Society as a precondition for a proactive and elaborate strategy for commercialisation ofthe country's public broadcaster.

Cultural and educational functions of public service broadcasting come at a fortuitous time, as the changing environment of broadcasting is on various agendas. At the heart of this is the question of the present and future status of public service broadcasting. Major changes have taken place in the political economy of the media and the world economy at large, technological advancement has resulted in privatization and commercialization of the media. In most societies where these changes have taken place, public service broadcasting has been threatened by the rapid rise of commercial institutions, resulting in stiff competition for audiences. This study will examine the extent to which the adoption of the Commercialization Act (No 26) of 2001 in Zimbabwe has affected Radio Zimbabwe’s role as a public broadcaster. The study is based on the hypothesis that with the adoption of the Commercialization Act, Radio Zimbabwe is no longer playing its public service role effectively. The current nature of programming at Radio Zimbabwe as the research hopes to show will highlight tremendous changes towards a commercial logic. The study uses a combination of document analysis, secondary literature and qualitative interviews.

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Different types of nonprofit organizations including human service nonprofits like homeless shelters, public broadcasting organizations, and the like thrive on donations. Effective fundraising techniques are essential to a nonprofit’s existence. This research study explored a revised theory of planned behavior to include guilt and convenience in order to understand whether these factors are important in donors’ intentions to give. This study also examined the impact of two different kinds of guilt; anticipated guilt and existential guilt to determine if there was any difference between the types of guilt and the roles that they play as predicting factors in a revised TPB model. This study also explored how human service nonprofits and public broadcasting organizations compare in the factors that help better predict their donating intentions. An online survey was administered to a convenience sample, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine significant predicting factors within each revised TPB model. This study confirmed that the standard theory of planned behavior model was a significant predictor of intentions to donate for donors of both human service nonprofits and public broadcasting organizations. However, in both contexts, not all traditional factors of the TPB model contributed to the donation intentions. This study also provides further evidence that guilt can increase the predictive value of the standard TPB model for both types of nonprofits. Anticipated guilt more specifically, was a significant predicting factor for donors’ intentions to give to public broadcasting organizations. In contrast, convenience did not affect the explanatory power of the TPB model in either context. The TPB models for the two nonprofits are compared and theoretical and practical explanations are discussed.

This dissertation research examines the Korean Wave phenomenon as a social practice of globalization, in which state actors have promoted the transnational expansion of Korean popular culture through creating trans-local hybridization in popular content and intra-regional connections in the production system. This research focused on how three agencies – the government, public broadcasting, and the culture industry – have negotiated their relationships in the process of globalization, and how the power dynamics of these three production sectors have been influenced by Korean society’s politics, economy, geography, and culture. The importance of the national media system was identified in the (re)production of the Korean Wave phenomenon by examining how public broadcasting-centered media ecology has control over the development of the popular music culture within Korean society. The Korean Broadcasting System (KBS)’s weekly show, Music Bank, was the subject of analysis regarding changes in the culture of media production in the phase of globalization. In-depth interviews with media professionals and consumers who became involved in the show production were conducted in order to grasp the patterns that Korean television has generated in the global expansion of local cultural practices. In conclusion, the Korean Wave has rekindled national forces in spreading local popular content globally in three ways: 1) by deconstructing a binary approach of West vs. non-West, and Global vs. Local in order to understand media cultures and practices; 2) by understanding the rise of Northeast Asian media connections as part of a global culture; and 3) by decolonizing non-US/UK state actors to perceive their actions, which hinges on the ongoing centrality of nation-states in the global media sphere. / Media & Communication

So Ming Hang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-227). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Content --- p.vii / List of Table and figures --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction: the dilemma of RTHK and research questions --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Significance of the study: importance of the mass media and RTHK in the political process in Hong Kong --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the study: practical policy concerns for RTHK --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- The unstable financial situation of the public broadcasters around the world --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- "The political context of Hong Kong, which RTHK is situated" --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research questions --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: The normative role of public broadcaster and their performance in actual practice compared with commercial broadcaster --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Public vs Private --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3 --- Theoretical defense for the public broadcasting: Market failure in broadcasting --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Spectrum scarcity and failure of competition --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- """Public goods"" nature of broadcasting" --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Externality of the broadcasting as a media --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- The incapacity of the audience --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4 --- Spectrum scarcity: Weakening rationale --- p.35 / Chapter 2.5 --- "Market Solution for the ""public goods"" failure: Advertising" --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6 --- Empirical studies: The public broadcasters may not be very different --- p.39 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Information source/news source/guest --- p.39 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Topics/Agenda --- p.42 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Frames/Themes/Angle --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Other studies --- p.44 / Chapter 2.7 --- Theoretical explanation for the quite similar phenomenon between the public and commercial broadcasters --- p.46 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Political economy perspective --- p.47 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Sociological/Cultural approach --- p.48 / Chapter 2.8 --- Empirical studies: Public broadcaster make commercial broadcaster better --- p.49 / Chapter 2.9 --- Empirical studies: Public broadcasters still show its unique role --- p.50 / Chapter 2.10 --- Empirical studies: Public broadcaster may be different but pro-government (the presence of political pressure) --- p.52 / Chapter 2.11 --- The study on Hong Kong mass media and Public Broadcasting --- p.55 / Chapter 2.12 --- Summary --- p.60 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- The historical background and expected distinctive mission of RTHK in Hong Kong --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2 --- The basic structure and existing service of RTHK --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3 --- The historical development of RTHK as a public broadcaster --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4 --- The existing base for RTHK working as a public broadcaster --- p.71 / Chapter 3.5 --- Role of RTHK as a different broadcaster: claimed by RTHK and the government --- p.73 / Chapter 3.6 --- Role of RTHK as a different broadcaster: expected and interpreted by the public --- p.78 / Chapter 3.7 --- Role of RTHK as a different broadcaster: expected and interpreted by the pro-China camp --- p.80 / Chapter 3.8 --- Summary: High expectation on RTHK to act differently --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Research method and design: The coverage of RTHK on 2004 Hong Kong Legislative Council election compared with the commercial broadcasters --- p.84 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2 --- 2004 Legislative Council Election as a case to compare the public and commercial broadcaster --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Radio broadcasting in Hong Kong --- p.87 / Chapter 4.4 --- Commercial radio broadcasting in Hong Kong --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Commercial Radio --- p.90 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Metro Broadcast --- p.92 / Chapter 4.5 --- Research Method: quantitative content analysis with the help of qualitative analysis --- p.94 / Chapter 4.6 --- Hypothesis setting --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Data Analysis I: The News bulletins in the 2004 Legislative Council Election --- p.101 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2 --- Background --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3 --- The salience of the election coverage --- p.102 / Chapter 5.4 --- The themes of the election coverage --- p.105 / Chapter 5.5 --- The news source of the election coverage --- p.112 / Chapter 5.6 --- The sound bite sources and their duration of the election coverage --- p.118 / Chapter 5.7 --- Summary: RTHK quite followed the mainstream commercial broadcasters --- p.123 / Chapter 5.8 --- Case I: The nomination period for the election --- p.125 / Chapter 5.9 --- Case II: Ma Lik has been diagnosed as having cancer --- p.136 / Chapter 5.10 --- Discussion and Summary for the finding --- p.139 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Data Analysis II: The phone-in current affairs programme in the 2004 Legislative Council Election --- p.143 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.143 / Chapter 6.2 --- Background --- p.143 / Chapter 6.3 --- The salience of the election-related discussion --- p.145 / Chapter 6.4 --- The topics for the discussion about the election --- p.150 / Chapter 6.5 --- The guest for the election discussion --- p.165 / Chapter 6.6 --- Discussion and Summary for the findings --- p.183 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion: RTHK provided limited alternatives in the coverage of 2004 Legislative Council Election by news bulletins and phone-in programmes --- p.187 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.187 / Chapter 7.2 --- Summary of the findings from the study --- p.191 / Chapter 7.3 --- Implication and discussion --- p.196 / Chapter 7.4 --- Limitation and further research --- p.202 / Appendix --- p.205 / Appendix I The original quotation used in different chapters --- p.205 / Appendix II Analysis Form for each story in the news bulletin --- p.209 / Appendix III Analysis Form for the phone-in current affairs programme --- p.213 / Appendix IV The election-related topics that discussed by the phone-in programmes in the study period --- p.215 / Bibliography --- p.218

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this analytical study was to establish whether the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC) operates as a true public broadcaster or as a state-controlled broadcaster. The performance of the ZBC was analysed through its main 8.00 pm television news bulletins broadcast during the period between the signing of the Global Political Agreement (GPA) by the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front, ZANU (PF) and the two Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) political parties in September 2008 and the establishment of the inclusive Government of National Unity (GNU) in February 2009. The study was undertaken from within the paradigms of the Social Responsibility Theory as this was deemed the most applicable in terms of the research subject. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied as part of a process of triangulation. The qualitative research method, as the main methodological approach, was applied to solicit views and opinions of participants by use of questionnaires designed to interview specific interviewees, namely the ZBC journalists and spokespersons for the various political parties now in the GNU. The journalists explained how they gathered and packaged news bulletins having to endure some government interference on a regular basis. The MDCs' spokespersons outlined how the ZBC denied them broadcast time for their rallies, press statements and participation in live debates. ZANU (PF) was of the view that the MDC parties only wanted to blame the previous ZANU (PF) government through “unsubstantiated” remarks about bias and the breakdown of the rule of law and absence of democracy and freedom of expression in the country. This, according to ZANU (PF), they did in order to please their alleged Western financiers like Britain and the United States who imposed targeted sanctions on the country. Through the analysis of political parties' accessibility to the main television news bulletins, the research confirmed the assumption that the ZBC is still biased in favour of the former sole ruling ZANU (PF) party which is also in charge of the information ministry in the GNU. The study concluded that since the ZBC, as a public-funded institution, was clearly not accessible to different political parties and civic society groups in order for them to participate in a crucial nation-building process, it failed to fulfil its expected mandate as a public broadcaster. By also negating a social responsibility role that calls for high professional conduct, fairness and objectivity expected of public broadcasters, this study showed that the ZBC was still a state-controlled broadcaster that needs to be reformed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie analitiese studie was om vas te stel of die Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC) as 'n ware openbare uitsaaier of as 'n staatsbeheerde uitsaaier funksioneer. Die werkverrigting van die ZBC is geanaliseer deur die 8 nm-TV-bulletin gedurende die periode tussen die ondertekening van die Global Political Agreement (GPA), deur die Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front, ZANU (PF) en die twee Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) politieke partye in September 2008 en die totstandkoming van die inklusiewe Government of National Unity (GNU) in Februarie 2009 te bestudeer. Beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes is toegepas deur dit met die proses van triangulering te kombineer. Die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode, wat die hoof-metodologiese benadering is, is aangewend om perspektiewe en opinies van deelnemers te verkry, deur gebruik te maak van vraelyste wat ontwerp is vir spesifieke deelnemers, naamlik die ZBC joernaliste en woordvoerders van die verskillende politieke partye, tans in die GNU. Die joernaliste verduidelik hoe hulle met die inwin van nuus en samestelling van nuusbulletins inmenging van die staat op 'n gereelde basis moes verduur. Woordvoerders van die MDC het in breë trekke uiteengesit hoe die ZBC hul uitsaaityd geweier het vir hul byeenkomste, persverklarings en deelname aan regstreekse debatte. Die ZANU (PF)-deelnemers is van mening dat die MDC- partye net die vorige regering wou blameer deur "ongesubstansieerde‟ opmerkings te maak oor vooroordeel en die ontbinding van die oppergesag van die gereg, die afwesigheid van demokrasie en vryheid van spraak in die land. Dit sou hulle doen om hul beweerde Westerse finansiers, soos Brittanje en die Verenigde State, wat geteikende sanksies op die partyleierskap opgelê het, insluitende president Robert Mugabe, tevrede te stel. 'n Analise van die politieke partye se toegang tot die hooftelevisie-nuusbulletins bevestig die hipotese dat die ZBC steeds die vorige enkel regerende ZANU (PF)-party wat in beheer van die inligtingsministerie in die GNU is, bevoordeel. Die slotsom is dat, aangesien die ZBC, 'n openbaar-gefinansierde instansie, ontoeganklik vir verskillende politieke partye en burgerlike gemeenskapsgroepe is, hulle van deelname aan 'n belangrike nasiebouproses uitgesluit is. Daarmee faal die ZBC in sy veronderstelde mandaat van 'n ware openbare uitsaaier, asook sy sosiale verantwoordelikheidsrol, wat hoë professionele gedrag, regverdigheid en objektiwiteit van openbare uitsaaiers vereis. Die studie bewys die ZBC is steeds 'n staatsbeheerde uitsaaier wat hervorm moet word.

The aim of this master thesis is to figure out the role of foreign correspondents within Europe during today’s developments of globalization and digitalization, in the view of professional foreign journalists. The continent becomes closer in terms of politics, currencies and cultures, and a growing infrastructure simplifies travelling and communication. Therefore, the role and function of foreign journalists are more and more questioned. The main focus of this thesis is thereby the case of the foreign correspondence offices of the German public broadcasting network ARD. An auto-ethnographic study was used to base the analysis of this thesis on own perspectives. In a further step interviews with five foreign journalists examine the experiences of professionals in this field. The analysis is based, besides these two qualitative methods, on the theories of Siemes (2000), Cole and Hamilton (2008), and Archetti (2013).The researches’results demonstrate strong arguments for the relevance of the maintenance of foreign correspondences within Europe as the role of public broadcasters in particular is to inform, explain and classify happenings within the own country as well as in foreign areas to the audience. The nearby countries play thereby an important role due to many points of contact; for that reason professional journalists should further on hold the function to care for enlightenment.

The 1980s and 1990s saw major changes in the political landscape of the media in many countries that were either reverting or emerging from repressive nondemocratic regimes. Among the notable changes in media industry was the opening up of the national airwaves, which had been a state monopoly, to private sector and community participation. The democratic dispensation also put state broadcasters in the spot-light regarding their editorial content which was previously ‘institutionalised’ as belonging to the ruling regimes. This study set out to investigate the extent to which broadcasting reform legislation meant to address the unfair coverage of contending voices on Zambia’s public broadcaster has had an impact in reversing the situation in the newsroom. Using qualitative methods of investigation, the study established that while the ZNBC staff understand aspects of their role in their newsroom in relation to the principles of public service broadcasting and in line with the enacted legislation, they perceive that, in practice, they have to ensure that the news content still remains a reserve of a few voices in favour of the ruling regime. This was evidenced by testimonies from the news staff’s complaints of continued editorial interference in their work by government leaders and government appointed gatekeepers, as well as selfcensorship. The study recommends, among other things, the full implementation of the recently enacted laws on the operations of ZNBC in order to achieve some minimum levels of being a public broadcaster. It further recommends a serious re-orientation of the ZNBC newsroom and management staff to the current legislative requirements so as to shift their mindset away from their traditionally-held views of thinking that news at that station is only for the ruling regime.